Name: __________________________________ Date: _________ Block: _____
ACP Biology ~ Final Exam 24-25 Review Question - Kavountzis
Ways to Study!
* Look at each of the following questions and think if you can answer them.
* Take out your notes AND review sheets to help you answer the questions.
* Find something you don’t know or can’t remember, create some flashcards.
* Take a deep breath and try your best on the final.
* Good luck!
* If we have TWO days of review in class please try to get up to page 6 for day 1 and page 12 for day 2
* If we have THREE days of review in class please try to get up to page 4 for day 1, page 8 for day 2, and page 12 by day 3
Molecules of Life & Enzymes
1. Define organic compounds.
2. List the four main classes of macromolecules and identify examples of each.
3. Describe the structure and major functions of carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids.
4. Differentiate between monomers and polymers.
5. Compare the processes of dehydration synthesis and hydrolysis using the terms monomers and polymers.
6. Explain how enzymes work.
7. Identify the steps of how an enzyme interacts with a substrate in a diagram.
8. List several factors that affect enzyme activity.
9. Which category of macromolecules do enzymes fit into?
Cell Structure and Function
1. Explain why cells are so small.
2. Differentiate between prokaryotes and eukaryotes.
3. Be able to identify the major parts of a plant and animal cell in a diagram.
4. Describe the structure and functions of the major organelles in plant and animal cells.
5. Compare and contrast the structures in plant and animal cells.
6. Describe the structure and function of the cell membrane. Make sure to address why the membrane acts more like a liquid than a solid.
7. Differentiate between passive and active transport.
8. Describe the different types of passive and active transport.
9. Explain the process of osmosis in hypotonic, hypertonic and isotonic solutions.
Cellular Energy/Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration
1. Differentiate between heterotrophs and autotrophs
2. Differentiate between the structure and function of the mitochondria and chloroplasts.
3. Determine the purpose of photosynthesis.
4. Identify the reactants and products of photosynthesis and where each comes from.
5. Broadly identify which organisms perform photosynthesis.
6. Determine the purpose and importance of cellular respiration.
7. Identify the reactants and products of cellular respiration and where each comes from.
8. Determine which organisms perform respiration.
9. What is ATP and why is it important for a cell?
10. Explain the relationship between photosynthesis and cellular respiration.
The Cell Cycle and Mitosis
1. Explain how DNA is organized during various stages of the cell cycle (ex. chromatin, chromosomes, etc).
2. Identify and describe the various stages that occur during the Cell Cycle. You can fill in the image below to help
3. List the phases of mitosis and describe the events that occur during each phase.
4. Recognize the phases of mitosis from diagrams.
5. Explain how stem cells are utilized in the regeneration of planaria.
6. Distinguish between autosomes and sex chromosomes.
7. Recognize what a karyotype is and what it shows.
8. Distinguish between asexual and sexual reproduction.
Meiosis & Patterns of Inheritance
1. Distinguish between somatic cells and gametes and the number of chromosomes in each.
2. Differentiate between the purposes and results of Mitosis and Meiosis.
3. Differentiate between chromosome, sister chromatids, and homologous pairs of
chromosomes, and identify these structures in a diagram.
4. Recognize the role Mendel played on our understanding heredity.
5. Distinguish between the following pairs of terms: genotype and phenotype; dominant allele and recessive allele; heterozygous and homozygous.
6. Be able to use a punnett square to predict probabilities.
7. Differentiate between complete dominance, incomplete dominance, multiple alleles, codominance, & x-linked traits. Know an example of each.
COMPLETE THURSDAY, JUNE 12th
Molecular Biology
1. Identify the role of key scientists (Franklin, Watson & Crick) in the discovery of the structure of DNA.
2. What is the function of DNA?
3. Describe and recognize the structure of a DNA molecule (components, arrangement, shape)
4. Summarize the main steps of DNA replication and the role of major enzymes (helicase and DNA polymerase).
5. Why is DNA replication considered to be semiconservative?
6. State the differences between DNA and RNA.
7. Differentiate between mRNA, tRNA and rRNA.
8. Describe the locations, reactants, products, and overall process of transcription and translation.
9. Be able to transcribe and translate a gene (including codon chart)
10. Understand how CRISPR-Cas9 can be used to edit single genes.
11. Describe the major types of mutations (gene and chromosome) and possible consequences.
Evolution
1. Describe the main principles of Darwin's theory of evolution by natural selection.
.
2. Differentiate between Darwin and Larmarck’s ideas.
3. List and describe the various forms of evidence for evolution.
1. Differentiate between analogous and homologous structures. Give an example of each.
2. Give an example of a vestigial structure.
4. Explain the Biological Species concept.
Ecology
1. Define and distinguish between the different levels within ecosystems (biosphere, biome, ecosystem, population and community).
2. Distinguish between the biotic and abiotic components of an ecosystem.
3. Explain the different types of symbiosis and recognize examples of each.
4. Use a food web to identify and distinguish between producers, consumers, and decomposers.
5. Distinguish between an ecological niche and a habitat.
6. What is a trophic level? What determines the trophic level placement of an organism?
7. Understand the movement energy through ecosystems using the 10% rule.
8. Explain the importance of a keystone species in an ecosystem.
9. Identify the major steps of the carbon cycle, and describe ways in which humans impact this cycle.
10. Analyze climate change data.
11. Understand the processes involved in climate change.