Lecture on Motivation, Emotion, and Stress

Introduction

• Presenter: Iman
• Practice problem set based on Chapter 5 lecture

Problem 1: Types of Motivation

• Question: A college student aims for better GPA than his brother.
• Options:
  • Extrinsic motivation
  • Intrinsic motivation
  • Primary drive
  • Secondary drive
• Key Concepts:
  • Motivation: Purpose/driving force behind actions.
  • Extrinsic Motivation: External circumstances.
  • Intrinsic Motivation: Internal drive.
  • Primary Drives: Related to bodily processes.
  • Secondary Drives: Stem from learning (accomplishments, ambitions).
• Answer: Extrinsic motivation (due to competitive nature).

Problem 2: Performance Anxiety

• Question: Teenager's pitch changes when performing in front of audience.
• Options:
  • Drive reduction theory
  • Instinct approach theory
  • Maslow's hierarchy of needs
  • Yerkes-Dodson law
• Key Concepts:
  • Instincts, Arousal, Drives, and Needs: Primary factors in motivation.
  • Yerkes-Dodson Law: Optimal performance at medium arousal. Over/under arousal leads to poor performance.
• Answer: Yerkes-Dodson law (high arousal from nervousness results in poor performance).

Problem 3: Drive Reduction Theory

• Question: Seeking homeostasis to reduce internal tension.
• Answer: Drive reduction theory.

Problem 4: Universal Emotions

• Question: Identifying emotions recognizable across cultures.
• Seven Universal Emotions: Anger, Contempt, Disgust, Enjoyment/Happiness, Fear, Sadness, Surprise.
• Answer: A (Happiness, Sadness, Surprise).

Problem 5: Components of Emotion

• Question: Components of experiencing emotion.
• Key Components: Cognitive, Behavioral, Physiological.
• Answer: C (Physiological, Cognitive, Behavioral).

Problem 6: Theories of Emotion

• Question: “I noticed my heart racing, so I am afraid.”
• Theories Discussed:
  • James-Lange Theory: Physiological arousal leads to emotion labeling.
  • Cannon-Bard Theory: Simultaneous arousal and cognitive response lead to action.
  • Schachter-Singer Theory: Arousal and context interpretation lead to emotion.
• Answer: James-Lange Theory.

Problem 7: Instinct Theory and Evolution

• Question: Theory of motivation informed by Darwin's evolution theory.
• Answer: Instinct Theory (innate behaviors drive actions).

Problem 8: Cannon-Bard Theory of Emotion

• Question: Simultaneous processing of emotions and physiological activation.
• Answer: Cannon-Bard Theory.

Problem 9: Brain Regions and Emotion

• Question: Brain regions involved in emotional regulation.
• Answer Choices: Amygdala, Prefrontal Cortex, Basal Ganglia, Thalamus
• Answer: C (Basal Ganglia not involved in emotional regulation).

Problem 10: Frontal Lobe Activity

• Question: High activity in the left frontal lobe.
• Answer: Happiness (positive feelings associated with the left frontal lobe).

Problem 11: Stress Appraisal

• Question: Intensity and risk assessment of stressor.
• Stages Discussed: Primary Appraisal (initial assessment), Secondary Appraisal (ability to cope).
• Answer: Secondary Appraisal (intensity and risk evaluation).

Problem 12: Positive Stress Response

• Question: Medical student uses workout to manage stress.
• Types of Stress: Distress (negative), Eustress (positive).
• Answer: Eustress (positive response helps tackle stress).

Problem 13: Types of Conflict

• Question: Conflict associated with the least stress.
• Types:
  • Approach-Approach: Two attractive options (least stress).
  • Avoidance-Avoidance: Two negative options.
  • Approach-Avoidance: One option with both positive and negative aspects.
  • Avoidance-Escape: Seek to escape but no clear avoidance strategy.
• Answer: A (Approach-Approach).

Problem 14: Alarm Stage of Stress

• Question: Response to seeing a spider and immediate physiological reaction.
• Stages Discussed: Alarm (initial reaction), Resistance, Exhaustion.
• Answer: Alarm Stage.

Problem 15: Adaptive vs. Maladaptive Stress Responses

• Question: Identifying maladaptive stress responses.
• Options: Drug use, Social withdrawal, Progressive muscle relaxation, Avoiding stressor.
• Answer: Progressive muscle relaxation (adaptive and reduces stress).

Conclusion

• Completed practice problem set on Motivation, Emotion, and Stress.
• Encouragement for questions and further studies.