Overview of Political Parties and Systems

Hi everyone, how are you my friends? Good evening, good evening Nikesh, good evening Purva, good evening Survesh, Kanishk, who else, Haknavaz, hi, hi... Yes, I'm very excited for this session too. Again, as usual, I want to see my thumbs up, please. Can you see me? Can you hear me? And then I will start. Hi, Anshul. Hi, Ashart again. So nice to see all my friends here again. Hi, Kanishk. Thank you. What a sweet comment. Daman, hi. Hi, Ishtiaq. And hi Narendra. Okay, so Papiya says hi ma'am, hi Papiya and she gives me lots of thumbs ups which means I can be seen and I can be heard. So a very, very, very warm welcome to all of you. Hi Srishti, thank you for the thumbs ups also. Okay, so welcome to Byju's 8 to 10 Term 2 Civics Discussion on... What's the chapter for today? Well, I know that you know the answers written right here on my screen. Today we are going to be discussing political parties. Interesting chapter, no? I'm sure you all have studied this chapter, right? By now all of you all are like pros on it. Hi Prabhut, you wanted me to take your name. Hi Adira, thank you. Hi Deepak, hi Keshavi, hi Bhagya. Yes, Bhagya, we are going to be studying... political parties now this is a very easy chapter very interesting chapter i'm going to skim through it okay uh and i'm sure that you will be able to brush up the concepts that you already have learned so i'm going to show you how we are going to proceed with this chapter okay this over here is a mind map and in this mind map we've given you the broad topics that we are going to be covering today and once we are done with the topics you will see that we have pretty much covered the most important concepts from the chapter, right? So we're going to be discussing the meaning and functions of political parties. We're going to be talking about party systems. We're going to be understanding more about national and state parties. We are going to be talking about the challenges to political parties. And we are going to be talking about how parties, political parties, how can political parties be reformed. Now, Yes, Tisha, it is an easy chapter. Okay, yes, there is Menti Vijaya. Once we finish with the explanation for today, we will be having our Menti quiz as usual. Okay, now, yes, Neha, we have Menti today. Okay, so now this chapter, what I told you is that we're going to be discussing it in terms of these topics and we're going to be discussing it in terms of a question and answer format, which means I'm going to be giving you the... possible questions that could come from these topics and then as an answer i'm going to be explaining all these topics that you see over here so that when you're clear with the concept you will find it very easy peasy to answer your questions okay so let's first dive into our first topic for today which is the meaning and functions of political parties hi sonal okay Now, you might get a question and I guess it's a very logical question since we are studying about political parties. You might get a question to ask you, what is a political party? Right now, this could possibly be a one mark question, right? Or it could be a two mark question also. See, in a CBSE sample paper discussion, I told you CBSE has already prescribed that largely we will have either two mark questions. three mark questions or five mark questions now when there are two mark questions you have to give a minimum of two points as your answer when you have a three mark question you have to give a minimum of three points as your answer and when you have a five mark question then of course it has to be a long answer right with more amount of points now this sort of question which is what is a political party which is a one mark question i'm assuming it could be a one mark question or when you have a one mark question this could be a subdivision of one of your other larger questions, okay? Or this one more question could be combined with something else. So, let's go ahead and discuss what is a political party. Well, I'm going to be talking about it. Nikesh says, political party is an organized group of people having the same ideology. Somebody else says, group of people come together to contest elections and form a government as a political party. Yes, Disha. That is what a political party is. A political party is a group of people who come together to contest elections and hold power in the government. Absolutely right. And yes, Charvi, a political party is a group of people having similar ideologies also, right? Now, in terms of a definition, this is pretty much the definition that you can put down of a political party if you have a question of one mark. But you could have a longer question asking you, explain a political party in terms of its meaning and its components. So this takes me to our next question which is, what are the components of a political party? All of you who know the answers, what are the components of a political party? Please put the answers down. Hi Dhruv. Okay. So we're going to be talking about components of a political party. Like I said, this could also be a one mark question or it could be combined with what is a political party in which case you will need to be talking about the definition of a political party and then you will go ahead and you will talk about the components. Yes, Ananya, leaders is definitely correct. Nikesh, leaders, members and followers. Ansh says active members. Amal says ma'am, screen is a blur. I think Amal you'll probably have to adjust the settings from your side. Okay, so talking about the components of a political party. The components of a political party is basically what a political party consists of or who does the political party consist of. So the political party consists of, absolutely right, the leader, the active members and the followers. Okay, so it's sort of like a pyramid over here. You have the leader who is... right at the top. Now, who is the leader? The leader is the face of the political party. He is the one who, he or she, is the one who is sort of conveying the ideologies or the policies and programs to the people, right? So the people know the leader very, very well. Apart from this, below this, you have the active members of the political party. These are the people who actively support the leader, maybe take part in campaigning. They're basically actively working for the party. And then you have the followers, right? Now, these are the passive members of the party. Now, remember that no political party is complete without any of these components, okay? So, these are all very essential. A political party cannot exist without these, clear? So, now you know the definition of a political party. You know what are the components of the political party. So, let us move on to the next possible question that we could get. This is a very important question. This question, if you all remember, if you all have attended the CBSE sample paper discussion that we did, we had addressed this question even over there, discuss the functions of a political party. Now, this political party, this question could be basically in terms of a 3 mark question or it could be a 5 mark question. I'm going to tell you how to answer it in both cases, right? Okay, yes, absolutely right, Divya, that is one of the functions of a political party. She says party, contest, election. Disha says there are seven functions, right? Okay, so yes, there are seven functions of a political party. These of political parties, these are the seven functions. Now, in case you get a question of three marks saying, name the functions of a political party or discuss the functions of a political party, then... you just need to put it in point form. In case of a three-mark question, you could just choose any three points, minimum three points, and explain a little bit about it. But if it is a five-mark question, then you're going to need a whole lot of points and you're going to need more explanations. So I'm going to go through this with you in detail. So first function of a political party, what does a political party do? It contests elections. We discussed this in the definition also. We spoke, we said that a political party is a group of people that comes together to contest elections and hold power in the government. So in the definition, it talks about the function itself, right? So political parties, they stand for elections. If they win the election, then what does this party become? This party becomes the ruling party and then this party goes ahead and forms the government. Right? This we discussed in the definition itself. Right? Next, what does a political party do? A political party makes policies and programs. Now, what is the need of these policies and programs? Why is this such an important function? Well, thank you Abhishek. This is the only channel I know teaches social in English and not in Hindi. Just love your teaching ma'am. Thank you Swara. Okay, thank you Ayush. Alright, so. What do we mean by a political party makes policies and programs? Well, why do we need these policies and programs? See, in a country that is vast, a country that is complex, especially a country like India, for example, if we're taking it into example, there are bound to be so many different opinions, there are bound to be so many different views, right? So what these political parties do is that they come together, it's a group of people who come together based on a certain ideology and then they make these policies and programs based on these ideologies or these fundamentals and this becomes what they are conveying to the to the public that we are standing for this ideology these are our policies and programs then we as citizens or we as voters what do we do we say ah i like this policy or i like this program i'm going to vote for this party so this is how the voters vote for the party and this is how the political parties basically put out their policies and programs so this is a very important function of political parties then political parties also make laws i just told you that if they come into power they form and run the government so obviously making laws would be a very important function uh in terms of this now these laws are generally discussed or discussed during the contested sometimes also you in the legislative assemblies but since most of the people over there in the legislative assembly are party members generally the laws are passed so very important function is to make laws right for menran government we've already discussed i'm not going to cover that again then what is the role of the opposition they have the function of the opposition also so opposition is that party that did not become the ruling party did not have the majority they became the opposition and they have a very important role What is their role? Their role is to create this beautiful system of balance and checks on the ruling party. So the ruling party cannot just do whatever they want. If the opposition feels that the ruling party is not doing the correct thing, the opposition has the right to protest, right? So this is the function of the opposition. And then political parties shape public opinions. We know that political parties are so very influential, right? In fact, most people, almost everybody knows about different political parties and relates to some political party or the other. This is why political parties are very instrumental in shaping public opinion. So they can actually sway the public in a particular direction depending on what stand they want the public to take. And in fact, if it's an issue that is important, they can even engage with some pressure groups and then... sort of shape the public's opinion in this particular direction. So this is a very, very important function. And the seventh function is access to government schemes. Political parties have access to government schemes and they are the people that are making the citizens aware of these government schemes. The citizens may not have that much knowledge. So what these political parties do is that they become a sort of a link between the citizens and the government. and the government scheme, sort of, right? And if there's ever a problem, what can the citizens do? Well, the citizens in that case would find it much easier to go to a political party with their problem or for understanding what a government scheme is about rather than going directly to a government office, right? So in this sense, they are a bridge between the citizen and the government scheme, right? So once again, I'm going to quickly read this. We've discussed each of these political parties, these contest elections. Political parties make policies and programs. Political parties make laws. Political parties form and run governments. Political parties have the function of the role of the opposition. Political parties shape public opinions. And political parties have access to government schemes. Right? Yes, Tisha, it is easy to approach a party member rather than the government. And that is the idea that they form a bit of a link over here. Right? Okay, so this is in detail your functions of a political party. Now you are equipped to handle it whether it is a 3 mark question or whether it is a 5 mark question. Alright, now let's move on to our next question which is What is the role of political parties in a democracy? Basically what we are asking over here is why do we need political parties? But wait a minute, just in the previous slide we discussed functions of a political party. So is function and role not the same thing? Well, no it's not. There is a slight difference. Let me explain this to you with an example and then I'll actually go on to answer the question. So let us take the example of a mixer. You all know what a mixer is, right? You have so many mixers out there in the market. So let's take the example of a mixer. Now when we are talking about the functions of a mixer, what are we saying? We are talking about the capabilities of the mixer or we are talking about what the mixer can do, right? So what are the capabilities or the functions of a mixer? Well, a mixer can, you can tell me what are the functions of a mixer? A mixer can do what? It can make juices. What else? What else can a mixer do? a mixer can grind vegetables what else these are all the functions of a mixer what else can a mixer do a mixer can make chutneys all right so basically these are all the functions of a mixture mixer yes it can make chutney absolutely right divya okay so these are the functions of a mixer this is basically what a mixer can do now What would the role of the mixer be? The role of the mixer would be, why do I need this mixer in my house? I know what the functions are, the functions are written on the catalogue also, but why do I need to bring this mixer home? How is this mixer going to help me? Well, this mixer is going to help me by reducing time, reducing effort, right? I don't have to do everything with my hand. The mixie does it for me and it saves time and effort. And this is why I need the mixer in my house, right? So this is the role of the mixer. So when we're talking about what is the role of political parties in a democracy, we're basically saying, why do we need political parties in a democracy? So actually, for me to think of it, philosophical question, why do we need political parties? I mean... Can't we just have independent candidates like maybe you or maybe me who stand for election and then win the election and then run the government? Isn't it possible? Well, let me explain this. Okay. So, let us assume that we have a very simple society. Okay. Now, in the simple society, we just have constituency A, constituency B, constituency C and constituency D. Okay. These constituencies are all... have their own sets of problems, they are not really interconnected in any way and you have individual candidates like you and me who stand for election in these independent constituencies. We win the election, the individual wins the election and then starts, is sort of accountable for that constituency and solves the problems of each of these individual constituencies. Whichever candidate is chosen from that constituency, they go ahead and solve the problem of that constituency. Very simple, na? Well, a simple society like this exists only in probably imagination. I'm not sure if it actually exists. Society is actually very, very complex, especially if you take such a vast country like ours, like India. It's such a vast, geographically vast country with all the states being so interconnected. And in this sort of situation, with so many different states and such a vast country, is it possible for just one individual to be accountable to only his constituency? Obviously not, right? So what are we saying? Can an individual be accountable for the whole country? No, obviously not. What if this individual falls sick? What if this individual wants to quit and go home, right? Is that possible? Then what will happen? The government will stop working. Policies and programs will come to a stop. So obviously we cannot rely on an independent candidate to run the entire country. We need a group of people and this is why we need... political parties. Right? Correct. So, correct. Yes, Nikesh, very beautiful answer. Just like independent single player in football can't decide where to go, single elected representatives may not be able to frame policies. Absolutely correct. Right? So, this is why we cannot have independent candidates and we need political parties. So, let's go ahead and talk about the role a little bit more in detail. Now, we just discussed that society has become... very large and complex. If you take a country like India, a country like India has, it's so vast, it has 28 states, it has 8 union territories, there are so many different socio-economic groups, there are so many groups based on language, there are so many groups based on caste. Now, obviously, each of these own groups is going to have their own opinions about things, they're going to have their own issues, they're going to have their own interests, right? So, political parties is a very essential feature of... representative democracy like India. Now, what is a representative democracy? A representative democracy is one where all the voices of many different social groups are heard or taken into account, right? Okay, so I just told you that there are so many different social groups. Now, all these social groups would have their own, you know, maybe standard of living, their own problems, they would have their own... socio-economic problems or they would basically have even their own interests right so who better to represent these socio-economic groups than a member of the socio-economic group themselves let me give you an example supposing you have a specially abled person okay now specially abled person will naturally be able to understand the problems of other specially abled people much easier right and will be able to represent this community much better so and represent the interests also So which is why you have certain sections which are being represented or many sections which are being represented and this is what a representative democracy is. So like I said, there are many different views or many different opinions on various issues. What do political parties do? Political parties basically get together. We said that it was a group of individuals that get together and these individuals have certain ideas. or similar ideologies and they put these together and then this becomes the ideology of the party. Right? So this is the role of political parties. Then what is the role of the opposition? Well, I briefly explained this earlier. The opposition is very very important because in a representative democracy actually the opposition makes very sure that all voices are taken into account. The role of the opposition is not just to keep rejecting everything that the ruling party does. This is not the idea of that at all. The role of the opposition is to make sure that when a certain law is being passed or when a certain policy is being put up, is this policy or program taking into account the maximum good? Is this policy or program answering all questions? So this is what the role of the opposition is, right? And this in a macro way is basically the role of political parties in a democracy. Right? Okay. Now, we have actually finished with this particular topic which is meaning and functions. We are now going to be discussing our next topic which is party systems. So, let's go ahead and discuss this. This is a very easy section. I know that all of you know this already. Right? So, we have a question that says, explain the type of party systems. Very, very easy. There are basically three types of party systems. Okay. We have a one party system. We have a two party system and we have a multi party system. Right. Now, I'm going to explain each of these in a short way and I'm going to be giving you examples also. So, this will become very easy for you. Although, I know you already know this. Right. So let's go ahead and understand what is a one party system. Now a one party system is where only one party is allowed to control and run the government. Which means that it is the same party that keeps coming into power all the time. So other parties are allowed to contest election but they almost never win over here. So pretty much this is the same one party that is coming back again and again and again. And this is why this is called the one party system. Right? Kanishka has already put an example saying China and Syria. Yes, that's absolutely right. Alright, two party system is when we have a power changing between two main parties. It is these two main parties that are constantly taking turns to come into power. Again, there could be other political parties and those political parties could contest election but it's generally one of these two parties that is coming to power and this is what a two-party system is, right? Let's move on to a multi-party system. Multi-party system, yes, Vaibhav India is a multi-party system. Multi-party system is where there are several parties that can compete for power and you can have more than two parties which have a chance of coming to power. I'm going to explain this. Let's first talk about examples of each of these kind of party systems. So, one-party system, yes. I saw a lot of people saying China. China is absolutely right. In China we have the Communist Party of China that generally comes to power. It's called the CPC right or the Chinese Communist Party basically. So this is a one-party system. Then two-party systems you have USA and UK and for example in the USA you constantly have either the Democrats or the Republicans and this is a two-party system. And multi-party system we know is definitely prevalent in India. So meaning of a multi-party system again is when there can be many parties that contest elections and you can have more than two parties coming to form the government. Now, in terms of a multi-party system, there are two very important words that we need to understand or terms that we need to understand and these are alliance and coalition. Both of these terms basically mean that political parties come together. But In alliance and coalition, actually they are both coming together for very very different reasons. Let me explain these two terms for you. Let us first talk about an alliance. Alliance is a time when political parties come together but here they are coming together before elections. They are coming together to actually contest elections and win power. Now, the way you can remember this is that A comes first. So, alliance basically comes before elections, right? Alliance comes before coalition. This is an easy way to remember it. Now, what do I mean to say that they need to, they come together to join the hands for winning the elections? Okay, let's say that we have a particular political party that wants to take part in elections from a particular state. Now, they don't have much influence in the state, okay? So, what do they do? They say, haan. We don't have much influence over here but we can join hands with this X party. This X party knows the people of this state very well and if we join up with this party, then definitely we'll have a chance of winning the election. So these two parties will join up and then they will contest election together and from the voters'point of view, we say, ah, these two parties are the same party and we will vote for the party, right? So this is what an alliance is. There are some examples of alliances over here, NDA, UPA, Left Front, etc. So alliance. Alliance comes before the coalition or before the elections, right? Now coalition. Coalition happens afterwards. C comes after A, so coalition happens afterwards. It happens basically after the elections are over. Now coalition is formed when there is no party that has a clear majority and so you could have two or three parties coming together to get the necessary... seats in the government and this is how they form the government okay so this is the difference between alliance and coalition and they are both very very important terms in terms of a multi-party system right yes i see a lot of examples nda and upi alliances in india aryan says after the election uh manasa says no proper majority yes absolutely right i see that you'll have your concepts down very very clearly and with this ta-da we finished the second subtopic also now we are going to be discussing national and state parties okay so in terms of national and state parties you could get a question to ask you or say explain the classification of political parties in a federal democracy now i will tell i will explain this to you but What does this question mean? They are saying, explain the classification of political parties in terms of a federal democracy. What is a federal democracy? Anchita, you can put in your doubt. Me and the team will do our best to handle the doubt, okay? So, a federal democracy is where the power, there is a vertical sharing of power. Power is divided or shared between the central government. and the state government. Now, we know that in terms of a federal democracy, none of these are subservient to the other, right? It's not that one is more important to the other. In fact, both of these are autonomous. Both of these have specific roles and functions. And both of these basically derive their power from the constitution. Now, in such a setup, what is the classification of political parties, right? So, the classification of political parties in a setup like this, namely a federal democracy is that there are... two types of political parties in a federal democracy. One is national parties and one is state or regional parties. Okay, I'm going to explain it. What is a national party? National party is one that has presence in several or all units of the federation. What do we mean by units of the federation? We're basically talking about states, right? So a party that has a presence in many states. or all the states can be recognized as a national party, right? Or is recognized as a national party. Then, there is certain criteria for this. I'm going to come to that later. Then, state parties are who? State parties are those that are present in only one of the federal units or basically one of the states and this is a state party, right? Now, is there a criteria for becoming a national party or a state party? How are these parties recognized as national parties or state parties? This is what we are going to be telling you. So, you may get a question to ask you, what is the criteria for a political party to be recognized as a state party of India? Well, for a state party in India, first of all, what do they need? They need to have 6% of the total votes of the legislative elections, assemblies of the... Legislative... Assembly elections of a state. I'm stumbling over my words. Sorry. So they need to have 6% of the total votes. Supposing there are 100 people who have voted, right? Out of 100 people, they should have at least 6 of these votes. And this is what is meant by 6%, right? But we're talking about the people only of the total number of people that have voted. 6% of the total number of people that have voted. Correct? Now, apart from this, they also need another criteria. What is the criteria? They need at least... two seats in the Legislative Assembly. Tell me, they are already getting 6% of the votes, right? So why do they need two seats also? Isn't it the same thing? Well, it's not really the same thing because in a country like ours where a simple majority is the one that is actually in play, we know that 6% of the votes is actually only of the 6% of the total number of people who have voted. What about the people who have not voted? There are so many people who have not voted and in this case, this 6% may not actually be enough. So they need basically also two seats in the Legislative Assembly. Right? So what do they need? They need 6% of the total votes and they need two seats in the Legislative Assembly and this is how a party can be recognized as a state party. Moving on, let's understand the next one. What are the criteria for a political party to be recognized as a national party in India? So what is the criteria for national party? Well, they need to have 6% of the total votes in the Lok Sabha. But here, there is an either or situation. Supposing they don't have 6% of the total votes in the Lok Sabha, they could also have had 6% of total votes in assembly elections of four states, right? So it's either this or... this. One of these criteria have to be fulfilled, right? Now, apart from this, what do they need as the second criteria? They need, the second criteria is that they need to win at least four seats in the Lok Sabha. So, if they have one of these and four seats in the Lok Sabha, then they are recognized as the national party or as a national party, right? So, this is a question that you could get. Talking about national parties, I have a very interesting question for you. How many national parties do we have in India as of 2021? Come on, put in your answer. How many political parties do we have as of 2021? Well, the thing is that our textbook may tell us that the answer is 7, but actually as of 2021, yes Aryan, the textbook says 7, but The truth is, Bandana and Disha you are right, the truth is that we have 8 national parties. These are the national parties BSP, BJP, CPIM, CPI, INC, NCP, AITC and NPP. Out of these parties, you have NPP that actually came to be recognised as a national party only in 2019. And this is why we have 8 national parties. absolutely right okay thank you sambit that's a beautiful comment we are very happy to be here and conduct these sessions for you also right yes bhagia npp is not in the textbook that's absolutely correct but this is the truth as of now that as of 2019 npp is also a national party Okay, now let us move on to our next topic, which is challenges to political parties. Are there any challenges to political parties or is it just a very clear, superb system with everything functioning perfectly? Well, you may get a question. You may get a question to ask you what are some of the challenges faced by political parties in India and you've got to know the answer. So I'm going to discuss this with you. Again. So this question could be a 3 mark question or it could be a 5 mark question. If it is a 3 mark question, then all you need to do is mention these 4 points over here and you are done. But if it is a 5 mark question, then you need to go into more detail, more points and that is what I am going to cover with you. So what are some of the challenges faced by political parties in India? Well, there is lack of internal democracy, there is dynastic succession. there is growing role of money and muscle power and there is lack of provision of meaningful choice to voters. This answers your 3 mark question. But let's go ahead into each point and discuss it so that you are taken care of for your 5 mark question also, just in case it comes. So let's explain lack of internal democracy. What does this mean? Lack of internal democracy basically means that there is concentration of power in the hands of just a few people, just one leader or very few people just under the leader, right? There are no organizational meetings, no regular internal elections. So how are these people coming to power? They are coming by some random process which I will explain a little bit later. But they are basically, this power is concentrated in the hands of just these very very few people and nobody else has a say in the matter. In fact, ordinary members of the party, they do not even have enough information on party decisions. So is this the correct process or is this the correct procedure to follow? Absolutely not. Things in a political party should follow a more democratic process, right, which is going to be good for our country. But unfortunately, this does not happen. In fact, in political parties, the leadership is so strong and power is so concentrated that it is very difficult to disagree with the leadership. If you disagree with the leadership, And this is a clash between the party principles, the principles that the party stands for and the leadership. If you actually take the side of the party principles, if there is ever a clash, there is probably a high chance that that member is going to be removed from the party. And this is why I say that there is a lack of internal democracy. There is concentration of power in the hands of a very few people. And this is not a democratic process. Right? Correct. Power remains in the hands of a few top leaders who do not... consult ordinary members absolutely right sukhjot correct okay let's move on to discuss our next point which is dynastic succession so dynastic succession is actually quite linked to our first point of internal democracy i spoke to you that in an internal democracy a lack of internal democracy i spoke to you saying that there are very few people or powers concentrated in the hands of a very few people now why is it concentrated in the hands of these few people you Few people? Well, because there's dynastic succession. Dynastic succession means that power is basically passed on from family member to family member. So today there is one leader, tomorrow that leader will give the leadership maybe to his son, maybe to his grandson, maybe to his niece or nephew or whoever. It's in the same family, it all remains in the same family. Is this a democratic process? No, it's not. Is this good for the people? No, it's not. Obviously not, right? Because what does this mean? This means that... certain people who are actually very deserving. They don't have a chance to come to the top or come to power, positions of leadership. Why? Because they don't belong to the same family. Isn't that absurd? But it happens, right? Or on the other hand, there are people who are not deserving at all, but these people come to positions of power. So this is obviously very harmful for a democracy. It is not good for us because people who have no experience are coming to power and this is one of the challenges also. to political parties, right? Yes, Bandana, it is not necessary that they are deserving. Absolutely right. Okay, then let's move on to the third point, which is growing role of money and muscle power. Now, what does this mean? This means that some parties are only interested in coming to power and winning elections. They don't really care about anything else. So what is the way that they can win elections? Well, they want to take people into their team or into their party who are very strong and who are very influential. Now when I say strong, what do I mean? This is what I'm talking about, muscle power. Muscle power means that these people probably, maybe, belong to criminal backgrounds and they have a lot of influence with the people, which means that they can get votes even by force. Is this the correct thing? Absolutely not, right? So they also nominate candidates who can raise a lot of money for them, right? Money is important, but what these people do is that when lots of people put in money into a party, eventually at the end of the day, it is these rich people who then basically want to control the policies and programs. So this is not a very democratic process either, right? It is not correct to either hire people from criminal backgrounds and it's not right to hire people without any merit or without looking at, without taking an alignment of policies and programs and just taking them into engaging them in their party for the sake of money. Right. So this is the third reason. And let's move on to the fourth one. I'm not able to see the comments over here, please. Can I just have the comments being able to be seen clearly, please? Yeah. Okay. And then the fourth one is lack of provision of meaningful choice to voters. What does this mean? Why is it that voters in India, especially for example, we have so many parties, so many parties, right? But we don't have a choice. What does this mean? Well, what do voters want? Voters want parties to offer a meaningful choice. I told you in a representative democracy, voters should have the choice of voting for a party that best suits their interests or best suits their issues, right? But in a place like India, even though there are so many parties, if you actually go down to it and you actually understand the ideologies of these parties, you will find that most of these parties have very few ideological differences, meaning they're more or less same in ideology, they're more or less same in fundamentals. So then where is the choice for the voters, right? Even in terms of economic policies, there's not really much choice. They're all pretty much saying the same thing. And so... Where is the choice? People who want a different choice or different policies, there are no options available. And this is what is meant by lack of provision of meaningful choice to voters. Also, if you think of different leaders, right, what is happening? You have the same set of leaders that are being recycled from one party to the other constantly. So you may vote for a leader, you don't like that leader, but eventually tomorrow you want to vote for another party and that leader has shifted to that party. Where is the choice over here, right? Because it's the same set of people that are circulating, right? So this is what is meant by lack of meaningful choice to the voters. And with this, we have effectively covered all four points of what are some of the challenges faced by political parties in India. Can you please tell me whether you have to learn state parties? Well, it's a good thing to learn it. We're going to be covering the... I've already covered the national parties a little bit. In fact... Talking about the national parties, I want to go, I will tell you that we saw a whole lot of symbols of the national parties, right? Now, in terms of the national parties, they all have different ideologies. They all have different symbols, which I did not discuss with you over here. These you will find in your textbook. So please definitely go through these different ideologies of the national parties. And it would be a good idea for you to go through the state parties also because you never know where you're going to get the question from. From our side over here, what we've done is we've not gone too much into detail. We focused on the more important topics that we thought were more important over here. But learning is always a good thing. So please go ahead and learn it for sure. Right. Okay. And with this, we have finished challenges to political parties. Let's move on to our... last one you want the last point again amal the last point is basically i'm saying showing this to you of amal the last point is lack of provision of meaningful choice to voters which means that even though there are a lot of parties there are very few fundamental differences between one party to the other and so the people do not have much of a choice right this is the last point and with this we are going to move on to the last topic for today which is How can parties be reformed? So we've spoken about the challenges, but is it all dark news or is there some good news also? Well, there are some reforms that have been put down. We've got a question that you may get to say, what are some of the measures introduced in India to reform political parties? Reform means make things better, improve, right? So this is basically improving on the challenges that are faced by political parties, right? Yes Anushka, you will need to learn the name of political parties. It is a little helpful, definitely. Depends on how much time you have and at what stage of learning your syllabus you are at. We are focusing on the most important topic, so this is definitely the largest chunk of the chapter. But anything extra that you have time to learn, it's always a good thing. So please go ahead and learn it. Yes Chitra, we are coming to Menti. Yes Mirza, we will come to Menti. Let me just finish this last section. Okay. Thank you, Nibash. She says, you're the best teacher of SST. I love learning SST from you. Thank you so much. Ma'am, you make SST very, very easy. Thank you, Disha. Okay. What are some of the measures introduced in India to reform political parties? Well, there are reforms at three levels. These are the Constitution Amendment, there is the Supreme Court Order, and there is the Election Commission's Order. What do each of these say? The Constitution Amendment means that there has been an amendment or a change in the Constitution to be able to reform this political party system or the challenges of the political parties. Now, you know what used to happen? Do you know what defection is? Earlier, there used to be political parties who would get votes, they would get power in the government, and then as soon as they come and they get power or they win, what do they do? They change their party. Now imagine this. Me as a voter, I have voted for that particular candidate or that particular party because I like the ideology of that party. Right. And now as soon as this person has got power, what is this person does? He's changed his party. So the person that I vote for has changed his ideology. Is that fair to me as a voter? Right. No, it's not. So this is what defection is. And constitution amendment is basically the amendment that is put in the constitution or the reform that is put is basically anti defection. Now, there is an amendment or it is written over there to say that if any MLA or MP changes their parties after coming to power, then he or she will lose their seat in the legislature. And I think this is an excellent move because at least who we voted for and what we voted for, if that person comes to power, should remain the same, right? So this is the constitution amendment and this is great news, right? Next. We have the Supreme Court order. What does the Supreme Court order say? Supreme Court order has made it mandatory or compulsory for every candidate who is contesting in the elections to file an affidavit giving details of his property and criminal cases against him. Which means he has to declare what are all his assets. He has to say what is all my property and we will get to know whether he is actually a goonda or a criminal or something of the sort. So... What does this mean? This basically means that this order gives me, a voter, more information about the candidate that I am voting for, right? So this is again very, very important. And the third is the election commission's order, which has made it necessary for political parties to hold their organizational elections and file their income tax returns. Now, hold organizational elections obviously is to... bring about more equality or more democracy in the party because i just told you that some time back that there is lack of internal democracy and power is concentrated in the hands of a very few people so this election commission's orders actually to take care of that uh it is a reform it is on paper however it's a sad thing that this is not really in practice unfortunately power is still concentrated in the hands of a few people but Since this is a reform that has been put down, it's good news because things are looking up. Maybe at some point very soon this will change, right? So this is what they're supposed to do and they're supposed to file their income tax returns to give them more financial transparency of how the money is being spent, right? So this is about the reforms to political parties. And with that, we have finished this entire chapter. We have understood. the meaning and functions of political parties. Here we also spoke about the components of the political party. We spoke about the role of the political party also. Here you could get questions either in one mark questions or in combination with other questions, making it a three mark question or a five mark question. But this is something that you need to understand. Okay. And if you have not understood it, you can always go back to our video. It's going to be there for you on YouTube and you can follow the session again and you will get your answer. Okay, then we spoke about party system. There are three types of party system. One party system, two party system, three party system. We gave you examples for each of this. We spoke about understanding national and state parties. We spoke about the criteria with which a national party can, thank you, Daman, can be recognized as a national party or a state party. We spoke about the challenges to political parties. There were four points over here, which was lack of internal democracy. We spoke of dynastic succession. we spoke about a growing role of money and muscle power and we spoke about what else did we speak about what was the fourth one lack of meaningful choice to voters right and then we spoke about how parties can be reformed there are reforms at what levels at the level of the constitution there is a supreme court order and there is an election commission order and with this we have finished everything somebody asked me for a recap So I've very quickly given you a quick recap of what we've covered today. I'm sorry the time doesn't allow for me to go into detail or give you a detailed recap. But like I said, if you feel you've missed something or you feel you want more understanding of something, this session is available for you on the 8.9.10 channel. So please do visit it again and understand whatever it is that you feel you need to understand more. And with this, we finish this chapter. So for all of you who've been waiting for Menti, actually, I've also been waiting for this. So please go to www.menti.com. Use the code 63081471. This is very important. Please go to www.menti.com. Use the code 630. 81471. I'm going to be waiting for you. Alright, so do not exit from this session, just go to Menti. Alright, has everyone come to www.menti.com? Have you put in the code? Sukjot has given me some very nice comment which I saw but now it's lost over here. Jaivir says, ma'am, but today's political parties is like that. Only somebody is becoming... May I have that comment of Jaivir coming up, please? The person who is not deserving that is becoming the president, prime minister, etc. It's corruption. What's the change? Yes, Jaivir, that is... true but this is the reality but it is changing right slowly but surely things are changing and the reforms that we spoke about will also help right sambit says very nice explanation ma'am now i'm confident about this chapter thank us a lot by juice thank you sambit and sukjot says ma'am i'm grateful for your support uh and again i lost that comment i'm really really sorry i can't but i know that it was a very good comment right okay so you yes, Sambit says, I'm confident about this chapter, I read that already, okay, so, menti.com, we have, we're going to be starting very, very soon, so, have all of y'all gotten, I'm waiting for everybody, Suresh says, you are a master teacher and my favorite, thank you so much, yay, we have so many people over here, all right, great, Yashal says, join, Ayush says, join, Disha says, join, And Ania says, I've randomly reached this session and I'm liking it. Great, Ania, good to see you. Hope you come again. And let us start. I'm going to be starting with my first question for today. Are you ready? I love lentils. Yes. Okay, question number one. Come on, come on, come on, come on, come on. Bhagyasar, my logo is a crown. Okay. Which of the following reasons can be attributed to the necessity of political parties in modern democracies? Is it to ensure welfare policies? Need to conduct elections? Representative democracy or effective decision making? Come on, we have discussed this. So put in your answers. Speed is the thrill here. Come on, come on, come on. I really love Menti. Hey, so after this, once you put your answers in, we're going to be taking a look at the leaderboard, okay? And that's going to be a lot of fun also. All right, put in your answers. I know you know the answer. So come on. Time's up. What is the correct answer? Well, the correct answer is yes, representative democracy. We have 37 people who have given us the correct answer. Super, super job. Even if you haven't given the correct answer, it's not a problem. This is where we learn, right? So maybe you just need to read the question a little bit more carefully next time. Let us take a look at my favorite part, which is the leadable. All right. and I love to see who's going to, so I'm going to announce who is the fastest in each round, okay, and it's not a big deal, if you don't, if you're not the fastest, I somehow, I play this many, so many times, I'm never really the fastest, so it really doesn't matter, the most important thing is that we are all learning, and we're putting in the right answer, and even if we're not putting in the right answer, that's how we're learning, so the focus should be learning, right, and if we've done a particular thing, competition should be with ourselves, which means, Now I've got it wrong, next time I'll get it right, right? That's the only thing we should look at. And the fastest person over here is Aksh Patel from class 9. Congratulations, Aksh. Let's move on to our next question, which is question 2 out of 10. Urmila says, hello, ma'am, new to your class. Hi, Urmila, welcome. And question 2 says, okay, I'm waiting for it also. Come on, abracadabra. Oh, I forgot to... I got so excited I forgot to press the enter button. My fault, sorry. Which of the following necessitates the reason to the emergence of representative democracy? Is it welfare programs, complex social structures, conduct elections or decision making? We just learnt about this. Come on, you know the answer. I know you know the answer. Please put in your answers super, super fast. And Anshita says, Papi, I am also 34th. It doesn't matter. The position doesn't really matter as long as we've learnt. Right? Okay. And then, time's up. What is the correct answer? Well, 45 people have given the correct answer which is complex social structures. This is absolutely right. Let us take a look at the leaderboard. Congratulations all of you. And leaderboard says, let's see who's the fastest this time. And we have Akshat who is the fastest and Ananya who is the fastest. See, this is great news. So it means that you always have the chance to come up and do better, right? So this is great news. Let's move on to the next question, which is the third question, 3 out of 10. And now I remember to press enter. Last time I forgot. Okay, which among the following is not a component of a political party? Ah, so easy. Citizens, active members, followers or leaders? We just discussed this. You should know this question very, very well. Come on. All right, all right, all right. Quickly put in your answers. Time's up. Yes. Citizens is not a component of the political party. Political party only has leaders, active members and followers. Well done. And we take a look at the leaderboard again. Leaderboard says, who is the fastest? Let it appear. Who? I keep saying this. I really feel like Harry Potter and the Magician when the leaderboard comes up because I'm like making things and things are coming up like that. I'm having a lot of fun. And this time, Yashar is the fastest. Super job, Yashar. I see that you answer your questions also very nicely on the channel and in our sessions. So congratulations. Very, very nice. All of you, great job. Let's move on to our next question, which is question 4 out of 10. Let's take a look and see what the question says. Identify the country that follows the two-party system. Quite easy. India, China, United States of America or Cuba. We just discussed this. So, come on, come on, come on. Put in your answers. I know you know the answer. Right. What is the answer? Knives up? Yes! 89 people have said United States of America. That is absolutely right. We spoke about the two major parties, which is the Democratic Party and the Republican Party that mainly come to power in USA. And this is the correct answer. Let us take a look at the leaderboard again. Yes, UK is also correct, but UK was not given to us as an option over here. And so the correct answer we've got down as USA. Who is the fastest? FZN is the fastest. Super job. I love the fact that right now we have different different people coming up as the fastest. So this is great. It means that your speed is improving and obviously you know it so well that you're able to put in the answer the fastest. That's very very good. And all of you who got it correct, great job again. And if you did, no problem. Okay, let's move on. Question number 5 out of 10. Let's see what it says. Okay, question number five says, which of the following is a disadvantage of the multi-party system? Free competition, more representation, concentration of power or political instability? Come on, think about it. Actually, if you know the basics, this is actually very easy to say what will be the problem over here or what would be the disadvantage of a multi-party system. Come on, put in your answers. And I see some answers coming up over here already. Time's up. Yes, D is the correct answer, Lasya. It is political instability. 47 people have given the correct answer. Things are bound to be more stable when you don't have that many parties, right? So that's one of the disadvantages, but then there are advantages and disadvantages of all systems. Okay, let's move on to our next question, which, oh, sorry, leaderboard. I forgot. Leaderboard says, who is the fastest? Akshat, you're the fastest. Yay, well done. All of you, super, super job. Let's move on to our next question. Question number 6 out of 10. And we're waiting for the question. Identify the criteria for a party to be qualified as a national party. We just discussed this. 6% of the total votes in the Rajya Sabha. 6% of total votes in Rajya Sabha and 4 seats in Rajya Sabha. 6% of total votes in Lok Sabha. 6% of total votes in Lok Sabha and 4 seats in the Lok Sabha. We've just discussed this. This should be easy peasy for you. Come on, put in your answers. Quickly, Keshvi is saying D. Bhagya is saying D. Sambit is saying D. Well, we shall see. Yes, time's up and correct. The answer is D. Easy peasy. Yashar is absolutely right. 6% of the total votes in the Lok Sabha and 4 seats in the Lok Sabha is absolutely correct to be recognized as a national party. And for a state party, I told you 6% of the total votes and 2 seats. in the legislative assembly right okay i'm just giving a quick recap okay actually it was not needed okay next uh leaderboard leaderboard leaderboard leaderboard and what does our leaderboard say come on sanvi is the fastest yay sanvi very good very well done congratulations to all kr sister says hi ma'am i'm a new student hi welcome Always good to have new students here and welcome my old two. 7 out of 10. Let's see what the question says. All right. How many national parties are there in India? We just learnt about this. 5, 6, 7 or 8. Quickly, quickly, quickly, quickly. We know what the correct answer is. Should I give you a hint? Should I give you a clue? Okay, I won't. I won't. Well, go ahead. Put in the correct answer. The correct answer is yes. The correct answer is D. It is as of 2019, it is eight parties, right? So in 2021, we have eight national parties. Absolutely correct. And let us take a look at the leaderboard once again. Leaderboard. Suraj loves Tarana ma'am teaching. So sweet. Thank you, Suraj. That's what my leaderboard says. I love it. Yay. Okay, Kashif is the fastest. Very good, Kashif. Congratulations. I love that I'm seeing different, different, different names over here being the fastest. Great job, all of you, truly. And a big congratulations to those who got it right. Very, very good. And even if you don't, now you know the answer. And let's move on to question 8 out of 10. We're slowly coming to the end of the quiz. It's a lovely thing, but I also feel sad when the quiz comes to an end. Which of the following is a regional or a state party? Indian National Lok Dal, Bahujan Samaj Party, Bharatiya Janata Party, Nationalist Congress Party. Well, quickly, quickly go on. I discussed the names of the national parties with you. I read out, right? So you should know which one was not on the list. Ankita has already put in the answer. What she says is the answer. Yes. Indian National Lok Dal is the correct answer. We have 63% who have given the correct answer. 63 people who have put in the correct answer. Very well done. Yes, Indian National Lok Dal Yashar. Correct. And leaderboard. Akshat is the fastest again. Very well done. Congratulations. Let's move on to our second last question, which is question 9 out of 10. And Seraphim sisters, yes, you can join now. We're sort of ending, but join anyway. Which of the following statements is true? Lack of internal democracy is a challenge faced by many political parties. Dynastic succession within parties does not affect democracy. A country with a two-party system cannot be considered democratic, and political parties are incapable of shaping public opinion. Put in the correct answer. I know that you know the correct answer. Put it in. Ankita says A. Yashar says A. Radhya says A. Let's see. Let's see. We will see. Time is up. And the correct answer is A. Absolutely right. 67 people have given the correct answer. Let's take a look at the leaderboard. I should like wear a hat and like hold a wand or something also over here. It's like makes me feel really good. Okay. Fastest is winter. Congratulations, winter. Congratulations to all of you who gave the correct answer. And again, no problem if you didn't. And we have our last question, which is 10 out of 10. And let's see what the question says. Which of the following was an order given by the Election Commission of India? Is it internal affairs of parties have to be regulated by a central agency? It is mandatory for parties to give one third of the total tickets to women. Elections should be state funded or political parties have to hold organizational elections. I. just discussed this yeah she says ma'am love your teaching and by juice is the best thank you very much and due to network issue i'm now in 15th place no problem yes it's really not about the position it's about how much we're learning right and you're learning very very well so that's good and time is up and well the correct answer is political parties have to hold organizational elections and they have to basically file their IT returns. That is what the election commission's order is. This is the correct answer. 28 people got it right. Let us take a look at the leaderboard. Ma'am, please start 9th class SST and don't ignore me. Nibha, how can we ever ignore you, Nibha? And you will be posted when we start our sessions. Most definitely, okay? And the leaderboard says, Suraj loves Tarana Ma'am. Teaching has the highest number of points. Superb! congratulations to you congratulations to all of you all of y'all have done a super super job i know that y'all are going to max all the questions from this chapter it's actually a very easy peasy chapter as my students keep telling me easy peasy new word i've learned so i know that easy peasy for you uh you will be able to crack all the questions and if you ever have any doubts you can always refer to the videos that we have on the app or you can revisit this session on youtube right So, like I always tell you, we have you covered all the way. We had you covered in your Term 2 exams. We had you covered in your Term 1 exams and now in your Term 2 exams. Attend your free trial classes, please. This is very important. The link is in the description box. Attend the classes. It will be very, very good for you to brush up concepts. And we have an upcoming session. Thank you, Avarna. She says super session. We have the next session on the outcomes of democracy on the 4th of February 2022. This is at 5 p.m. So please make sure that you attend because again, revision is always a great thing. Right? Anuj says liked it. Thank you very much. And like I said, we've got you covered all through. So stay connected. Keep attending all the sessions and all the best for your exams. Thank you.

Hi everyone, how are you my friends? Good evening, good evening Nikesh, good evening Purva, good evening Survesh, Kanishk, who else, Haknavaz, hi, hi... Yes, I'm very excited for this session too.

Again, as usual, I want to see my thumbs up, please. Can you see me? Can you hear me? And then I will start. Hi, Anshul.

Hi, Ashart again. So nice to see all my friends here again. Hi, Kanishk. Thank you. What a sweet comment.

Daman, hi. Hi, Ishtiaq. And hi Narendra. Okay, so Papiya says hi ma'am, hi Papiya and she gives me lots of thumbs ups which means I can be seen and I can be heard.

So a very, very, very warm welcome to all of you. Hi Srishti, thank you for the thumbs ups also. Okay, so welcome to Byju's 8 to 10 Term 2 Civics Discussion on...

What's the chapter for today? Well, I know that you know the answers written right here on my screen. Today we are going to be discussing political parties. Interesting chapter, no?

I'm sure you all have studied this chapter, right? By now all of you all are like pros on it. Hi Prabhut, you wanted me to take your name. Hi Adira, thank you.

Hi Deepak, hi Keshavi, hi Bhagya. Yes, Bhagya, we are going to be studying... political parties now this is a very easy chapter very interesting chapter i'm going to skim through it okay uh and i'm sure that you will be able to brush up the concepts that you already have learned so i'm going to show you how we are going to proceed with this chapter okay this over here is a mind map and in this mind map we've given you the broad topics that we are going to be covering today and once we are done with the topics you will see that we have pretty much covered the most important concepts from the chapter, right?

So we're going to be discussing the meaning and functions of political parties. We're going to be talking about party systems. We're going to be understanding more about national and state parties. We are going to be talking about the challenges to political parties. And we are going to be talking about how parties, political parties, how can political parties be reformed.

Now, Yes, Tisha, it is an easy chapter. Okay, yes, there is Menti Vijaya. Once we finish with the explanation for today, we will be having our Menti quiz as usual. Okay, now, yes, Neha, we have Menti today.

Okay, so now this chapter, what I told you is that we're going to be discussing it in terms of these topics and we're going to be discussing it in terms of a question and answer format, which means I'm going to be giving you the... possible questions that could come from these topics and then as an answer i'm going to be explaining all these topics that you see over here so that when you're clear with the concept you will find it very easy peasy to answer your questions okay so let's first dive into our first topic for today which is the meaning and functions of political parties hi sonal okay Now, you might get a question and I guess it's a very logical question since we are studying about political parties. You might get a question to ask you, what is a political party?

Right now, this could possibly be a one mark question, right? Or it could be a two mark question also. See, in a CBSE sample paper discussion, I told you CBSE has already prescribed that largely we will have either two mark questions.

three mark questions or five mark questions now when there are two mark questions you have to give a minimum of two points as your answer when you have a three mark question you have to give a minimum of three points as your answer and when you have a five mark question then of course it has to be a long answer right with more amount of points now this sort of question which is what is a political party which is a one mark question i'm assuming it could be a one mark question or when you have a one mark question this could be a subdivision of one of your other larger questions, okay? Or this one more question could be combined with something else. So, let's go ahead and discuss what is a political party.

Well, I'm going to be talking about it. Nikesh says, political party is an organized group of people having the same ideology. Somebody else says, group of people come together to contest elections and form a government as a political party.

Yes, Disha. That is what a political party is. A political party is a group of people who come together to contest elections and hold power in the government. Absolutely right.

And yes, Charvi, a political party is a group of people having similar ideologies also, right? Now, in terms of a definition, this is pretty much the definition that you can put down of a political party if you have a question of one mark. But you could have a longer question asking you, explain a political party in terms of its meaning and its components.

So this takes me to our next question which is, what are the components of a political party? All of you who know the answers, what are the components of a political party? Please put the answers down. Hi Dhruv.

Okay. So we're going to be talking about components of a political party. Like I said, this could also be a one mark question or it could be combined with what is a political party in which case you will need to be talking about the definition of a political party and then you will go ahead and you will talk about the components.

Yes, Ananya, leaders is definitely correct. Nikesh, leaders, members and followers. Ansh says active members.

Amal says ma'am, screen is a blur. I think Amal you'll probably have to adjust the settings from your side. Okay, so talking about the components of a political party.

The components of a political party is basically what a political party consists of or who does the political party consist of. So the political party consists of, absolutely right, the leader, the active members and the followers. Okay, so it's sort of like a pyramid over here.

You have the leader who is... right at the top. Now, who is the leader?

The leader is the face of the political party. He is the one who, he or she, is the one who is sort of conveying the ideologies or the policies and programs to the people, right? So the people know the leader very, very well. Apart from this, below this, you have the active members of the political party. These are the people who actively support the leader, maybe take part in campaigning.

They're basically actively working for the party. And then you have the followers, right? Now, these are the passive members of the party.

Now, remember that no political party is complete without any of these components, okay? So, these are all very essential. A political party cannot exist without these, clear?

So, now you know the definition of a political party. You know what are the components of the political party. So, let us move on to the next possible question that we could get.

This is a very important question. This question, if you all remember, if you all have attended the CBSE sample paper discussion that we did, we had addressed this question even over there, discuss the functions of a political party. Now, this political party, this question could be basically in terms of a 3 mark question or it could be a 5 mark question. I'm going to tell you how to answer it in both cases, right?

Okay, yes, absolutely right, Divya, that is one of the functions of a political party. She says party, contest, election. Disha says there are seven functions, right?

Okay, so yes, there are seven functions of a political party. These of political parties, these are the seven functions. Now, in case you get a question of three marks saying, name the functions of a political party or discuss the functions of a political party, then... you just need to put it in point form. In case of a three-mark question, you could just choose any three points, minimum three points, and explain a little bit about it.

But if it is a five-mark question, then you're going to need a whole lot of points and you're going to need more explanations. So I'm going to go through this with you in detail. So first function of a political party, what does a political party do? It contests elections. We discussed this in the definition also.

We spoke, we said that a political party is a group of people that comes together to contest elections and hold power in the government. So in the definition, it talks about the function itself, right? So political parties, they stand for elections. If they win the election, then what does this party become? This party becomes the ruling party and then this party goes ahead and forms the government.

Right? This we discussed in the definition itself. Right?

Next, what does a political party do? A political party makes policies and programs. Now, what is the need of these policies and programs?

Why is this such an important function? Well, thank you Abhishek. This is the only channel I know teaches social in English and not in Hindi.

Just love your teaching ma'am. Thank you Swara. Okay, thank you Ayush. Alright, so. What do we mean by a political party makes policies and programs?

Well, why do we need these policies and programs? See, in a country that is vast, a country that is complex, especially a country like India, for example, if we're taking it into example, there are bound to be so many different opinions, there are bound to be so many different views, right? So what these political parties do is that they come together, it's a group of people who come together based on a certain ideology and then they make these policies and programs based on these ideologies or these fundamentals and this becomes what they are conveying to the to the public that we are standing for this ideology these are our policies and programs then we as citizens or we as voters what do we do we say ah i like this policy or i like this program i'm going to vote for this party so this is how the voters vote for the party and this is how the political parties basically put out their policies and programs so this is a very important function of political parties then political parties also make laws i just told you that if they come into power they form and run the government so obviously making laws would be a very important function uh in terms of this now these laws are generally discussed or discussed during the contested sometimes also you in the legislative assemblies but since most of the people over there in the legislative assembly are party members generally the laws are passed so very important function is to make laws right for menran government we've already discussed i'm not going to cover that again then what is the role of the opposition they have the function of the opposition also so opposition is that party that did not become the ruling party did not have the majority they became the opposition and they have a very important role What is their role? Their role is to create this beautiful system of balance and checks on the ruling party.

So the ruling party cannot just do whatever they want. If the opposition feels that the ruling party is not doing the correct thing, the opposition has the right to protest, right? So this is the function of the opposition. And then political parties shape public opinions.

We know that political parties are so very influential, right? In fact, most people, almost everybody knows about different political parties and relates to some political party or the other. This is why political parties are very instrumental in shaping public opinion.

So they can actually sway the public in a particular direction depending on what stand they want the public to take. And in fact, if it's an issue that is important, they can even engage with some pressure groups and then... sort of shape the public's opinion in this particular direction.

So this is a very, very important function. And the seventh function is access to government schemes. Political parties have access to government schemes and they are the people that are making the citizens aware of these government schemes.

The citizens may not have that much knowledge. So what these political parties do is that they become a sort of a link between the citizens and the government. and the government scheme, sort of, right?

And if there's ever a problem, what can the citizens do? Well, the citizens in that case would find it much easier to go to a political party with their problem or for understanding what a government scheme is about rather than going directly to a government office, right? So in this sense, they are a bridge between the citizen and the government scheme, right?

So once again, I'm going to quickly read this. We've discussed each of these political parties, these contest elections. Political parties make policies and programs. Political parties make laws. Political parties form and run governments.

Political parties have the function of the role of the opposition. Political parties shape public opinions. And political parties have access to government schemes.

Right? Yes, Tisha, it is easy to approach a party member rather than the government. And that is the idea that they form a bit of a link over here. Right? Okay, so this is in detail your functions of a political party.

Now you are equipped to handle it whether it is a 3 mark question or whether it is a 5 mark question. Alright, now let's move on to our next question which is What is the role of political parties in a democracy? Basically what we are asking over here is why do we need political parties? But wait a minute, just in the previous slide we discussed functions of a political party.

So is function and role not the same thing? Well, no it's not. There is a slight difference. Let me explain this to you with an example and then I'll actually go on to answer the question. So let us take the example of a mixer.

You all know what a mixer is, right? You have so many mixers out there in the market. So let's take the example of a mixer.

Now when we are talking about the functions of a mixer, what are we saying? We are talking about the capabilities of the mixer or we are talking about what the mixer can do, right? So what are the capabilities or the functions of a mixer? Well, a mixer can, you can tell me what are the functions of a mixer? A mixer can do what?

It can make juices. What else? What else can a mixer do?

a mixer can grind vegetables what else these are all the functions of a mixer what else can a mixer do a mixer can make chutneys all right so basically these are all the functions of a mixture mixer yes it can make chutney absolutely right divya okay so these are the functions of a mixer this is basically what a mixer can do now What would the role of the mixer be? The role of the mixer would be, why do I need this mixer in my house? I know what the functions are, the functions are written on the catalogue also, but why do I need to bring this mixer home?

How is this mixer going to help me? Well, this mixer is going to help me by reducing time, reducing effort, right? I don't have to do everything with my hand.

The mixie does it for me and it saves time and effort. And this is why I need the mixer in my house, right? So this is the role of the mixer. So when we're talking about what is the role of political parties in a democracy, we're basically saying, why do we need political parties in a democracy?

So actually, for me to think of it, philosophical question, why do we need political parties? I mean... Can't we just have independent candidates like maybe you or maybe me who stand for election and then win the election and then run the government?

Isn't it possible? Well, let me explain this. Okay. So, let us assume that we have a very simple society. Okay.

Now, in the simple society, we just have constituency A, constituency B, constituency C and constituency D. Okay. These constituencies are all...

have their own sets of problems, they are not really interconnected in any way and you have individual candidates like you and me who stand for election in these independent constituencies. We win the election, the individual wins the election and then starts, is sort of accountable for that constituency and solves the problems of each of these individual constituencies. Whichever candidate is chosen from that constituency, they go ahead and solve the problem of that constituency. Very simple, na? Well, a simple society like this exists only in probably imagination.

I'm not sure if it actually exists. Society is actually very, very complex, especially if you take such a vast country like ours, like India. It's such a vast, geographically vast country with all the states being so interconnected.

And in this sort of situation, with so many different states and such a vast country, is it possible for just one individual to be accountable to only his constituency? Obviously not, right? So what are we saying?

Can an individual be accountable for the whole country? No, obviously not. What if this individual falls sick?

What if this individual wants to quit and go home, right? Is that possible? Then what will happen?

The government will stop working. Policies and programs will come to a stop. So obviously we cannot rely on an independent candidate to run the entire country. We need a group of people and this is why we need... political parties.

Right? Correct. So, correct.

Yes, Nikesh, very beautiful answer. Just like independent single player in football can't decide where to go, single elected representatives may not be able to frame policies. Absolutely correct. Right? So, this is why we cannot have independent candidates and we need political parties.

So, let's go ahead and talk about the role a little bit more in detail. Now, we just discussed that society has become... very large and complex. If you take a country like India, a country like India has, it's so vast, it has 28 states, it has 8 union territories, there are so many different socio-economic groups, there are so many groups based on language, there are so many groups based on caste. Now, obviously, each of these own groups is going to have their own opinions about things, they're going to have their own issues, they're going to have their own interests, right?

So, political parties is a very essential feature of... representative democracy like India. Now, what is a representative democracy? A representative democracy is one where all the voices of many different social groups are heard or taken into account, right? Okay, so I just told you that there are so many different social groups.

Now, all these social groups would have their own, you know, maybe standard of living, their own problems, they would have their own... socio-economic problems or they would basically have even their own interests right so who better to represent these socio-economic groups than a member of the socio-economic group themselves let me give you an example supposing you have a specially abled person okay now specially abled person will naturally be able to understand the problems of other specially abled people much easier right and will be able to represent this community much better so and represent the interests also So which is why you have certain sections which are being represented or many sections which are being represented and this is what a representative democracy is. So like I said, there are many different views or many different opinions on various issues.

What do political parties do? Political parties basically get together. We said that it was a group of individuals that get together and these individuals have certain ideas.

or similar ideologies and they put these together and then this becomes the ideology of the party. Right? So this is the role of political parties. Then what is the role of the opposition? Well, I briefly explained this earlier.

The opposition is very very important because in a representative democracy actually the opposition makes very sure that all voices are taken into account. The role of the opposition is not just to keep rejecting everything that the ruling party does. This is not the idea of that at all. The role of the opposition is to make sure that when a certain law is being passed or when a certain policy is being put up, is this policy or program taking into account the maximum good?

Is this policy or program answering all questions? So this is what the role of the opposition is, right? And this in a macro way is basically the role of political parties in a democracy.

Right? Okay. Now, we have actually finished with this particular topic which is meaning and functions.

We are now going to be discussing our next topic which is party systems. So, let's go ahead and discuss this. This is a very easy section.

I know that all of you know this already. Right? So, we have a question that says, explain the type of party systems. Very, very easy. There are basically three types of party systems.

Okay. We have a one party system. We have a two party system and we have a multi party system.

Right. Now, I'm going to explain each of these in a short way and I'm going to be giving you examples also. So, this will become very easy for you.

Although, I know you already know this. Right. So let's go ahead and understand what is a one party system.

Now a one party system is where only one party is allowed to control and run the government. Which means that it is the same party that keeps coming into power all the time. So other parties are allowed to contest election but they almost never win over here.

So pretty much this is the same one party that is coming back again and again and again. And this is why this is called the one party system. Right?

Kanishka has already put an example saying China and Syria. Yes, that's absolutely right. Alright, two party system is when we have a power changing between two main parties. It is these two main parties that are constantly taking turns to come into power.

Again, there could be other political parties and those political parties could contest election but it's generally one of these two parties that is coming to power and this is what a two-party system is, right? Let's move on to a multi-party system. Multi-party system, yes, Vaibhav India is a multi-party system. Multi-party system is where there are several parties that can compete for power and you can have more than two parties which have a chance of coming to power. I'm going to explain this.

Let's first talk about examples of each of these kind of party systems. So, one-party system, yes. I saw a lot of people saying China. China is absolutely right. In China we have the Communist Party of China that generally comes to power.

It's called the CPC right or the Chinese Communist Party basically. So this is a one-party system. Then two-party systems you have USA and UK and for example in the USA you constantly have either the Democrats or the Republicans and this is a two-party system.

And multi-party system we know is definitely prevalent in India. So meaning of a multi-party system again is when there can be many parties that contest elections and you can have more than two parties coming to form the government. Now, in terms of a multi-party system, there are two very important words that we need to understand or terms that we need to understand and these are alliance and coalition. Both of these terms basically mean that political parties come together. But In alliance and coalition, actually they are both coming together for very very different reasons.

Let me explain these two terms for you. Let us first talk about an alliance. Alliance is a time when political parties come together but here they are coming together before elections.

They are coming together to actually contest elections and win power. Now, the way you can remember this is that A comes first. So, alliance basically comes before elections, right?

Alliance comes before coalition. This is an easy way to remember it. Now, what do I mean to say that they need to, they come together to join the hands for winning the elections?

Okay, let's say that we have a particular political party that wants to take part in elections from a particular state. Now, they don't have much influence in the state, okay? So, what do they do? They say, haan.

We don't have much influence over here but we can join hands with this X party. This X party knows the people of this state very well and if we join up with this party, then definitely we'll have a chance of winning the election. So these two parties will join up and then they will contest election together and from the voters'point of view, we say, ah, these two parties are the same party and we will vote for the party, right? So this is what an alliance is. There are some examples of alliances over here, NDA, UPA, Left Front, etc.

So alliance. Alliance comes before the coalition or before the elections, right? Now coalition.

Coalition happens afterwards. C comes after A, so coalition happens afterwards. It happens basically after the elections are over. Now coalition is formed when there is no party that has a clear majority and so you could have two or three parties coming together to get the necessary...

seats in the government and this is how they form the government okay so this is the difference between alliance and coalition and they are both very very important terms in terms of a multi-party system right yes i see a lot of examples nda and upi alliances in india aryan says after the election uh manasa says no proper majority yes absolutely right i see that you'll have your concepts down very very clearly and with this ta-da we finished the second subtopic also now we are going to be discussing national and state parties okay so in terms of national and state parties you could get a question to ask you or say explain the classification of political parties in a federal democracy now i will tell i will explain this to you but What does this question mean? They are saying, explain the classification of political parties in terms of a federal democracy. What is a federal democracy?

Anchita, you can put in your doubt. Me and the team will do our best to handle the doubt, okay? So, a federal democracy is where the power, there is a vertical sharing of power. Power is divided or shared between the central government. and the state government.

Now, we know that in terms of a federal democracy, none of these are subservient to the other, right? It's not that one is more important to the other. In fact, both of these are autonomous. Both of these have specific roles and functions.

And both of these basically derive their power from the constitution. Now, in such a setup, what is the classification of political parties, right? So, the classification of political parties in a setup like this, namely a federal democracy is that there are... two types of political parties in a federal democracy. One is national parties and one is state or regional parties.

Okay, I'm going to explain it. What is a national party? National party is one that has presence in several or all units of the federation. What do we mean by units of the federation?

We're basically talking about states, right? So a party that has a presence in many states. or all the states can be recognized as a national party, right? Or is recognized as a national party. Then, there is certain criteria for this.

I'm going to come to that later. Then, state parties are who? State parties are those that are present in only one of the federal units or basically one of the states and this is a state party, right?

Now, is there a criteria for becoming a national party or a state party? How are these parties recognized as national parties or state parties? This is what we are going to be telling you. So, you may get a question to ask you, what is the criteria for a political party to be recognized as a state party of India? Well, for a state party in India, first of all, what do they need?

They need to have 6% of the total votes of the legislative elections, assemblies of the... Legislative... Assembly elections of a state.

I'm stumbling over my words. Sorry. So they need to have 6% of the total votes. Supposing there are 100 people who have voted, right? Out of 100 people, they should have at least 6 of these votes.

And this is what is meant by 6%, right? But we're talking about the people only of the total number of people that have voted. 6% of the total number of people that have voted.

Correct? Now, apart from this, they also need another criteria. What is the criteria?

They need at least... two seats in the Legislative Assembly. Tell me, they are already getting 6% of the votes, right?

So why do they need two seats also? Isn't it the same thing? Well, it's not really the same thing because in a country like ours where a simple majority is the one that is actually in play, we know that 6% of the votes is actually only of the 6% of the total number of people who have voted. What about the people who have not voted?

There are so many people who have not voted and in this case, this 6% may not actually be enough. So they need basically also two seats in the Legislative Assembly. Right? So what do they need?

They need 6% of the total votes and they need two seats in the Legislative Assembly and this is how a party can be recognized as a state party. Moving on, let's understand the next one. What are the criteria for a political party to be recognized as a national party in India? So what is the criteria for national party? Well, they need to have 6% of the total votes in the Lok Sabha.

But here, there is an either or situation. Supposing they don't have 6% of the total votes in the Lok Sabha, they could also have had 6% of total votes in assembly elections of four states, right? So it's either this or... this.

One of these criteria have to be fulfilled, right? Now, apart from this, what do they need as the second criteria? They need, the second criteria is that they need to win at least four seats in the Lok Sabha.

So, if they have one of these and four seats in the Lok Sabha, then they are recognized as the national party or as a national party, right? So, this is a question that you could get. Talking about national parties, I have a very interesting question for you.

How many national parties do we have in India as of 2021? Come on, put in your answer. How many political parties do we have as of 2021? Well, the thing is that our textbook may tell us that the answer is 7, but actually as of 2021, yes Aryan, the textbook says 7, but The truth is, Bandana and Disha you are right, the truth is that we have 8 national parties. These are the national parties BSP, BJP, CPIM, CPI, INC, NCP, AITC and NPP.

Out of these parties, you have NPP that actually came to be recognised as a national party only in 2019. And this is why we have 8 national parties. absolutely right okay thank you sambit that's a beautiful comment we are very happy to be here and conduct these sessions for you also right yes bhagia npp is not in the textbook that's absolutely correct but this is the truth as of now that as of 2019 npp is also a national party Okay, now let us move on to our next topic, which is challenges to political parties. Are there any challenges to political parties or is it just a very clear, superb system with everything functioning perfectly?

Well, you may get a question. You may get a question to ask you what are some of the challenges faced by political parties in India and you've got to know the answer. So I'm going to discuss this with you.

Again. So this question could be a 3 mark question or it could be a 5 mark question. If it is a 3 mark question, then all you need to do is mention these 4 points over here and you are done. But if it is a 5 mark question, then you need to go into more detail, more points and that is what I am going to cover with you. So what are some of the challenges faced by political parties in India?

Well, there is lack of internal democracy, there is dynastic succession. there is growing role of money and muscle power and there is lack of provision of meaningful choice to voters. This answers your 3 mark question.

But let's go ahead into each point and discuss it so that you are taken care of for your 5 mark question also, just in case it comes. So let's explain lack of internal democracy. What does this mean? Lack of internal democracy basically means that there is concentration of power in the hands of just a few people, just one leader or very few people just under the leader, right? There are no organizational meetings, no regular internal elections.

So how are these people coming to power? They are coming by some random process which I will explain a little bit later. But they are basically, this power is concentrated in the hands of just these very very few people and nobody else has a say in the matter.

In fact, ordinary members of the party, they do not even have enough information on party decisions. So is this the correct process or is this the correct procedure to follow? Absolutely not. Things in a political party should follow a more democratic process, right, which is going to be good for our country. But unfortunately, this does not happen.

In fact, in political parties, the leadership is so strong and power is so concentrated that it is very difficult to disagree with the leadership. If you disagree with the leadership, And this is a clash between the party principles, the principles that the party stands for and the leadership. If you actually take the side of the party principles, if there is ever a clash, there is probably a high chance that that member is going to be removed from the party. And this is why I say that there is a lack of internal democracy.

There is concentration of power in the hands of a very few people. And this is not a democratic process. Right?

Correct. Power remains in the hands of a few top leaders who do not... consult ordinary members absolutely right sukhjot correct okay let's move on to discuss our next point which is dynastic succession so dynastic succession is actually quite linked to our first point of internal democracy i spoke to you that in an internal democracy a lack of internal democracy i spoke to you saying that there are very few people or powers concentrated in the hands of a very few people now why is it concentrated in the hands of these few people you Few people? Well, because there's dynastic succession.

Dynastic succession means that power is basically passed on from family member to family member. So today there is one leader, tomorrow that leader will give the leadership maybe to his son, maybe to his grandson, maybe to his niece or nephew or whoever. It's in the same family, it all remains in the same family.

Is this a democratic process? No, it's not. Is this good for the people?

No, it's not. Obviously not, right? Because what does this mean?

This means that... certain people who are actually very deserving. They don't have a chance to come to the top or come to power, positions of leadership. Why? Because they don't belong to the same family.

Isn't that absurd? But it happens, right? Or on the other hand, there are people who are not deserving at all, but these people come to positions of power.

So this is obviously very harmful for a democracy. It is not good for us because people who have no experience are coming to power and this is one of the challenges also. to political parties, right?

Yes, Bandana, it is not necessary that they are deserving. Absolutely right. Okay, then let's move on to the third point, which is growing role of money and muscle power. Now, what does this mean?

This means that some parties are only interested in coming to power and winning elections. They don't really care about anything else. So what is the way that they can win elections? Well, they want to take people into their team or into their party who are very strong and who are very influential.

Now when I say strong, what do I mean? This is what I'm talking about, muscle power. Muscle power means that these people probably, maybe, belong to criminal backgrounds and they have a lot of influence with the people, which means that they can get votes even by force.

Is this the correct thing? Absolutely not, right? So they also nominate candidates who can raise a lot of money for them, right?

Money is important, but what these people do is that when lots of people put in money into a party, eventually at the end of the day, it is these rich people who then basically want to control the policies and programs. So this is not a very democratic process either, right? It is not correct to either hire people from criminal backgrounds and it's not right to hire people without any merit or without looking at, without taking an alignment of policies and programs and just taking them into engaging them in their party for the sake of money.

Right. So this is the third reason. And let's move on to the fourth one. I'm not able to see the comments over here, please.

Can I just have the comments being able to be seen clearly, please? Yeah. Okay. And then the fourth one is lack of provision of meaningful choice to voters. What does this mean?

Why is it that voters in India, especially for example, we have so many parties, so many parties, right? But we don't have a choice. What does this mean?

Well, what do voters want? Voters want parties to offer a meaningful choice. I told you in a representative democracy, voters should have the choice of voting for a party that best suits their interests or best suits their issues, right? But in a place like India, even though there are so many parties, if you actually go down to it and you actually understand the ideologies of these parties, you will find that most of these parties have very few ideological differences, meaning they're more or less same in ideology, they're more or less same in fundamentals. So then where is the choice for the voters, right?

Even in terms of economic policies, there's not really much choice. They're all pretty much saying the same thing. And so... Where is the choice?

People who want a different choice or different policies, there are no options available. And this is what is meant by lack of provision of meaningful choice to voters. Also, if you think of different leaders, right, what is happening?

You have the same set of leaders that are being recycled from one party to the other constantly. So you may vote for a leader, you don't like that leader, but eventually tomorrow you want to vote for another party and that leader has shifted to that party. Where is the choice over here, right? Because it's the same set of people that are circulating, right?

So this is what is meant by lack of meaningful choice to the voters. And with this, we have effectively covered all four points of what are some of the challenges faced by political parties in India. Can you please tell me whether you have to learn state parties? Well, it's a good thing to learn it. We're going to be covering the...

I've already covered the national parties a little bit. In fact... Talking about the national parties, I want to go, I will tell you that we saw a whole lot of symbols of the national parties, right?

Now, in terms of the national parties, they all have different ideologies. They all have different symbols, which I did not discuss with you over here. These you will find in your textbook.

So please definitely go through these different ideologies of the national parties. And it would be a good idea for you to go through the state parties also because you never know where you're going to get the question from. From our side over here, what we've done is we've not gone too much into detail. We focused on the more important topics that we thought were more important over here.

But learning is always a good thing. So please go ahead and learn it for sure. Right.

Okay. And with this, we have finished challenges to political parties. Let's move on to our... last one you want the last point again amal the last point is basically i'm saying showing this to you of amal the last point is lack of provision of meaningful choice to voters which means that even though there are a lot of parties there are very few fundamental differences between one party to the other and so the people do not have much of a choice right this is the last point and with this we are going to move on to the last topic for today which is How can parties be reformed? So we've spoken about the challenges, but is it all dark news or is there some good news also?

Well, there are some reforms that have been put down. We've got a question that you may get to say, what are some of the measures introduced in India to reform political parties? Reform means make things better, improve, right? So this is basically improving on the challenges that are faced by political parties, right?

Yes Anushka, you will need to learn the name of political parties. It is a little helpful, definitely. Depends on how much time you have and at what stage of learning your syllabus you are at. We are focusing on the most important topic, so this is definitely the largest chunk of the chapter. But anything extra that you have time to learn, it's always a good thing.

So please go ahead and learn it. Yes Chitra, we are coming to Menti. Yes Mirza, we will come to Menti. Let me just finish this last section.

Okay. Thank you, Nibash. She says, you're the best teacher of SST. I love learning SST from you. Thank you so much.

Ma'am, you make SST very, very easy. Thank you, Disha. Okay.

What are some of the measures introduced in India to reform political parties? Well, there are reforms at three levels. These are the Constitution Amendment, there is the Supreme Court Order, and there is the Election Commission's Order. What do each of these say? The Constitution Amendment means that there has been an amendment or a change in the Constitution to be able to reform this political party system or the challenges of the political parties.

Now, you know what used to happen? Do you know what defection is? Earlier, there used to be political parties who would get votes, they would get power in the government, and then as soon as they come and they get power or they win, what do they do?

They change their party. Now imagine this. Me as a voter, I have voted for that particular candidate or that particular party because I like the ideology of that party. Right.

And now as soon as this person has got power, what is this person does? He's changed his party. So the person that I vote for has changed his ideology. Is that fair to me as a voter? Right.

No, it's not. So this is what defection is. And constitution amendment is basically the amendment that is put in the constitution or the reform that is put is basically anti defection.

Now, there is an amendment or it is written over there to say that if any MLA or MP changes their parties after coming to power, then he or she will lose their seat in the legislature. And I think this is an excellent move because at least who we voted for and what we voted for, if that person comes to power, should remain the same, right? So this is the constitution amendment and this is great news, right?

Next. We have the Supreme Court order. What does the Supreme Court order say?

Supreme Court order has made it mandatory or compulsory for every candidate who is contesting in the elections to file an affidavit giving details of his property and criminal cases against him. Which means he has to declare what are all his assets. He has to say what is all my property and we will get to know whether he is actually a goonda or a criminal or something of the sort.

So... What does this mean? This basically means that this order gives me, a voter, more information about the candidate that I am voting for, right? So this is again very, very important.

And the third is the election commission's order, which has made it necessary for political parties to hold their organizational elections and file their income tax returns. Now, hold organizational elections obviously is to... bring about more equality or more democracy in the party because i just told you that some time back that there is lack of internal democracy and power is concentrated in the hands of a very few people so this election commission's orders actually to take care of that uh it is a reform it is on paper however it's a sad thing that this is not really in practice unfortunately power is still concentrated in the hands of a few people but Since this is a reform that has been put down, it's good news because things are looking up. Maybe at some point very soon this will change, right?

So this is what they're supposed to do and they're supposed to file their income tax returns to give them more financial transparency of how the money is being spent, right? So this is about the reforms to political parties. And with that, we have finished this entire chapter.

We have understood. the meaning and functions of political parties. Here we also spoke about the components of the political party. We spoke about the role of the political party also.

Here you could get questions either in one mark questions or in combination with other questions, making it a three mark question or a five mark question. But this is something that you need to understand. Okay.

And if you have not understood it, you can always go back to our video. It's going to be there for you on YouTube and you can follow the session again and you will get your answer. Okay, then we spoke about party system. There are three types of party system.

One party system, two party system, three party system. We gave you examples for each of this. We spoke about understanding national and state parties.

We spoke about the criteria with which a national party can, thank you, Daman, can be recognized as a national party or a state party. We spoke about the challenges to political parties. There were four points over here, which was lack of internal democracy.

We spoke of dynastic succession. we spoke about a growing role of money and muscle power and we spoke about what else did we speak about what was the fourth one lack of meaningful choice to voters right and then we spoke about how parties can be reformed there are reforms at what levels at the level of the constitution there is a supreme court order and there is an election commission order and with this we have finished everything somebody asked me for a recap So I've very quickly given you a quick recap of what we've covered today. I'm sorry the time doesn't allow for me to go into detail or give you a detailed recap.

But like I said, if you feel you've missed something or you feel you want more understanding of something, this session is available for you on the 8.9.10 channel. So please do visit it again and understand whatever it is that you feel you need to understand more. And with this, we finish this chapter.

So for all of you who've been waiting for Menti, actually, I've also been waiting for this. So please go to www.menti.com. Use the code 63081471. This is very important.

Please go to www.menti.com. Use the code 630. 81471. I'm going to be waiting for you. Alright, so do not exit from this session, just go to Menti.

Alright, has everyone come to www.menti.com? Have you put in the code? Sukjot has given me some very nice comment which I saw but now it's lost over here.

Jaivir says, ma'am, but today's political parties is like that. Only somebody is becoming... May I have that comment of Jaivir coming up, please? The person who is not deserving that is becoming the president, prime minister, etc.

It's corruption. What's the change? Yes, Jaivir, that is... true but this is the reality but it is changing right slowly but surely things are changing and the reforms that we spoke about will also help right sambit says very nice explanation ma'am now i'm confident about this chapter thank us a lot by juice thank you sambit and sukjot says ma'am i'm grateful for your support uh and again i lost that comment i'm really really sorry i can't but i know that it was a very good comment right okay so you yes, Sambit says, I'm confident about this chapter, I read that already, okay, so, menti.com, we have, we're going to be starting very, very soon, so, have all of y'all gotten, I'm waiting for everybody, Suresh says, you are a master teacher and my favorite, thank you so much, yay, we have so many people over here, all right, great, Yashal says, join, Ayush says, join, Disha says, join, And Ania says, I've randomly reached this session and I'm liking it.

Great, Ania, good to see you. Hope you come again. And let us start.

I'm going to be starting with my first question for today. Are you ready? I love lentils. Yes. Okay, question number one.

Come on, come on, come on, come on, come on. Bhagyasar, my logo is a crown. Okay. Which of the following reasons can be attributed to the necessity of political parties in modern democracies? Is it to ensure welfare policies?

Need to conduct elections? Representative democracy or effective decision making? Come on, we have discussed this.

So put in your answers. Speed is the thrill here. Come on, come on, come on.

I really love Menti. Hey, so after this, once you put your answers in, we're going to be taking a look at the leaderboard, okay? And that's going to be a lot of fun also. All right, put in your answers. I know you know the answer.

So come on. Time's up. What is the correct answer?

Well, the correct answer is yes, representative democracy. We have 37 people who have given us the correct answer. Super, super job.

Even if you haven't given the correct answer, it's not a problem. This is where we learn, right? So maybe you just need to read the question a little bit more carefully next time.

Let us take a look at my favorite part, which is the leadable. All right. and I love to see who's going to, so I'm going to announce who is the fastest in each round, okay, and it's not a big deal, if you don't, if you're not the fastest, I somehow, I play this many, so many times, I'm never really the fastest, so it really doesn't matter, the most important thing is that we are all learning, and we're putting in the right answer, and even if we're not putting in the right answer, that's how we're learning, so the focus should be learning, right, and if we've done a particular thing, competition should be with ourselves, which means, Now I've got it wrong, next time I'll get it right, right?

That's the only thing we should look at. And the fastest person over here is Aksh Patel from class 9. Congratulations, Aksh. Let's move on to our next question, which is question 2 out of 10. Urmila says, hello, ma'am, new to your class.

Hi, Urmila, welcome. And question 2 says, okay, I'm waiting for it also. Come on, abracadabra. Oh, I forgot to...

I got so excited I forgot to press the enter button. My fault, sorry. Which of the following necessitates the reason to the emergence of representative democracy? Is it welfare programs, complex social structures, conduct elections or decision making? We just learnt about this.

Come on, you know the answer. I know you know the answer. Please put in your answers super, super fast.

And Anshita says, Papi, I am also 34th. It doesn't matter. The position doesn't really matter as long as we've learnt.

Right? Okay. And then, time's up. What is the correct answer? Well, 45 people have given the correct answer which is complex social structures.

This is absolutely right. Let us take a look at the leaderboard. Congratulations all of you.

And leaderboard says, let's see who's the fastest this time. And we have Akshat who is the fastest and Ananya who is the fastest. See, this is great news. So it means that you always have the chance to come up and do better, right?

So this is great news. Let's move on to the next question, which is the third question, 3 out of 10. And now I remember to press enter. Last time I forgot.

Okay, which among the following is not a component of a political party? Ah, so easy. Citizens, active members, followers or leaders? We just discussed this. You should know this question very, very well.

Come on. All right, all right, all right. Quickly put in your answers. Time's up. Yes.

Citizens is not a component of the political party. Political party only has leaders, active members and followers. Well done. And we take a look at the leaderboard again.

Leaderboard says, who is the fastest? Let it appear. Who?

I keep saying this. I really feel like Harry Potter and the Magician when the leaderboard comes up because I'm like making things and things are coming up like that. I'm having a lot of fun. And this time, Yashar is the fastest. Super job, Yashar.

I see that you answer your questions also very nicely on the channel and in our sessions. So congratulations. Very, very nice.

All of you, great job. Let's move on to our next question, which is question 4 out of 10. Let's take a look and see what the question says. Identify the country that follows the two-party system.

Quite easy. India, China, United States of America or Cuba. We just discussed this.

So, come on, come on, come on. Put in your answers. I know you know the answer. Right.

What is the answer? Knives up? Yes! 89 people have said United States of America. That is absolutely right.

We spoke about the two major parties, which is the Democratic Party and the Republican Party that mainly come to power in USA. And this is the correct answer. Let us take a look at the leaderboard again. Yes, UK is also correct, but UK was not given to us as an option over here.

And so the correct answer we've got down as USA. Who is the fastest? FZN is the fastest.

Super job. I love the fact that right now we have different different people coming up as the fastest. So this is great. It means that your speed is improving and obviously you know it so well that you're able to put in the answer the fastest. That's very very good.

And all of you who got it correct, great job again. And if you did, no problem. Okay, let's move on.

Question number 5 out of 10. Let's see what it says. Okay, question number five says, which of the following is a disadvantage of the multi-party system? Free competition, more representation, concentration of power or political instability?

Come on, think about it. Actually, if you know the basics, this is actually very easy to say what will be the problem over here or what would be the disadvantage of a multi-party system. Come on, put in your answers. And I see some answers coming up over here already.

Time's up. Yes, D is the correct answer, Lasya. It is political instability.

47 people have given the correct answer. Things are bound to be more stable when you don't have that many parties, right? So that's one of the disadvantages, but then there are advantages and disadvantages of all systems. Okay, let's move on to our next question, which, oh, sorry, leaderboard.

I forgot. Leaderboard says, who is the fastest? Akshat, you're the fastest. Yay, well done.

All of you, super, super job. Let's move on to our next question. Question number 6 out of 10. And we're waiting for the question.

Identify the criteria for a party to be qualified as a national party. We just discussed this. 6% of the total votes in the Rajya Sabha.

6% of total votes in Rajya Sabha and 4 seats in Rajya Sabha. 6% of total votes in Lok Sabha. 6% of total votes in Lok Sabha and 4 seats in the Lok Sabha.

We've just discussed this. This should be easy peasy for you. Come on, put in your answers.

Quickly, Keshvi is saying D. Bhagya is saying D. Sambit is saying D. Well, we shall see.

Yes, time's up and correct. The answer is D. Easy peasy.

Yashar is absolutely right. 6% of the total votes in the Lok Sabha and 4 seats in the Lok Sabha is absolutely correct to be recognized as a national party. And for a state party, I told you 6% of the total votes and 2 seats.

in the legislative assembly right okay i'm just giving a quick recap okay actually it was not needed okay next uh leaderboard leaderboard leaderboard leaderboard and what does our leaderboard say come on sanvi is the fastest yay sanvi very good very well done congratulations to all kr sister says hi ma'am i'm a new student hi welcome Always good to have new students here and welcome my old two. 7 out of 10. Let's see what the question says. All right.

How many national parties are there in India? We just learnt about this. 5, 6, 7 or 8. Quickly, quickly, quickly, quickly.

We know what the correct answer is. Should I give you a hint? Should I give you a clue? Okay, I won't.

I won't. Well, go ahead. Put in the correct answer. The correct answer is yes.

The correct answer is D. It is as of 2019, it is eight parties, right? So in 2021, we have eight national parties.

Absolutely correct. And let us take a look at the leaderboard once again. Leaderboard. Suraj loves Tarana ma'am teaching.

So sweet. Thank you, Suraj. That's what my leaderboard says.

I love it. Yay. Okay, Kashif is the fastest. Very good, Kashif.

Congratulations. I love that I'm seeing different, different, different names over here being the fastest. Great job, all of you, truly.

And a big congratulations to those who got it right. Very, very good. And even if you don't, now you know the answer.

And let's move on to question 8 out of 10. We're slowly coming to the end of the quiz. It's a lovely thing, but I also feel sad when the quiz comes to an end. Which of the following is a regional or a state party?

Indian National Lok Dal, Bahujan Samaj Party, Bharatiya Janata Party, Nationalist Congress Party. Well, quickly, quickly go on. I discussed the names of the national parties with you. I read out, right? So you should know which one was not on the list.

Ankita has already put in the answer. What she says is the answer. Yes.

Indian National Lok Dal is the correct answer. We have 63% who have given the correct answer. 63 people who have put in the correct answer.

Very well done. Yes, Indian National Lok Dal Yashar. Correct.

And leaderboard. Akshat is the fastest again. Very well done.

Congratulations. Let's move on to our second last question, which is question 9 out of 10. And Seraphim sisters, yes, you can join now. We're sort of ending, but join anyway.

Which of the following statements is true? Lack of internal democracy is a challenge faced by many political parties. Dynastic succession within parties does not affect democracy.

A country with a two-party system cannot be considered democratic, and political parties are incapable of shaping public opinion. Put in the correct answer. I know that you know the correct answer.

Put it in. Ankita says A. Yashar says A. Radhya says A. Let's see.

Let's see. We will see. Time is up. And the correct answer is A.

Absolutely right. 67 people have given the correct answer. Let's take a look at the leaderboard. I should like wear a hat and like hold a wand or something also over here. It's like makes me feel really good.

Okay. Fastest is winter. Congratulations, winter. Congratulations to all of you who gave the correct answer.

And again, no problem if you didn't. And we have our last question, which is 10 out of 10. And let's see what the question says. Which of the following was an order given by the Election Commission of India? Is it internal affairs of parties have to be regulated by a central agency?

It is mandatory for parties to give one third of the total tickets to women. Elections should be state funded or political parties have to hold organizational elections. I. just discussed this yeah she says ma'am love your teaching and by juice is the best thank you very much and due to network issue i'm now in 15th place no problem yes it's really not about the position it's about how much we're learning right and you're learning very very well so that's good and time is up and well the correct answer is political parties have to hold organizational elections and they have to basically file their IT returns.

That is what the election commission's order is. This is the correct answer. 28 people got it right. Let us take a look at the leaderboard.

Ma'am, please start 9th class SST and don't ignore me. Nibha, how can we ever ignore you, Nibha? And you will be posted when we start our sessions.

Most definitely, okay? And the leaderboard says, Suraj loves Tarana Ma'am. Teaching has the highest number of points.

Superb! congratulations to you congratulations to all of you all of y'all have done a super super job i know that y'all are going to max all the questions from this chapter it's actually a very easy peasy chapter as my students keep telling me easy peasy new word i've learned so i know that easy peasy for you uh you will be able to crack all the questions and if you ever have any doubts you can always refer to the videos that we have on the app or you can revisit this session on youtube right So, like I always tell you, we have you covered all the way. We had you covered in your Term 2 exams.

We had you covered in your Term 1 exams and now in your Term 2 exams. Attend your free trial classes, please. This is very important.

The link is in the description box. Attend the classes. It will be very, very good for you to brush up concepts. And we have an upcoming session.

Thank you, Avarna. She says super session. We have the next session on the outcomes of democracy on the 4th of February 2022. This is at 5 p.m. So please make sure that you attend because again, revision is always a great thing. Right?

Anuj says liked it. Thank you very much. And like I said, we've got you covered all through. So stay connected. Keep attending all the sessions and all the best for your exams.

Thank you.

Transcript for:Overview of Political Parties and Systems

Transcript for:
Overview of Political Parties and Systems