well hello there my fellow homies welcome back for another module of the CompTIA a plus today we're going to be covering module 11 which is managing Windows previously we were covering configuring Windows these two are not to be confused with one another if you are new on a channel this is the second module in Core 2 of a plus if you haven't watched the previous modules yet I highly encourage you to go and check those out first you can find all of those on the channel but I do follow on one another the S4 what we'll be covering today there is two main sections the first of which is management consoles that's going to be a lot of fun the second is performance and troubleshooting tools all right before we go into that first section guys if you haven't done it already you should know the drill by now if you've watched this many modules please give the video a like this is to help folks out there that doesn't have money for resources or just to help people out there in general and if you'd like to well I suppose to become a follower or just know when the video has become live maybe subscribe let's go into that first section that is management consoles the first Management console we're going to be taking a look at today is device manager chances are this console as well as the majority of the other ones that I'm going to mention to you guys in this module you probably know them you've probably heard of them but maybe you don't know everything about them maybe you don't know how to use them yet when it comes to device manager if you don't know what it looks like there is a bit of a picture for you guys for time being I'll give you guys a practical demo in just a couple of moments so with regards to device manager there is multiple ways we can go about opening it and I'll show you guys that in the demo but besides the GUI methods which includes but it's not limited to right clicking on the start button on Windows 10 or 11 you can also go to your run or you can go to your search engine at the bottom left and you can go and type in defmgmt.msc pretty much all the consoles and windows have something you can go and type in to get them to open you can go to task manager and you can go and say new task you can go type stuff in there too if you really want to that floats your boat but it is very unlikely you're probably gonna go and use this most of us including myself just use the GUI because it's quicker and it's easier now why do we use the device manager 4 you might ask well as you can see then the picture it shows you all the hardware devices that's currently installed on your specific machine so if you've got a hard drive for multiple hard drives they will be listed there if you've got a graphics card if you've got a printer a scanner a webcam and so on and so forth every one of those things will be listed under device manager so there you can see them there you can go and do something called updating your devices more specifically updating the drivers of those devices because the driver is something you're going to need for that device to actually work in the end of the day so if you just go and plug in some sort of new piece of Hardware onto your laptop desktop or whatever it is we're talking about here natively your Windows operating system is not going to understand that piece of equipment it's not going to be able to communicate with that piece of equipment that is where drivers come in drivers is kind of like a middle name if we want to call it something think of it as a translator so if you are speaking English and this other person is speaking Spanish or whatever there's going to be a communication gap obviously so what we need for you to be able to communicate with someone that speaks a different language is a translator yep so that translator ideally needs to be fluent in both languages otherwise there's going to be a bit of a miscommunication um but let's say for argument's sake this translate that does communicate in both languages but just not fluently does that mean there's going to be no communication no there's probably going to be communication it's just not going to be fluent from time to time there's going to be a slight miscommunication the same concept folks applies to your drivers so you need to have the right driver for communication to occur correctly and for your device to work correctly if you don't have the exact correct driver especially if it's not a signed driver that does not necessarily mean this device in question will not work it just means it might not work correctly yep so what you can also go and do in the device manager is you can go and view which devices have been disabled so disabled devices you yourself can go and disable these devices or enable these devices something we'll show you guys as well practically because you're going to get asked about that in the exam you can go and check if there's no driver installed for a device or even incorrect driver has been installed also something you need to know for the exam you can go on uninstall the device here if need be something it's very unlikely to happen you know I don't know anyone that ever goes in here to uninstall devices but that doesn't mean it doesn't happen you might need to go and do it one day and this is one of the places you can go and do it all right so enough talk let's show you guys practically what this looks like and where we can actually find device manager so I'm going to switch over to a virtual machine running in a background which is Windows 11 so switching over a few moments later right folks so here we are on that Windows 11 virtual machine I spoke of so how do we access device manager how do we access that console there's many ways and I'm not talking about the commands I talked about earlier as you can go and type in the quickest way the most efficient way and quite frankly my favorite way of doing it is just to go and right click on start that method works on both windows 11 as well as Windows 10 so we're currently Windows 11 and that's most likely what you guys are going to be using going forward so start button in Windows 11 if you guys don't remember this year in the middle there it is you can see there it is you right click on start and if you scroll up far enough there's device manager and you can actually see some of the other consoles which we're going to be talking about in this course as well like Disk Management that is another one we're going to be talking about and that is also one of the methods you can go and access Disk Management so you can do the exact same concept for Windows 10 um the only difference is I'm going to stand the start buttons obviously going to be here at the bottom left other than that same menu you're also going to find device manager there you can go and type it into search you can probably go find it on the administrative tools you can go to Microsoft's Management console if you know what that is you can go and add as a snap in there is a million and one ways you can go and access it so there we go I'm gonna go click on that bad boy so we can get a bit of an idea what it looks like there you guys can see firsthand what it looks like so I'm going to zoom in here a bit for you guys a little bit closer so you can see a little bit more clearer what the heck is going on here so there we go all right so what we see here folks these are categories of devices installed on this computer virtual computer whatever this might be to look at something like this one here it says disks you have if you have at least one hard drive in your computer which is going to be the case obviously it will be listed here most of the time for most of us it'll only be one hard drive but if you have a second or a third hard drive it's not gonna create a new category instead it's just gonna throw it under the existing category because it's not something new you're just adding something more of something you have already so the only time you'll get a new category is if you install in something entirely new and unique something you didn't have on your machine before let's say you didn't have a printer and now you decide hey I want to go and acquire myself a printer you're going to install that printer and then you're gonna find in this list suddenly it's going to be a new category called printers or something yep and if you're going to install a second printer then you're not going to get a new category because obviously you had a printer already it's just gonna list it under the existing category of course now what we see here currently that is more or less what we wanted to see look like but there's going to be times folks when it's not going to look like this what do I mean by that well sometimes you're going to find a little bit of a yellow exclamation mark of sorts on some of these devices now that can mean one of two things it can either mean there is no driver installed for that device at all or it can mean the incorrect driver is currently installed so that's what Microsoft says now Microsoft doesn't tell you statistically what the chances are of the one or the other let's just say it can be those two things now from experience folks I can tell you when using exclamation mark about 95 to 99 of the time it's going to mean no drivers installed only one to five percent of the time will it mean incorrect drivers installed now why is that it is because for the most part your machine will not know when it installs the wrong driver so if you go and install something like a printer and you're gonna add the driver for that printer your machine for the most part will assume that is the correct driver because you installed that driver that's what's gonna happen the only way you're going to know that's the wrong driver you know besides an exclamation up but that's probably not going to pop up is when you want to use a stock printing something and it doesn't want to print or it misbehaves in some sort of way it misaligns it makes a mess it prints skew it doesn't run a print at all it prints weird symbols it looks like Egyptian symbols its job that's basically what's going to happen so as soon as it misbehaves in some sort of way that is normally when you're going to come to the conclusion and you know what boys and girls I think this might be the wrong driver and that usually is the case so for the most part the machine would not know it's the wrong driver it's just gonna assume it's the right driver even though it might not be so when you see an exclamation mark folks in real life that's a 95 chance it is no driver has been installed and you or someone is going to have to go and find that driver which is not that hard and you're gonna have to go to install it now when do we actually see an exclamation mark for incorrect driver the only time I've actually seen that folks is if you take the hard drive out of one laptop or desktop and you transplant it into a different laptop with desktop like an organ transplant I kid you not so if you've got a hard drive let's assume this is your main hard drive that's got windows installed and you take that out of your laptop or desktop and you put into a different laptop or desktop as soon as you start that Windows operate system for the first time and it is going to work it's gonna see hang on a moment my motherboard has changed my CPU has changed my network card has changed etc etc and at the same time it's going to see okay I see all this Hardware has changed but the drivers have not changed therefore I come to the conclusion that the drivers might be incorrect that's the only time you will see an exclamation mark for incorrect drivers is when you go and transplant a hard drive from what I've seen I'm not saying that as a rule but from experience that's the only times I've ever seen it folks alright so we've talked about the exclamation mark there's actually going to be an exhibit in the exam so sometimes they give you an exhibit question so instead of asking your normal multiple choice question where you're gonna have to go and choose one out of four possible answers sometimes in the exam they will give an exhibit or they will say please refer to the exhibit and when you click on the button that says exhibit it's going to open a screenshot of something in this case you folks are going to see a screenshot of device manager and in the exam it's gonna one of the things you might see in that screenshot is a yellow exclamation mark and this they're going to ask you this is an example of what or they might say user one complains he or she cannot do the following what could be a possible reason for this please refer to the exhibit and when you look at the exhibit you're going to see an exclamation mark and that means the device has no driver installed or incorrect driver now if you're concerned about getting both those answers in the exam and not knowing which one to choose between don't worry about it I've seen it and never give you both of those because they're both equally correct I mean statistically in real life we know that one has got a heck of a lot higher chance of happening but the exam is not like that the exam sees them both as equally correct so you'll only get the one or the other whichever one you get that is your answer if you get a real exclamation mark now another one you're going to get which is also an exhibit question it's also about device manager I'm not saying you're going to guarantee this could get this question but it isn't the pool of possible questions is a little white circle with a black arrow pointing downwards I'm going to try my best to replicate this so let me see here what can I do this on uh do we have sound on this virtual machine I think so what can I disable so let's go here maybe to see DVD Roman I don't need that that is just a waste on this virtual machine I'm gonna go and disable so either there's I just expanded this component in this case it's CD or dvd right click on the component and there's an option that says disable now notice what I'm doing what am I doing here folks I'm disabling this device if I click on yes what did I do I disabled it can you see the icon there I know it's not very clear so I'm going to try and zoom in in just a little bit more for you guys there do you see what it looks like so white circle little black arrow pointing downwards all right so let me Zoom back out again so that little white circle with a Black Arrow what does that mean now because the thing is you guys just saw what I did I think you guys probably know what it means it means that device is disabled so one of the possible questions you may or may not get an exam is they will give you a random component in the exam it's probably going to be the network card they love doing it with the network card and they're going to say something along the lines of user one complains he or she cannot access the internet what could be a possible reason for this now if you don't think it can be anything but you need to look at the screenshots you know what it is if you look at the screenshot you're going to see maybe in that particular scenario the network card has got a little black arrow pointing downwards what does that mean it means the chord has been disabled so they ask you what could be a reason one of the answers you're going to look for is for something that's going to say something along the lines of the card has been disabled now if I have questions or 20 Questions later they might ask you okay cool what can user one do to resolve this issue did that change the answer entirely they're testing you on the same concept here the same topic but the whole answer itself has changed now so the answer now would be to go an enable the device in question which in this case is maybe going to be the network card I do want you guys to pay attention to the examples if any of you guys are planning on writing this exam it's always a good idea to double check this CompTIA does reserve the right to change the exam at any point in time it's very crucial you guys understand this concept and understand what this is all about so go check what the component is go check if you exclamation mark a little Black Arrow exclamation mark means no driver incorrect driver black arrow pointing downwards means that device has been disabled right now you know so let's say I want to go and update the driver for device how the heck do I do that where the heck do I do that no normally these days you know some devices might come with a disk although I think that is phased out by now you can just go to a website you download the driver you double click on the driver you click next next next and you go to all the default settings now the tricky way or the technician way to go and do that would be to go to the device in question I'm going to use the example of display adapters graphics cards in other words because let's face it that's what most ID guys do we stick them to normal drivers but when it comes to our graphics cards if you have one we normally want to go and update those drivers to the manufactured drivers now it doesn't mean the normal driver doesn't work it's just because the manufacturer's driver gives you all those fancy extra goodies shading and all that if you want to go and play games or if you're developer or some kind so I'm gonna go here I'm gonna expand this I think it says display adapters now mine doesn't say anything cool because well this is the virtual machine after all if I want to go update that driver how would I do it you're going to right click on that device you're going to go here to where it says update driver yep and you can go and choose one of these choices now you can go and click where it says search automatically for drivers it's going to go check online on Microsoft's repositories nine out of 10 time it's not gonna find anything or it's going to tell you you've got the most up-to-date driver even though that's not actually the case so the better one out of the two would probably be this one here which says browse my computer for drivers now to do that option you should have already have downloaded the drivers in question so if you've got an Nvidia graphics card you should have already have gone to nvidia's website you should have already downloaded the drivers for your making your model all that it's a Radeon card or a gigabit card or whatever card you're using you should have gone through respective manufacturers website you should have already downloaded the drivers and that's ten to one going to be in your downloads folder unless you store it somewhere else you're gonna go click here it says browse my computer you're gonna go browse You're Gonna Go type to path in there but nobody ever does that go click here to browse you can just go browse to wherever the heck it might be it's most likely going to be I think I saw this just a moment ago I'm just scroll up here a bit it's most likely going to be here on the downloads minus doesn't have anything in there as far as I know I'm gonna go there downloads You're Gonna Go selected my downloads is empty the mode because this is a black virtual machine after all so that folks is how you update a driver now let's say for a moment for argument's sake you've realized that oopsie Daisy the driver I've installed is the incorrect driver or it's causing some sort of shenanigans or let's say you have a user a customer a client that's moaning and groaning that the driver they've installed is causing issues or you yourself have come to the conclusion that driver they've installed is causing issues how would you go about removing that faulty driver the best way the least amount of administrative effort way folks will be to right click on that device with a incorrect drivers that installed go here to where it says properties you go there you go to where it says driver the driver tab and there's a button here you can see currently it's disabled there you would be able to go click on roll back driver if you click on rollback driver it's going to remove the last driver you've installed or whoever installed for that specific device and for that specific device only now what you're going to see in the exam and the like phrasing it this way there's a couple of questions where they'll say what can user one do that uses the least amount of administrative effort to solve problem X now when you see them mentioning least amount of administrative effort in a sentence and there's probably going to be a couple of questions where you're going to do that that means folks there's more than one answer that's great and if I want to see if you know which one is the more correct one the better suited one so if I ask you folks to go and remove a driver for me because uh it's giving me issues and I ask you what would be the least amount of administrative effort way to go and remove it what are the options that is going to be available is rollback driver another one that might be available is system restore and if you're familiar system restore you would know it does actually remove the most recently installed drivers but system restore is it's a lot more effort quite frankly it is it's it's a lot more effort to go through the whole ritual the Rick all that kind of stuff and it unfortunately has consequences to it it should only be used as a last resort because it does not just affect that one driver any other drivers you've recently installed and installed any programs any updates any system settings you might have changed any and all of those things you've recently done would also be affected so it's got a massive ripple effect so yes it might get job done but you might end up doing more harm than good plus it's a heck of a lot more effort so if I ask you guys why would you remove a driver using the least amount of administrative effort that would be this button here now why can I not click on it you might wonder it's because currently I only have the very first driver that's installed by Windows automatically that is called your generic driver I don't know why they call it that but watch out that might also be a question in the exam it's called your generic driver so the very first driver installed by Windows is generic one I cannot remove it because it got installed by Windows any driver's eye or user installed afterwards that is a driver you can go and remove she only have access to the current driver and one driver before that if you've installed at least one driver so there's a question exam which you may or may not get they're going to ask you what is the maximum amount of drivers you or a user can theoretically have access to they're not asking what is the default the default is probably one because let's face it almost everything only has one driver which is generic they don't care about the default they want to know if you know what the maximum amount of drivers is now I apologize that not much is happening on the screen guys this is a lot of theory so maybe I should just move my cursor around so that it feels like something is happening on a screen anyway getting back to the point they want to know if you know what a maximum amount of drivers is and that is your current driver you've got access to in one driver before that if you've installed One driver so the choices will probably get available is like one two three and four and the answer here folks is two why because you've got access to the current driver in most cases it will only be the current driver and if you've installed an extra driver you've got access to one previous version so it's two that's the maximum amount of drivers you've theoretically got access to folks all right so I think I've pretty much covered device manager I probably went way too far of that topic but I felt I needed to because I noticed a heck of a lot of questions about this in the exam some of which will be exhibit questions you might get them you might not get them you'll get no less than two to three questions about device management exam folks it's a very heavily topic it's easy questions man that's the good news the bad news is you're gonna get a lot of questions about this if you struggle with Device Manager I highly encourage you to go and play with it go look into it check it out go and revisit this topic if need be because you are going to get hammered on this in the exam if you understand it very well all that the good news you're gonna get a lot of free marks folks all right so let's go back to my presentation and see what the next console is okay and as you guys can see the next console up is the Disk Management console now the name itself should really tell you what it's all about there's a picture of course like usual to that one took that one on my laptop so what you're gonna see there on the right is where mine says disk zero in the middle there on the left that tells you the hard drive that whole row of all of those little blue blocks you guys see there all of those are part of the same hard drive on that specific machine and that specific machine that you guys see in the screenshot only has one hard drive which is disk zero and if I were to go and add a second one that would be disk one and you would find that between disk zero and uh the tile there it says CD-ROM zero if I had a third hard drive that would have been listed as disc two and you can probably guess where that would have been that whole row listed as disc zero disk one disk two that whole row is a hard drive and um now you might wonder but why is it divided into little blocks in some cases sometimes it is sometimes it's not that folks is something called partitioning so we'll get to that in just a second so this Disk Management tool just like the device manager we spoke of just a little while ago you can also open it with a little shortcut so if you go to run if you go to search wherever you can go and type in disk MGMT dot MSC and it's going to open what you guys see in front of you now the partitions we just spoke of you can think of that as a pizza or a pie because you're gonna go and cut into pieces the end of the day there's not suddenly more pizza or more pie it's still the same amount of pizza pie all you've done is you've sliced it into smaller pieces a little bit more easier to manage if you want to call it that now when it comes to hard drives when you partition you can think of it as a pizza or a pie that you've sliced why you do that how many times you do that that's completely up to you and your unique needs requirements so maybe I really do need two hard drives so to speak it's not really going to be too physical Hardware it's going to be too virtual hard drives and if that's the case you can go and do something called partitioning we're going to show you guys in just a couple of moments how to go and do that you know what I think let's show you guys that otherwise we're going to waste time so let's switch back over to that Windows 11 machine a few moments later right folks here we are back on that Windows 11 machine so just like before I showed you guys how do we open device manager that was to right click on start same for Disk Management it's definitely not the only way but it is the quickest way so I'm going to go right click here on start here we go Disk Management give it a couple of moments of course and there we go so this one looks somewhat different this is actually a better one because this one actually has more than one hard drive it's got quite a few hard drives look at that disk zero one two three how many freaking hard drives does this machine have let me just scroll down this is the score bar look at that this is scroll bar so it's got five it says disk four but it doesn't mean it's four because it starts from disk zero so it's got four disks folks some of these are blue some of them are black so if it's black like that then it says unallocated that means the hard drive has not been formatted slash initialized yet so it could be the hard drive that you put into the laptop or a desktop or the server but you have not formatted it yet formatting is something you can think of as like painting lines in a parking lot if you just bought yourself a brand new supermarket and you've got a parking lot outside but this parking lot doesn't have any parking lines that's going to be that's going to cause chaos is it not I mean the cars I'm not gonna know where the heck to go and park themselves so if you or someone were to go into that parking lot and paint some lines the cars would essentially know where they're going to park themselves so what you are doing there is you're creating structure that's what formatting is all about when you format a hard drive as FAT32 or ntf is you are in a nutshell creating structure so the cars in that parking lot will know where to go and park themselves and in case you haven't figured it out the cause is your data that data will know where to go and park itself so I need to go and paint some lines in that parking lot there now there let's use this example of this hard drive here it's got 127 gigs there how much is free let's just see there it is it says 127 of which 116 gigs is free so if you want to go on partition that you're going to right click on a hard drive in question you're gonna go here where it says shrink volume so that's to allow you to cut off some space that's free and available you click on that it's going to do that you can see mine opened in about one second there's a little window but there is a chance that window might take you know five minutes it might take an hour if it takes you about 10 minutes or 15 minutes to open that window or to load a window I would not suggest proceeding that could be indication your hard drive is very full and that which case you should not do this or it could be a matter of your hard drive is very fragmented it's all over the place so here it shows you how much you can shrink it with so the megabytes you might have to divide that by 1024 since a megabyte uh 1024 megabytes is one gigabyte so it shows you in megabytes let's say I want to go and chop off four gigs so 1024 megabytes multiply 4 is 4096 I believe I hope so otherwise it's going to be very awkward if it's wrong let me know in the comment section we can have a laugh about it so that is what it looks like as four gigs I'm gonna cut four gigs off from that you're gonna see it's gonna be an extra block here let's shrink that bad boy and there we go now in no way is this up to scale I mean you can see there's four gigs there's 123 that used to be 127 so it chopped off four gigs from the 127 but it's not up to scale it's just to kind of sort of give you an idea that that block is smaller but in reality it's not up to scale So currently that space I've chopped off has not been formatted so for me to get that to work I need to go and right click on it that's a new simple volume before we do that how many hard drives do we have one two how many partitions do we have that one there that one there that one there and that one there is normally inaccessible so on the main hard drive you'll find there's normally about three or four partitions by default and two or three of them are inaccessible I think the main one is normally accessible any extra ones you create an online hard drive yes you can access those but it's about two or three which is reserved you cannot access them they don't want you to access it because you're gonna break stuff so for now I expect to find about two partitions if I go to my Explorer let's just go and verify I'm gonna click your own Explorer at the bottom go to this PC and there's two hard drives like I said there's Drive C drive D drive D is called all files gonna minimize that so you can see there's Drive C this drive D and you can see those are the only ones that actually got latest that should also be an indication of how many partitions you can actually see I'm going to go right there I'm going to right click on that new simple volume I'm gonna go for this little wizard that says next let me drag that in the middle for you folks next how much of that free space that four gigs do you want to use I'm just going to say all of it next what letter do you want to assign you can only assign letters that has not been used yet so C and D is obviously out so let's just go and say B just for gags next what file system do you want FAT32 ntf is in some cases you might even be provided of refs depending on whether this is a server or something what name do you want to give this hard drive you can only do that as secondary hard drives not drive C but drive D and onwards and onwards you can give them any name you want I'm going to leave it on new volume or this is called a test since this is a tester after all here we go next finish and it only takes a couple of seconds there we go it's done until this day I'm still not used to that I don't know up until about in the 2008 beginning of 2009 when we had Windows XP it would take half an hour or a couple of hours to go in format a drive and when V-Star or Vista however you pronounced that came out arm Matilda's there I formatted my first hard drive and only took a couple of seconds like what you guys saw there and I couldn't believe it I actually went into the second time just to see it again I couldn't believe it so that is really something that I still haven't gotten used to it's been more than a decade I'm still not used to it so now I've got one two three and two of these all in the same hard drive so let's go back to explore it should still be open here in the bottom you see that here's the third one now it's got the b letter that we allocated and it says test let's minimize again at any point in time you can go and delete one of these partitions here we go and it goes without saying that before you delete something you should probably go and back up all the data on there unfortunately for us mine is blank so I'm just going to delete I'm gonna say yes there we go and if you've deleted space you can always shove it back into the original Drive where it came from so if I go here to where it says all files and I'll right click on it instead of clicking on shrink which I can still do if I've got available space I can go and click on extend here then I can go and shove some of that space back in or all of that I'm just going to put all of it back next how much of it do I want to use I'm just going to say all of it next finish and you see it disappear it's shoved it back in and I've got the 427 gigs again so in a nutshell that is pretty much what disk Management's all about it shows you all your internal external drives how many you've got how many times the importation what file systems they are or the GDP or the MDR you know that that kinds of stuff so that's Disk Management let's go look at our other consoles right folks next we've got disk maintenance tools maybe look at the picture there like usual there's a picture on the right for you guys you'll see the top left it says optimize drives that should tell you a lot it's all about optimizing your drives your hard drives now I don't know why this is still included in any course because you know this is actually something that happens automatically these days you can actually see there in the screenshot that I've given you guys if you look at the bottom left there it says scheduled optimization you can see it says on the frequency says weekly so ever since Windows 10 was released this is something that happens automatically before we understand we have to go and do this manually normally we'd only do this like once in six months or one someone's machine gets very very slow this could even be your machine that is when we would normally go and do this so I don't know why it's still in the in the courses but it is it's it's in a lot of courses so this tool allows you to get rid of disk issues the main one and the most obvious one is fragmentation if you don't know what fragmentation is that is when your hard drives gets very very messy you can think of this as your desk maybe you're working in your office and when you get to your desk on a Monday morning it's neat it's organized and if someone comes into your office or comes to your desk and asks you for a certain document you're probably going to find it in literally a couple of moments now as the week progresses let's say it is Wednesday afternoon and you have not cleaned your desk yet as the week progressed your desk probably got messy disorganized papers are all over the place and that kind of stuff now if someone comes to you now and asks you for that same document will you find it in the same amount of time probably not does that mean it's missing no it's not missing it's still there it's just a matter of you don't know where it is because everything is unorganized now so so that folks is an example of fragmentation as time goes by your hard drive gets messy it gets unorganized and this is called fragmentation so as you install things and uninstall things create things delete things and move things around of course that causes what is known as fragmentation so if you were to go and take the time and you would have gone organize that desk of yours and someone comes back to you and says hey I would like this document or that document it's going to take you a heck of a lot less time to find this document that they're requesting because everything is organized now so when you go and use this optimized tool as you guys see in the screenshot this is called disk defragmentation by the way sometimes it's actually listed as deskly fragmentation the previous older versions windows that is going to go and take your hard drive the one that you've selected and it's going to go and organize it for you this is to take forever so we normally do this after works if it was a work PC or an office PC when you're about to leave the office you would start the process and it might even take the whole freaking night and then normally when you get back the next morning it should more or less be done if a jump is at home yeah you'd probably still do it at night you know when you're about to go to bed you start the process next morning when you wake up it should more or less be done so that's what it is in the nutshell so defragment and optimize drives is what it does it improves your read Times by reallocating file data locations in other words it's organizing your stuff it's rearranging your stuff so your machine can find stuff quicker this is especially applicable on the old mechanical hard drives which brings my tutors to this topic here HDD versus sdd so sdd as you all probably know by now that is a solid state drive it's got no movable Parts it uses static storage so it's gonna know it's gonna make absolutely no difference on a solid state drive because everything is in a fixed location but when it comes to the old mechanical hard drives which so many of us still use because it's affordable and we especially use this for secondary drives that uses rotation so the disk that's spinning at a certain amount of revolutions per minute and the more unorganized your stuff is the more revolutions per minute that has to do to find what it is you're looking for or the user is looking for the more organized your stuff is the Lesser rotations it has to do to find the information you're looking for so now you can see that's going to be quite a big difference when it comes to solid state drives which is what we're slowly moving to at this point in time yeah it's not going to make a difference you don't have to worry about it folks in general I would say you don't have to worry about this because this still does happen automatically in the end of the day so just quickly show you guys where you can find this on that virtual machine we just got Windows 11. one eternity later all right folks here we are on at virtual machine it's got windows 11. I'm gonna start things off by going to Explorer again you can say I still got this open from earlier when we covered one of our previous topics so it's it's a hard drive tool so you're gonna have to go and click on one of your hard drives doesn't really matter which one but it's a good idea just click on the hard drive that's giving you issues so let me click right click that is on Drive C here I'm gonna go here to properties you go to tools because there's a hard drive tool after all you go there there's error checking that's another tool we can go and use it's not the topic today though and where you'll find optimize and defragment hard drive it's always here it's always in the tools tab you can always find it by right clicking on hard drive and going into properties and when I say always I mean on different operating systems so it doesn't matter if you do this on Windows 11 10 8 7 you know all the way back to XP or whatever it's always been in the same location the only difference is the icons have sometimes changed they've sometimes given a different name the other day it's the same location and it does the same thing in a nutshell so I click here on optimize that's what this one currently looks like it shows you how much space efficiency it is normally it'll tell you zero fragments zero percent fragmented zero percent fragmented you can go and analyze the hard drive which is not something we do anymore it's completely redundant now you can see what it's scheduled on you can actually go into that off I don't know why anyone would ever want to go into a golfer just doesn't make any sense and considering that it does this so often once a week it only takes a couple of moments because it's only going to go and check what has changed recently and it's only going to go and correct that you know so it goes insanely quick so whenever your machine is just sitting there idling doing nothing that is when it uses the opportunity to go and address this all right folks now I know where that is let's go back and check what the next topic is all right as you guys can see the next topic is Task scheduler now like the name might suggest this is something that allows you to schedule tasks so it's the automate system activity or scripts it's not just limited to that that's what CompTIA says there's a bit of a picture of what it would look like um at first glance if you were to see this for the very first time it might seem a bit overwhelming there's actually a few Tools in um your brain system or in Windows that looks a bit overwhelming in the beginning but if you were to take the time and sit down with a cup of coffee and you know just explore it or have someone show you you'll very quickly realize it's not as complicated as it might seem it's actually a lot easier than what you might think so this one let's switch over to that Windows 11 machine once more alright folks here we are so I am going to start things off by running a search for it uh as far as I know you can't right click on start to find this let me just double check that no it's not there so I'm gonna run a search for this bad boy let me go around a search here I'm just going to say task come now it's a bit slow task schedule there we go so you can find this on above the client side as well as the server side um if I have to be honest with you guys I don't think you're going to be using this a lot on the client side you might I mean there are cases that I've used it on the client side but from experience I can tell you that more than 9 out of 10 times I ended up using this on a server side it's for the most part to schedule things and to automate things on the client side you or the user are normally on that machine let me just click on this little thingy the normally on that machines there's not really that needed most of the time to go and schedule things or automate things if you look at something like a server let me make this nice and big on something like a server the whole idea of a server is it's supposed to run there on its own unmanned everything is supposed to be automated and there's going to be times when you need something to happen on that server and you're not going to want to be where you have to go and initiate that process manually every time this could be something that some as a backup it could be something else like a backup now do you really want to be on that server every day weekly monthly you're going to start a backup and to keep an eye on it heck no so that is where something like this could be pretty handy so like I said before it looks pretty overwhelming in the beginning so don't get discouraged by that so I'm going to go here to the right hand side where it says create a task now funny enough this tool looks like it was designed to create viruses I assure you that's not what it was designed for but if you know what you're doing it can actually be used for that mind you so on the client side there's not many things that I used it for so I'm going to give you guys example of where I had to go and use this I had a company that I was working with or for at a point in time and they were sitting in a situation that after work all their employees or at least a lot of them would leave their machines on after work so these machines all these computers hundreds of them were just idle throughout the night the whole night and then in the month if you go look at your bill when it comes to Power electric consumption that it was massive it was off the charts so they needed a way to get these people to turn the machines off besides telling them to turn the machines off not sure you can go to these folks and say pretty please turn your machine off after work and yes some of them will legit go and do that they were like oh dear Goose let me go and do that but then you're gonna get those users that just don't care you can get some folks that do care but they honestly just just forgot maybe they got preoccupied they were preserve a phone call it happens we are humans we're gonna make mistakes at the end of the day you're only gonna have a 50 compliancy maybe even less it's not really going to work so in that situation what I did was I wrote a small one-line script that basically shuts down people's pieces it's actually a command prompt command you can do it in command prompt it's a one line command in command promise shuts down people's pieces but I'm not gonna wanna go to every piece in tablet manually I need to automate this so I type that command into notepad which I'll show you guys in a moment just for fun it's not actually part of this topic type it into notepad and after typing into notepad I just hooked it up to a schedule because you just need to save that final notepad as a DOT batch file dot Pat doesn't matter what name you give it just save as a DOT Pat file b-a-t and then yeah I hook it up the task scheduler and I scheduled that little script that little one-line command to execute every day at five o'clock so whether someone's on that PC or not whether it's running or not the script will execute at five o'clock so how did I do it I would go here to where it says name it doesn't really matter what you call it but I called it shutdown shutdown the PC it's advisable to give most things a proper user-friendly and professional name as well as this description because you know imagine yourself coming back here in six months you're not gonna know what you did or why you did it and whatever another technician comes in here if he or she comes in here they're going to be very confused as to what this thing does and why it was there in the first place so give it a proper name you can very clearly see what it does it says shut down the PC now if you or someone else sees this you're probably going to be pondering why so then you can say shut down the PC after work to save power see now they're gonna know you have to keep in mind these folks may or may not be logged on the machine might just be idling there so you're probably going to want to click on this option here it says run whether the user is logged on or not I always click on that you know it doesn't really matter what script I'm going to be running I always just click on that just to be on the safe side now when we get to triggers what will trigger this event now it's probably going to be a schedule most of the time when we're going to end up using some sort of schedule if I have to be honest here but this could be something else so if we go click here on new and this is why I said it looks like this platform was created to create a virus because what do viruses have a trigger so there's a little drop down list the most popular one of course being top one here it says on a schedule if we were to leave it on schedule you could schedule this thing to happen once which is the default option you can choose the exact year month day hour minute and second when this needs to happen it's gonna happen once and you can be so precise as to the second when this needs to happen you can schedule this thing to happen daily which is what I used if it's daily when will be the first occurrence you can choose the exact time and date when this needs to happen for the very first time and once it engages kicks off starts the process will it happen every day or every second day or every third day you get to specify so the fact that minus one means it will happen every day if it is weekly once again when will be the first occurrence and will this be weekly every second or every third week and in every week which days will it be on same applies to monthly of course there's a couple other ones you can go and just play with you're not really the topic here so as soon as the person logs onto the machine something will happen as soon as they start the machine something will happen can you imagine I run this script while the PC starts up shut down startup shut down start up you know it's just no not getting well on idle there's quite a few you can be very creative near the day you are really just limited by your imagination guys so I'm gonna leave it on schedule let's hook it up to daily first the current is going to be this date and uh what time did I say I made it's five let's make this 5 P.M there we go 5 p.m that should be sufficient okay so now we know it's gonna happen every day at 5 PM what is gonna happen every day at 5 PM so that brings us to the third tab here it says actions you go click on actions you click on new now at first glance it doesn't look like much I mean you might say oh there's just three things in that list of which I can for the most part just use the first one guys I'm telling you now that option and that option alone will allow you to do anything and everything so when I say start a program it allows me to browse you as you guys can see I can browse to your program or a script this program or script could be a built-in program in Windows could be command prompt can be paint can be the Windows Media Player can be anything that's built in it can be any program or game you've installed afterwards it's probably going to be installed on the programs and files or something and it can be any script like a command prompt script which is going to be a DOT bat file now you'll probably know this but if you don't in command prompt you can prove do pretty much anything that you can do via the GUI it's just going to be via command prompts if you prefer to go and do things by command prompt the Via Powershell or something in that regard you can do pretty much anything in those command line consoles that you would normally be able to do via the GUI the catch is you just need to know the commands or you're gonna have to go online and find the respective commands so what did I go and do I went and type the command to shut down the PC and I typed it into a notepad file saved it because I'm not going to be there to go and type it in manually myself and then you just go and browse the machine to where that command is so just in case you curious what the command looks like not actually the topic here but just in case you're curious let me just quickly show to the folks so I just went to a notepad like that I typed in shutdown uh what was it again dash s Dash t zero three in that line if you type it into command prompt would usually shut down your machine in three seconds the shutdown partner from is not actually what shuts it down that's just the category the ace is what tells it to shut down so if this is a dash or it'll restart if it's a dash H it'll hibernate I don't think PC is even hibernating anymore but you get the idea so that's the category T is time how long will it take to actually execute this command in this case it is three seconds usually we're not allowed to go less than three seconds because there needs to be enough time for you or someone to cancel this action so if someone happens to be on that machine when this comes on executes which in this case is to shut down the machine is going to have a bit of a pop-up very quickly for three seconds on the screen it says shutting down in three seconds and then they can go and cancel if need be so that's quite nice you need to give the guy the opportunity to at least cancel so the system doesn't really allow it to go less than three seconds so I'm gonna go and save this doesn't really matter what I call it just gonna say save let's save it on where am I going to save documents that's fine the documents is blank anyway so you can see the moment is going to save this is a txt file so let's call this shutdown Dot the name doesn't matter by the way I'm just calling it shutdown because it makes sense that is the important part here it needs to be a DOT bat file that's very important save and there we go I can actually close this now and there we go so I'm gonna go browse now to where I've saved it where was it it wasn't documents documents you can see there's my file nobody's going to want to click on that okay and there we go we're ready click okay and we all say we can actually go ahead and click on ok now I'm not going to worry about conditions or settings not something you guys need to worry but you can go and check it out if you're gonna go and click on OK normally it's going to ask you for a username and a password let's do that so you guys can see it here we go has to be a local administrator account and there has to be a password now if this is not a server that's guaranteed gonna be possible because let's face it service 40 to have at least an eight character deposit but if this is a client machine especially if it's not joined to any form of domain it might not have a password a lot of people out there don't have passwords on the machine now if you're part of this blank in other words there's no password you're probably going to leave this blank because while your password is blank you're going to click on ok but you'll be surprised to see that it's actually not going to work it's going to tell you the password is wrong even though it is actually correct I mean if your pause it is blank and you click on OK it's technically correct is it not nope according to this it's not you need to have a password an actual password for this thing to work it does not matter what deposit is it can be one two three for crying out loud as long as you've got a password so if you want this thing to work you need to go and configure some sort of password you can make it whatever you want you can go to Banana town if you want to and then once you've changed it to some sort of password you can come back here and it's actually going to work why does it do that is it the bug or a glitch no guys it's not it's your own Safety and Security I mean you can see there's freaking keys there for crying out loud it's to make sure some other scoundrel or some piece of malware cannot go and schedule something on your behalf without you knowing about it so someone's quickly borrowing your computer and they think they're going to be funny or they they're out to get you they cannot go and schedule something to have on your machine because while they're gonna get stopped at this window because they don't have your password if there's some sort of malware on your machine trying to schedule things on your behalf also going to come to a grinding hold because it does not have your password at least we hope it doesn't have your password right guys so that is how you go about that um I showed you guys the example opportunity now of the clients that I've had to go and do that server side the steps is the same and more than 9 out of 10 times you're actually going to be doing this on the server side um the reasons why I would sometimes do this on the servers to go and schedule a backup because I had weird clients out there that did not allow me to install any form of backuping software yet they want me to do a daily backup a weekly backup and a monthly backup so I thought you know what are you guys crazy do you expect me to sit there every day every week every month to sit there and basically copy paste I mean it can't happen but it's gonna take forever I don't have that kind of time I've got other clients I've got other things to do at the end of the day I did actually end up copy pasting it but it was a glorified copy paste command I went into notepad I typed in copy paste commands in there I added a bunch of perimeters in case it runs into errors because if you're gonna go copy paste a whole service content you can only imagine it's going to run into some sort of error at some point in time at some point it's going to tell you hey this file already exists and then normally a human can say Okay skip aboard cancel now if it's a piece of script running it's not going to know what the heck to do that's where my parameter is scanning so it'll tell you if the file exists skip it unless the newer version is newer then it's gonna go replace the old version if there's no name give it a name the name's too long make the name shorter all those kinds of stuff right folks that is Task scheduler in a nutshell let's move on to our next topic next up we've got Microsoft Management console this is better known as MMC for short so you can actually go to start you know that's probably Cortana start search whatever you want to call it and you can go and type in MMC it might it might require to type in mmc.exe to get this to pop up and that is what it's going to look like guys there's a picture of you guys of what it's going to look like what the heck is this it is a platform that allows you to go and add what is known as snappings these snap-ins are for the most part administrative tools and consoles built into the Windows operating system it works both on the client and the server side uh what you need to be aware of is the tools and consoles and blah blah blah that you find in there is absolutely not everything available on the operating system it's a decent amount but it's not everything why does it not have everything I don't know go ask Microsoft and then you let me know what they sell you because I would also like to know it's a good question so let's go back to Windows 11 and show you guys what this looks like alright folks here we are on Windows 11 4 I don't know how many time I've lost count so I'm going to start things off by going to the bottom to search and I'm gonna go and type in MMC now on Windows 10 you normally have to type in MMC dot exe when there's 11 I've seen quite a few times you don't have to type the dot exe so if I type MMC you can see it already pops up I don't even need to type in dot exe if you didn't want to win a state inside it might require to type in dot exe at the back something like that either way it will still do the same thing so let's go run that bad boy you can see it looks the same as the picture or more or less the same as the picture I'm going to make this nice and big you guys go so what we need to do now is we need to go and add what is known as snappings and you can go and add as many as you want in the moment there's nothing going on here it's completely blank and the way you do that is to go to the top to the left where it says file in the menu you're gonna go and look for what it says and remove snappings I never remove them I just add them as soon as I don't use them I just close it so there's the list of snap-ins for you guys once again that is not all the admin tools on Windows it's not all the consoles and windows that is just a very large portion of them and you can go and add the tools and consoles and whatever you need and you can see there's device manager there's Disk Management that we really covered in this specific module did I access them via MMC console earlier no I did not because there was a quicker way to do that and at that point in time it lost you're going to right click on start but let me go and add those two specifically so you can see what it looks like because that's the stuff we did Cover so far here we go I'm going to click on okay here and they are it's gonna look the same well at least about 95 the same and it's gonna work the same so if I click here on Device Manager let's open that up you see it looks pretty much the same and it works pretty much the same with the exception of this nonsense on the left if I click on Disk Management it's pretty much the same kind of worms it's the same stuff you'll have access to once again with the exception of the stuff on the list so ignoring this list on the left it's gonna look the same and whenever I'm done doing whatever is I want to go and do I just go to the top right and I close it and I don't even bother saving it if you want and you know you're going to need it again sure go and save it I've never done that I feel it's unnecessary I'm gonna click on now all right guys so that was actually the last Topic in that section the first section out of the two sections of this module what is the next section that folks is performance and troubleshooting tools all right and then what would be the first Topic in this section that would be system information there's a picture for you guys like usual looks very overwhelming but it actually is very straightforward so if you can find this on a machine which is very easy it'll give you or the user let's face it's probably going to be you the user's gonna have no idea what's going on here so it'll give you a very good indication of pretty much everything about that machine you can see the operating system it's running you know what addition is it what build is it what version is it you can see what make and model the machine is which is very useful if you need to go and download something like drivers for the machine you can see the CPU how much RAM pretty much anything and everything can be seen there so where do you access this tool or get a hold of it well guys it's available both on a server and a client side let's show you on Windows 11. here we are and windows 11 so I'm gonna go to search um understand it's the same deal you go to search to the bottom left and you can type the exact same information the exact same way so I'm typing in Ms info 32 let me get the mouse cursor out of the way for you guys Ms info 32 and you'll see there it says system information and if I click on that check this out so it shows me all the information about this machine you can see it's a virtual machine so it's actually pretty cool that it knows that so virtual machine it shows me how much RAM it's got what the machine's name is everything and anything that you need to know about this machine you can go and expand all the stuff and you'll see this mini sub categories in some cases Sub sub categories and it goes on very useful console for you to see information about a user's machine or your machine so let's go check what the next topic is all right folks it seems the next topic up we have here is Event Viewer there's a picture of you guys it's actually a very powerful troubleshooting tool it might not seem like it but I assure you it is a very very helpful troubleshooting tool this tool has really helped me out of a couple of jams with my clients like almost all the tools in this module it is free it's built into above the client and the server side so it's just a really a matter of you using it so what does it do well in a nutshell it keeps logs everything you or the user does or anything that happens on the machines creates a log when you start the machine when you turn it off when you log on or off whether it's successful or not when you start programs when you close them when you run into errors so the machine just crashes every one of these things creates a log and if something happens on a machine let's say you're trying to start a program all the users trying to start a program and it crashes you can actually go into event view or you can go and check the error and you'll be surprised to know that it actually sells you what is wrong with the program or what is causing the crash sometimes it'll give you an actual message and it'll tell you this or that is causing it other times it'll just give you some random code and people normally get discouraged by that code but you can actually go and take that code go to a search engine of your choice like Google paste it there and it'll actually tell you hey buddy this is a failed service or hey buddy it's this or that so let's go to the windows 11 machine like usual right folks let us jump right to it gonna go to search type in what are we looking for Event Viewer promoter I struck a blank there we go we've had so many topics in this in this module I forgot what we were covering so there we go Event Viewer I'm going to click on that and I suppose I could make this nice and big for you guys it looks a bit overwhelming in the beginning like quite a lot of the tools we've discussed in this module but it's actually straightforward so there's many kinds of logs you get you can get them all over the place I'm just going to focus on the most basic ones for Now application security setup system and so on and so forth so application I think it explains itself shows your application related things just events taking place errors warnings security is obviously going to be things like security related so if you or someone logged onto this machine would it successful or unsuccessful is going to show you that kind of stuff when you log off and anything else security related setup assist up set up related things system is system related things including errors it could just be an event taking place something that was not running the way it was supposed to something it just happened on the machine or it could be an actual error so it seems this was an actual error so you can see sometimes it'll give you a message of what it might be other times you might just get an error if you get an error guys don't be discouraged just just go take that error go to Google copy paste it in there and very often you'll find it's going to tell you exactly what's wrong uh this tool is actually even useful for things like a blue screen of death which is also known as a memory dump or a stop error their flash on the computer is so freaking quick it's like a second or less than a second you can't even take a photo or a screenshot of it in any way now you've got no idea what caused it and you can't go to investigated so what the heck well guys you can go to Event Viewer afterwards assuming you're actually able to start the machine immediately afterwards go check event here you'll find us an error you can actually check what was it if you have an idea where an error was you can also go and filter this when you can go here to filter logs go check for for example errors or whatever it is you're looking for click on that and it'll show you all the respective areas you can just go and investigate them further of course right folks let's check out the next topic next up we've got task manager yes guys I'm not joking task manager I know a lot of you guys feel that you might notice too I mean heck a lot of people it's not even an ID I've known about this tool and we always make jokes about it where we say you can go and press Ctrl alt delete good old famous control delete jokes so there's a picture like usual obviously I mean it's kind of gotten to be expected for me to give you guys a picture at this point in time I feel so there's a picture how do you open it Ctrl alt delete obviously you can also go and right click on the task bar and you'll find there's an option it says task manager but that only works on Windows 10 guys not Windows 11 yeah go figure normally the newer operating system will do the same stuff and more in this case it is not there go check it maybe Microsoft will go and add it there you know back there if enough of us can complain about it they'll probably go and add it back but the last time I checked if you right click on the top spot on Windows 11 it ain't there another way you can go and access this and guys watch out for this this is a question exam is you can go and press the control not controlled and delete we know about that one Ctrl shift and Escape key yes control shift and the Escape give you hold all three of those in is the exactly the same as pressing Ctrl alt and delete key so they've asked in the exam in the past which keys can the user press to get access to contask manager and you would probably expect to find controlled delete there because that's the keys we always talk about and you would find that that's not an answer in the exam them instead one of the possible answers in the exam is Ctrl shift and escape and nobody clicks it because nobody knew that actually does open task manager if you did know that please let me know in the comment section down below I would love to hear about it you know where did you first hear about this but I can pretty much guarantee you that the majority of you have not known that and they will possibly ask you about that one in the exam because most people don't know about it it's fair to your stupid as soon as you pass this exam you're probably gonna forget that those keys open Task Manager I'll be honest with you guys even I forget that the only time I ever remember those keys open task manager is if I explain it in a course like I'm doing right now so let's quickly go to Windows 11 and give you guys a bit of a tour of task manager yes we're gonna do that all right here we are back again so I'm gonna right click on taskbar just to quickly show that it's not there it says taskbar settings and you see it's not even popping up sometimes you'll get like a menu popping up but it's it's not very gentlemen and ladies well ladies and gentlemen it's not there so you're gonna have to go and open this via some other means heck you can go and press Ctrl delete or control shift and all that I'm gonna have to click here because this is running a virtual machine so I'm gonna go click there see where it is Task Manager you can ignore that that's not the way you would normally go and do it so there is my task manager starting with the first tab on the left here ladies and gentlemen it shows you the four main counters CPU memory disk and network respectively it gives you an indication of what processes are running on your machine you'll notice there's different shades of orange here so for the most part it's going to be a bit of a very light shade of orange if you have a resource that's very resource hungry it's eating a lot of Ram or a lot of CPU you'll find that that shade of orange for that specific component will actually become darker darker and darker giving an indication that thing is very resource hungry if you're not sure why you can actually go and investigate it further in some cases depending on what it is if you look at something like this browser so that it tells me hey this thing is using a lot of ram not that it really is I'm just thumb sucking here you can actually go and investigate and check what is actually open here on that particular component if something is eating too much resources or you just don't want it to run you do have the option to go ratchet on a component and of course just while ending it yes then we've got the performance tab something we use as well as the end users so if the end user suspects the machine is funky it's misbehaving it's a bit slow and laggy one of the things they may or may not do depending on their knowledge is they might go to task manager they might go to the performance Tab and then they'll see where oh it's the CPU or oh it's the ram should they find something here they'll probably call you at that point in time where you will go and investigate it further now if the user doesn't know that much then you're probably coming here for the first time you're gonna go to observe the four main counters check which one is the culprit and should you find something out of the ordinary here you're probably gonna go and investigate it further like I said one of the main tools we use to do that is resource monitor which will show the same four main counters but in a lot more detail now you'll see there's actually a link here at the bottom of two resource Monitor and that happens to be a topic in this course still gonna get to that later so bookmark on a topic that's not the only way you open it ladies and gentlemen you can open it by other ways as well it's just Microsoft knows that we technicians are probably going to want to investigate this further so they went and added that there for you guys for convenience pretty nice of them I would say when you've got app history which kind of speaks to itself shows you which apps have been running and when and for how long you've got the startup tab which also kind of speaks for itself oh it's a bit laggy this virtual machine so that shows you all the programs and stuff he's supposed to start well maybe it's not correct of me to say all the programs but it does show you for the most part what starts up with this particular machine this used to be under something called Ms config which is also something in this module I think it's one of the last topics in this module so we'll show you guys that so there used to be a tab on image config that says startup and you can still go into msconfig and you'll actually even still find the startup Tab and image config but it's blank so only up until Windows 7 was there actually something on that tab from Windows 8 8.1 10 and 11 the tab is still there but it's blank now folks now since Windows 8 you have to come to the startup tab in task manager there is no startup tab in Windows 7 and older and there you'll find the same stuff shows you at starting and if you find something starting up with Windows kind of like this one here it says Edge you can go and right click on that little bugger and you can go and say disable does that mean the component will no longer work no ladies and gents it will still work perfectly fine it's just going to open like one or two milliseconds slower but if that process starts with your computer it'll actually make your computer start one or two seconds slower now seconds is something we as a human can actually notice it's gonna annoy me but if it starts one or two milliseconds nanoseconds slower I am not gonna notice that people I'm not so yeah that's basically why we do that use this tab well there we go use this steps for the most part a useless tab especially on the client side so both client server size you're probably never going to use this there are rare exceptions to that rule I have had clients where they had kind of like a terminal scenario where everybody would remote desktop into the same server at the same time kind of like a terminal scenario and if you is the administrator were to go to the server itself and you were to go click on the users tab you would see a very long list of users it normally displays them with their active directory usernames there in most cases and you can see who's using how much resources if a particular user is using a lot of RAM for instance you can open that specific individual's account and you can see what they're running and you can see which component or components they are running on their account is eating so much resources very useful in that regard you've got the details tab which is very much the same as the processes tab the services tab shows you more of an overview of which services are running on this particular machine running stop all that it is for the most part just an overview folks the amount of things you can do here is very limited for the most part it's just to show you what the heck is going on I don't recommend using that one unless you happen to be in task manager already instead I would suggest you go to the actual Services themselves you can see there's a link at the bottom I'm going to click on that just for like a fraction of a second or so here you can see the same stuff but you actually have control way more controllable so that is way I would say you should go to go and configure your services if you actually need to go and configure something all right let's go check what the next topic is folks okay so we can see the next one is resource monitor I suppose that should not come as a surprise since we were just in task manager and when we were on the performance tab in task manager I told you guys we're going to come back to this so I did not arrange it in this order this is the CompTIA order but it does make logically sense to put in this order because we just mentioned resource monitor so yeah logically it makes sense so let's show you guys resource monitor okay back on that machine we are so we're gonna go back to the performance tab like we said earlier told you guys we're gonna put a bookmark in it and there is the resource monitor There's the link here at the bottom that's one way you can alternatively just go and type it in if you want to so if I go here just search you'll see if I start typing in resource monitor it already pops up so there's another way to do it I'm just going to click on that one potato today there you guys go resource monitor it shows you the same four main count as I mentioned earlier but obviously in a lot more detail so if memory was previously the issue I can now go to the memory tab I can go to investigate which one of these many things it's running is the culprit here and if you identify it let's say it's this one there most of the time you're probably gonna have no idea what it is so your first instinct if you've identified which one is the culprit might be to go and while in the process once again don't if you don't know what it is guys don't end it you could actually very well end up doing a heck of a lot more damage than than any good so if you don't know what it is I would suggest you go and investigate it first you can either go and right click on it and say search online or you can go and observe the name go to a search engine of your choice type in the name of the search engine and without going to any website you'll even seen the search results it'll tell you this is a system process for or this is malware how do I remove the malware and actually getting given indication when it's malware or whether it's an actual system process now for a moment let's assume that this turns out to be a system process that might discourage you now because now you feel you can't kill it not necessarily there is cases where a system process is just misbehaving and you can actually go and end that system process so I would say if it's an in system process go and click on the link in the search results and just go and check what it's for depending on what it's for you might actually still be able to end it and resolve any issues all right folks let's go check which next tool is up next up we've got performance monitor also like usual the name kind of tells you a lot of what you need to know it is used to monitor performance you can see there's a picture of white with more or less look like obviously like usual we've kind of gotten into the habit of giving you guys pictures now haven't we looks a bit overwhelming in the beginning and it is actually not so if you are the thought the person tasked with just using it it's not too shabby it's not bad but let me be honest with you guys if you are the person tasked with having to set this tool up it's a nightmare it's very very unuser friendly so yes it is used to monitor all kinds of aspects about a client machine or a server it works on other or site it's free on both sides it uses what we call counters so depending on what you want to monitor about that machine you will need to go and add a counter so you can go and monitor that aspect so if I want to monitor the ram you're gonna have to go a counter for the ram sounds pretty straightforward doesn't it well folks it is not you would not believe how many freaking counters there is just ram-wise alone is probably between 20 and 50 counters you can go and add it's not just counters like hey how much RAM do I have no you wouldn't believe how many things you can go monitor about things like the RAM and the CPU and all of that so when it comes to adding the counters it's a nightmare of note but if someone else has already configured this thing and you are thought of just well keeping an eye on it it's not too bad so like usually I switch over to Windows 11 right here we are so let's get down to business I'm gonna go down here to search wow that let's get down to business is actually a song isn't it I think the song is called business I think it is isn't it anyway let's go type in performance monitor by the way if you guys are still watching the video at this point in time please type in the comment section down below I am Winnie the Pooh yeah I know it's totally random but hey let's keep it interesting let's keep it fun so this is the performance monitor it looks very confusing that is not really the part you're going to be using guys so on the left hand side here where it says performance monitor I'm going to click on that there we go let me drag this to the middle for you folks so the moment there's only one count that is the default one it will always be there you can see it's monitoring the processor time you're gonna have to go and add counters now or someone's gonna have to go and edit you can add as many as you want and when you add counters they will all be listed here at the bottom each and every one of them will be ticked by default which means they'll all be shown on the same graph at the same time each and every one will be representative with different color so you can distinguish between them at any point in time you can change the color to any counter at any point in time you can go and untick account which means it'll just not be shown on the graph at that point in time all of that is good and well and very straightforward so let's get to the complicated part of things which is the part I don't like that is to add the freaking counters how do we do that at the top left here there's a little plus silence in green it says add that's the is easy enough I'm gonna click on that and here we go folks so this list is where the problems start you'll see this is a very very very very very long list so check that out it's insane how long this list is isn't it check it out would you believe me if I told you that this very long list you guys see in front of you that is not the Countess guys that is the categories of Countess yes I'm not joking that is definitely only the categories so now I might be looking for something like Ram I don't know what I'm looking for on this list am I looking for Ram am I looking for memory am I looking for Random Access Memory it does only like five or ten things listed in this list I could kind of do like a calculated guess and eventually I'll find it after one or two cases now considering how long this list is it's gonna take me forever to find it I don't know what I'm looking for even though I know what I'm looking for if that makes any sense now I'm using the example of ram because I coincidentally know what it's listed as it's actually listed as memory which is coincidentally on the screen I did not actually intend on ending on that I was actually intending on ending somewhere else and then I had to scroll this to this but coincidentally I ended up on memory now if I expand that check this out guys check this out see now we're getting to the counters you see that there's quite a lot of counters here so now I have to go and squint my eyes scratch my head and kind of try and figure out which one is it it's it's not nice so let's go and add a random one out of these let me see what we have here available megabytes let's go with that one maybe gonna go and say at okay and there we go so very shortly it's going to start showing you developable megabytes and all that kind of jazz so that folks is the performance monitor if you've got in -house you can go and use I would recommend using that um now this is a free tool and when it's offers for free you mean you can't expect much and we cannot exactly go and complain if something is for free but if you've got anything else whether it's free or not whether it's Microsoft or not I'm gonna rather encourage you guys to go and use that the benefit of this is it's free and it's available and it's built into both client and server sites all right let's go check out the next topic already here we go the next topic is system Configuration utility this is the last Topic in this section is the last Topic in this module for this whole video guys and that is actually the topic I was speaking about earlier which is Ms config the official name for a system configuration or system Configuration utility if you want to be fancy about it we all just call it image config because that is what you have to type in to get this so above Windows 10 and the 11 sites and all the previous operating systems you got to start you got to search or wherever you go and type in Ms config one word and it's going to bring up this menu or this utility now what you guys see there in the picture that's exactly what it's been looking like for I don't know for how long since XP I think so since XP maybe maybe even before XP I don't remember what it looked like before XP but I remember from Windows XP all the way to Windows 11 where we are now it has not changed over the years the only change is that I can confirm is on the startup tab you know on the startup tab then well it's now blank since Windows 8 is now blank but it's still there nonetheless so let's quickly give you guys a tour of this last component before we call it the day all right guys here we are in Windows 11 for the Last Time by the way if you have not done it already please give the video a like when this video is a little bit longer than the other ones and I'm doing a lot of effort here for you guys the least you can do is give me a like here for doing all this effort so what was the topic again it was image config so I'm gonna go here to search m s config here we go you can see it says system configuration that's what I mean by image config that's what you have to type in type that in there and there we go guys so there's the general tab you can choose how you want to boot the machine on the boot tab itself it'll show you all the operating systems on this machine doesn't matter if they're on different partitions doesn't matter if they're on different hard drives doesn't matter if they're windows or not all of them will be shown here you can go and choose which one is the default one your computer needs to boot into normally how it works is the operating system you've most recently installed that'll automatically be your default now we don't want the most recent operating system to be the default or whatever one is currently default you can come into this tab here on system configuration you select the operating system you would like to have as your default and you just click on this button here it says set as default now the question some folks have here is what if I've got two or three operating system installed what if all two or three of them are windows on which one of these operating systems am I supposed to go into image config guys it doesn't matter so if you got two operating systems or three operating systems or more and they're all windows it doesn't matter which operating system you do this on you can boot into any one of those operating systems you can go to the boot tab on any one of them and on any one of them you can go and choose which operating system you want to have as the default you sit you click on the status default button and it's going to work they all integrate and communicate with one another like that here on the right hand side if you're wondering what that counter is that is how long your operating system will display all the available operating systems at startup before booting into the default by default so if you only have one which is the case here it's just going to put into it straight that's it no questions asked but as soon as you've got two or more for 50 seconds it's going to show your black screen or a blue screen depending on what kind of operating systems you've got and you will have the choice to choose an operating systems you want to boot into if you don't choose one it'll automatically go into the default now 30 seconds guys is a very long time most people including myself will go make that list the least amount of time you could allocate there is three seconds because you still need to have time to go and choose an operating system it does not allow you to go less than three seconds the services tab is the same as what we saw on task manager it's a very limited view you cannot do much from here instead I would once again recommend you go to the actual Services which I showed you guys earlier there's the startup tab it is blank instead of just kind of left like a sticky note on the fridge here if you want to call it that that says hey please note it's been on the task manager now it's on the door startup tab tools is another place you can go and access some administrative tools one of many so when it comes to accessing administrative tools or consoles you can type them in which is probably the best way to ensure you get the tool you're looking for it's not the shortest way but it's the most guaranteed way you can go to that MMC console we showed you guys earlier but we saw it doesn't show you all the admin and consoles you can go to just normal administrative tools there's a place in in control panel you can go to which is administrative tools you can go there also doesn't show you all the tools available or you can come in here which is also not all the tools available here and there the overlap of some of these tools and consoles and Vary here and there some of them are just plain out missing well folks let's go back to the presentation for the last time all right so here we are we've reached that point in the video where I'm gonna thank you guys for watching thank you for your support if you have not given the video a like yet guys please give the video a like it really is appreciated when you do that it does help me a lot so just like I'm helping you you can help me if you would like to know when the next module goes live when another course goes live or any other lesson for any other course remember to subscribe otherwise you might not know and then obviously I'm gonna thank all of you that has been supporting me thus far those of you that are patreon supporters thank you very much those of you that's been donating on PayPal those of you that's been ticking on the thanks button below the video and even those of you that's been giving me coffee and milkshakes thank you to all of you guys I really appreciate if you want to sponsor the channel in any way you can find all that information in the video description Down Below guys thank you very much I will see you in module 12. thank you [Music] [Music] [Music]