Lecture Notes: Bones of the Skeletal System

Introduction

• The video focuses on learning all the bones of the skeleton.
• Mortimer joins for a comprehensive walkthrough of the skeletal system.

Overview of the Skeletal System

• Axial Skeleton: Includes skull, vertebrae, and ribs.
• Appendicular Skeleton: Includes arms and legs.
• At the end of the video, there is a review with Mortimer and a self-quiz.

Skull

• Structure: Houses the brain; composed of several bones sutured together in development.
• Bone Components:
  • Frontal Bone: Covers the frontal part.
  • Parietal Bones: Located at the top.
  • Occipital Bone: Around the back.
  • Temporal Bones: At the temples.
• Other Parts:
  • Maxilla: Superior to the mouth.
  • Mandible: Lower jaw, attached by joint in the jaw.

Sternum and Ribs

• Sternum: Runs from neck notch to a tip at the bottom.
• Costal Cartilage: Connects sternum to ribs.
• Ribs: 12 pairs, categorized into:
  • True Ribs: Connect directly to the sternum.
  • False Ribs: Connect via shared costal cartilage.
  • Floating Ribs: Do not connect in the front.

Vertebrae

• Categories:
  • 8 Cervical Vertebrae.
  • 12 Thoracic Vertebrae (connect to ribs).
  • 5 Lumbar Vertebrae.
  • Sacrum and Coccyx (tailbone).
• Function: Protect the spinal cord.

Appendicular Skeleton

• Shoulder and Arms:
  • Clavicles: Collar bones.
  • Scapula: Shoulder blades.
  • Humerus: Connects the shoulder with elbow.
  • Radius (thumb side) and Ulna (pinky side) in the forearm.
  • Carpals, Metacarpals, and Phalanges in the hand.

Pelvic Girdle and Legs

• Pelvic Girdle:
  • Pelvis and pubic symphysis (cartilage).
• Leg Bones:
  • Femur: Longest bone, connects to pelvis and patella.
  • Patella: Kneecap.
  • Tibia (shin bone) and Fibula in the lower leg.
  • Calcaneus (heel bone), Tarsals, Metatarsals, and Phalanges in the foot.

Recap

• Axial Skeleton: Skull, maxilla, mandible, sternum, ribs, vertebrae.
• Appendicular Skeleton: Pectoral girdle, arms, pelvic girdle, and legs.

Fun Additions

• Mortimer provides a tour of the skeleton.
• Encouragement to take a self-quiz and review using a blank diagram.

These notes provide a comprehensive summary of the skeletal system as discussed in the lecture, highlighting key bones and their categorization into axial and appendicular skeletons.