[Music] this section provide an overview of our body system when we analyze a person's Movement we know that the types of tissue affect uh the movement including the skin the connective tissues like bones fibros or cartilage and the muscle that generate uh force it can be uh the skeletal uh muscle for the voluntary movement or smooth musle muscles that can be seen in our organs or the cardiac muscles um that is actually our heart muscle and nerve innovates muscle to produce um the force so these are factors that affecting our movement so what is the role for the connective tissue though U the connective tissue uh offers uh a pathway for uh nutrition and the waste uh disposal depending on what kind of U the tissue it can be a protection to our body it can also be a immune a part of the immune system uh connective tissue also provide information to the central nervous system about the internal and external forces that is acting on our body when we interacting with the environment so looking at the muscular scal system here we know that the joint joints allows movement muscle create movement through generating Force ligaments and Joint capsule they stabilize The Joint AKA they limit the the the movement so what is the role for our bones bones provide a frame to our body to protect the internal organ bone can also provide as um as a liver system for the muscle to generate the force then the movement and it is also a sight for muscle to attach to Bone itself is highly vascular and they can actually repair by themselves we know that under stress the bone can gets uh thicker that's how when a person got a broken bone we uh uh provide stress to immobilize the bone to enhance the heating process there are three types of U muscles that we can see in our body skeletal muscle that um in charge of voluntary movement like the bend elbow to turn our head those kind of uh movement is dominating dominating by the skeletal muscle smooth mouth muscles can be found in our organs and cardic muscles are our heart muscles you may heard about the term called myofascia myofascia is actually a combination of the skeletal muscle and the fibros fascia so if you're interested in learning the myofascia release you have to learn uh more about knowledge about the muscle and the fascia uh one key element in the muscular skeletal system is a collagen there are three types of collagen that we can see in our body type one collagen forms 90% uh in in our body uh examples are the ligaments tendon fascia and capsule the feature of the type one collagen is they don't elongate when being stretched type two collagen they're really good in resisting pressure so we can see the type two collagen uh in the cartilage or uh the intervertebral disc in our spine type three collagen can be found in the arteries liver and spring so tendon and and ligament are formed by the type one C but the two are so different um tendon attach the muscle to the bones the ligaments connect the bone to bone so you can see the function of the tendon is really to transmit the muscular pulling Force to the ball however the the function of the ligament is to strengthen or to stabilize The Joint during the movement so one key feature here is under tension we can actually gradually lengthen the ligament whereas the tendon they don't change in length um also uh when we don't use our uh limb for a period of time or we just limit it the joint movement uh the strength of ligament actually gets weaker so you can anticipate for a client who has not been using the limb the the the ligament G gets weaker that means the joint gets unstable to a degree right so um the skeleton system can be categorized into actual and appendicular actual uh skeleton include the skull um the spine and the rib cage the um the appendicular is basically the four Limbs and two bones form a joint uh and there are uh uh roughly three type of joints in our human body there are joints that have no movement examples can be seen in within the skull and the sternum area um there are joints that allows very uh slight movement that we can see in the spine um the majority of the joint offers full movement uh we call it a synovial joint so we will focus more on the sovial joints um for the uh rest of the the the the semester so we can uh roughly categorize the syoval joints by how many movement plan that this joint offer if it has no movement plan or no access we call it non actual if it has single access or single movement plan we call it can be a hinge or a pivot joint we call it a uni actual joint um same way if it's offer if it offers two movement plan it's bi actual or three movement plan we call it Tri actual joint for the non actual joints the examples can be uh within the couple bones here you can see the shape of the couple bone are not uh uniformed so it's very hard uh to produce a plan of movement so uh the movement for this type of joint is actually the sliding when a joint offer a single plan or single axis of movement it can be hinge joint like flexion extension examples to this is the elbow joint or interal or IP joints it can also be a pivot joint when the movement happen in the transverse plane that they actually rotate the example here is specifically to a proximal radio on the joint when we turn our pump up and down the radio head primar primarily rotate on the onor joint it is different from the distal radio on joint because the distal onor radio on join the radio bone rolling not rotating um on the oner bone another example is the uh cervical um the C1 joint um we when we turn our head to the right to the left that's a typical a pivot joint when a joint offer two planes of movement uh it can be a calid joint example here is the Met couble fenal joint or the wrist joint here it can and they they move a flexion extension they can do abduction and and um adduction another example is uh SLE joint we can find it in the thumb uh carbo met carbo joint right here um AKA CMC joint um if a joint offers three planes of movement that means they have three axis so we call it Tri actual joints example for this is the bow and socket joint um we can see that uh GH joint the gleno humoral joint and the hip joint they offer flexion extension abduction adduction uh internal and external rotation so we know uh the muscle force is generated by the muscle um the amount of the force is actually determined by the cross-section of a muscle so if a muscle is bigger then that means uh we generate more Force um by the position of the muscle or the length of the muscle we can anticipate the amount of force as well now generally when we put the joint in the mid-range for example here uh the elbow uh um flexion when we fully extend it we call it a zero uh joint and then we fully um bend the elbow we call it a um elbow flexion it's roughly 135 depending on how big our biceps are so the mid range range for the elbow flexion is uh 70 to 80° so this is actually uh when we produce the maximum Force for elbow flexion so you can anticipate when we put the hand closer to the extension or closer to full um flexion we don't generate enough force compared to when we position the elbow at uh mid-range also the shape of the muscle matters matters on how much distance that this muscle travel you can see the uh Fus ofone uh muscle uh shorten more than the um um dependent muscle that being said the fusf muscle produce more joint movement compared to the pendant muscle um now let's uh change our Focus to the circulation system the function of the circulation system is to uh transport the nutrition and to remove the waste of our body um there are two major system in our human body one is cardiovascular system and the other is the lymphatic system cardiovascular system is a two-way uh system that deliver the nutrition and oxygen to the cell and then remove the waste and then uh coming back it's a whole um a two-way circulation system and lymphatic system is one way route it collect the ex uh sorry the uh extra a fluid like lymph and then transport the lymph to the venous system so it's you can see it's a one way route system if you look at the uh cardiovascular system system there are two uh different uh circulation that you need to pay attention so when um the the uh the blood within the van take the waist back from the body to the right atrium and then they enter uh to the right uh ventricle and then um it kind of travel to the oran to exchange um uh um oxygen and then uh coming back to the heart this process is called um pulmonary circulation so when the blood uh coming back from the lung and and um it'll travel to the body it's uh systemic circulation so you can see uh this cardiovascular system is a two-way system to transport oxygen and remove our waste uh waste if you do if you look closer to the cardiovascular system roughly you can see the ascending aota and then descending aota right here and for this for the purpose of this course I want you to focus on the artery itself and we will talk more as the the course move forward the lymphatic system is is a one-way route that drained the uh the extra fluid um to the Venice system its function is to collect the lymph from the body and then uh filter it and then uh drain it U Back um to the venous system so that we U maintain the balance of the system here so this is actually an a more uh advanced practice in OT if you're interested you can definitely get a certification on lymphadema of management uh but here I uh I um categorize this note so we know uh it's important to uh to the lymphatic system uh anything above the accary level goes to the cervical nodes uh between the axillary to the uh belly button that goes to the a notes and for the uh lower extremity it's actually the uh in kreno lymph nodes that provide uh some kind of like the the center for the drainage