Synthesis of Sentences

Overview

• Synthesis of a Sentence: Combining two or more simple sentences into one sentence (simple, compound, or complex) while keeping the meaning identical to the individual sentences.
• Example:
  • Simple Sentences: He saw the police. He ran away.
  • Combined: Seeing the police, he ran away. (One finite verb and one subject, present participle used)

Methods to Combine Simple Sentences

1. Verb (Non-Finite Verbs)

   • Present Participle: When two actions by the same subject occur closely.
     • Example: Rohan saw a lion. Rohan ran away. -> Seeing a lion, Rohan ran away.
   • Perfect Participle: When there's a gap between two actions.
     • Example: He played cricket. He went to the office. -> Having played cricket, he went to the office.
   • Infinitive: Used to express purpose or result.
     • Example: Rohan ran fast. He wanted to get first prize. -> Rohan ran fast to get first prize.
     • Example: He is very tired. He cannot run. -> He is too tired to run.

2. Adjective

   • Combines sentences by describing a noun.
     • Example: I saw an elephant. The elephant was a giant. -> I saw a giant elephant.
     • Example: I found my wallet. It was lost. -> I found my lost wallet.

3. Noun in Apposition

   • Adds more information about a noun.
     • Example: I went to Gandhinagar. Gandhinagar is the capital of Gujarat. -> I went to Gandhinagar, the capital of Gujarat.
     • Example: Ramesh is my friend. Ramesh lives in my neighborhood. -> Ramesh, my friend, lives in my neighborhood.

4. Preposition or Prepositional Phrase

   • Uses prepositions to combine sentences.
     • Example: I made my best efforts. I could not pass the exam. -> In spite of my best efforts, I could not pass the exam.
     • Example: I bought a pencil. I gave 20 rupees for it. -> I bought a pencil for 20 rupees.

5. Adverbs or Adverbial Phrases

   • Uses adverbs to provide additional information.
     • Example: Virat Kohli is a great cricketer. It is certain. -> Virat Kohli is certainly a great cricketer.
     • Example: The sunset, the boys had not finished the game. -> The boys had not finished the game by sunset.

6. Conjunction

   • Uses conjunctions to combine sentences.
     • Example: Ramesh played cricket. Shyam played cricket. -> Ramesh and Shyam played cricket.
     • Example: Ajay can read. Ajay can write. -> Ajay can read and write.

7. Nominative Absolute

   • Combines sentences when one shows cause and the other result, with different subjects.
     • Having + Verb's Third Form: When the first sentence shows a completed action.
       • Example: The teacher entered the class. The students became silent. -> The teacher having entered the class, the students became silent.
     • Having Been + Verb's Third Form: When the first sentence is in passive voice.
       • Example: The work was done. We went back home. -> The work having been done, we went back home.
     • Being: When 'is', 'am', 'are', 'was', 'were' are in active voice.
       • Example: It is a holiday. We will not go to school. -> It being a holiday, we will not go to school.

Summary

• Seven Ways: Verb, Adjective, Noun in Apposition, Preposition, Adverb, Conjunction, and Nominative Absolute
• Exercise: Combine the following sentences:
  1. He saw a snake. He ran quickly.
  2. Jai went to Delhi. Delhi is the capital of India.
  3. Ankita saw a dog. The dog was barking.
• Recap: All methods summarized at the end.

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