Lecture Notes: Mr. Taran Pani's Exclusive Session

Introduction

• Special channel for ICSE board
• Day one covers the first seven chapters of history and two chapters of civics
• Day two includes all the remaining chapters
• All materials or classes available for free

Main Topics

Prime Minister and Council of Ministers

• Union Executive: Implementing government policies as per the Constitution
• Parliamentary form of government in the country
• Head known as President, real executive is the Prime Minister

Types of Council of Ministers

• Cabinet Ministers: Hold the most important portfolios
• Minister of State: Below the cabinet, not necessarily holding independent charge
• Deputy Ministers: Most junior, assistants to senior ministers

Relationship between Prime Minister and President

• President acts on the advice of the Prime Minister
• The Prime Minister selects and can dismiss the cabinet
• The Prime Minister is the spokesman of the country

Collective and Individual Responsibility

• Collective Responsibility: All ministers support the government’s policy
• Individual Responsibility: Ministers are responsible for their departments

Forward Bloc

• Established by Subhas Chandra Bose
• Differences with Gandhi
• Objectives: End of Zamindari system, new monetary system

Judiciary

Supreme Court

• Supreme court of the judiciary in India
• Chief Justice of India: Supreme Judge
• Main functions: Protecting fundamental rights, settling disputes

High Court and Subordinate Courts

• State's highest court: High Court
• District Courts: District court

Lok Adalat

• People's court, no court fee, quick decisions

Effects of World War

Causes of World War I

• Aggressive nationalism, imperialism
• Arms race for war

Causes of World War II

• Dissatisfaction with Treaty of Versailles terms
• Aggressive policies of Hitler and Mussolini
• Failure of League of Nations

United Nations

Objectives

• Establishing world peace
• Conditions for membership: Peace-loving country

Main Organs

• General Assembly: One representative from each member country
• Security Council: 15 members, 5 permanent
• International Court of Justice: Judicial body, located in The Hague

Main Agencies

• UNICEF: Child protection
• WHO: World Health Organization
• UNESCO: Promoting education, science, and culture

Conclusion

• Need for peace and security understood after World War II
• Non-Aligned Movement: Policy of not joining any power bloc

Note: Focus only on important points, listen to the lecture again for details.