hey in this video we're going to look for the wait a minute you all seen mortimer hey mortimer dude i'm here what's up dude we can't do the bones of the skeletal system without you get over here wait what did he say it's time to do the bones of the skeleton video i've been waiting for this my entire life i'm so excited i could cry if only i had tear ducts i'm coming i'm coming here we go i'm so excited all right that's more like it like i said we're gonna learn all the bones of the skeleton in this video mortimer's here and we're ready to get started let's do it all right we're going to start from the top on the skull and work our way down through what we call the axial skeleton and then we'll move to the arms and the legs which we call the appendicular skeleton and at the end of the video we'll review all the bones again with mortimer and you can take a quick self quiz to see what bones you've learned and what you still need to practice let's start with the skull at the top which is removable here sorry mortimer whether tis noble in the minds of yeah i don't know what that line is so here's the skull of course and it houses your brain the main part of the skull here contains several bones that get sutured together whenever you're developing as a baby you know how babies have a soft spot on their head that's because a lot of this is cartilage and then it fills in with bone over time as these bones grow together and form your adult skull the parts of the skull also match the lobes of the cerebrum so if you know those lobes the names of these parts of the skull will sound very familiar to you first off we have the frontal bone which is going to cover this frontal part we have the parietal bones which will be these bones right here on the top of your head and we have the occipital bone around the back right here on either side we have what's called the temporal bone like your temples so again those are the frontal bone the parietal bones the occipital bone and then the temporal bones one of which you have on each side like i said the skull houses your brain and you can see these kind of interesting shapes and that's where the brain sits in there and you see this big hole right here which is where the brain connects to the spinal cord did you know you had a big spike in your head in case you didn't know that's not really there that's just for the model by the way if you do have a large metal spike in your head go to the doctor right now like seriously call 9-1-1 two more parts of the skull this part right here that's superior to your mouth is called the maxilla and down here we have the mandible go ahead and take a moment and stretch your mandible out there if you notice the mandible is actually not really attached to the rest of the skull except by the joint in the jaw right there so it's able to move freely from the rest of the skull much better the next bone i want to talk about is the sternum the sternum runs from here down to this tip at the bottom and you can feel your own there'll be a little notch in your neck right here and that's going to be that indentation between these two bones and your sternum and if you go down from there down sort of in the center you should be at the bottom of your sternum you can feel where it sort of like pokes down a little bit that's going to be the bottom of the sternum right here now branching out of your sternum are a bunch of pieces of cartilage you see those pieces of cartilage right here we call those the costal cartilage and they connect your sternum to your ribs right here as far as your ribs go you've got 12 pairs of ribs if i count in the front though i won't count 12 i'll count 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 sort of so we can't really count them from the front so i'm going to spin mortimer around in the back so you can see all of those ribs we can count the 12 pairs a little bit better from the back here we've got 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 ribs and there's three categories that we use for the ribs we've got true ribs false ribs and floating ribs here's how you can tell the difference the true ribs are going to connect from the vertebrae of the spine to the sternum and there's going to be one piece of costal cartilage for each of the true ribs so we have a true rib here a true rib here a true rib here here and here for a total of one two three four five pairs of true ribs the false ribs are where the rib connects to a piece of costal cartilage that joins with other costal cartilage here so we've got one two three four five false ribs and finally we have two pairs of floating ribs you can see the floating rims actually don't connect in the front they start with the vertebrae right here and they just extend out and they sort of just float there they don't connect in the front so one two pairs of floating ribs so 12 pairs of ribs total we've got five true ribs five false ribs and two floating ribs in the back there now connecting the skull to the ribs of course are the vertebrae of your spine and we categorize the different vertebrae depending on where they are and what they attach to and if you know the names of the spinal nerves these terms will sound very familiar to you so in the most superior part we have eight cervical vertebrae we have 12 thoracic vertebrae and the thoracic vertebrae are called thoracic vertebrae because they connect to the ribs that's why we have 12 of those in that category so 8 cervical vertebrae 12 thoracic vertebrae then we have 5 lumbar vertebrae down here and then we have this bone called the sacrum which has multiple nerves that extend out of it and finally the tailbone which is called the coccyx so 8 cervical vertebrae 12 thoracic vertebrae 5 lumbar vertebrae and then the sacrum and the coccyx now all the bones that we've talked about so far the skull the vertebrae and the ribs are all about protection the skull of course protects your brain the vertebrae protect your spinal cord your spinal cord runs down through the middle of all those vertebrae and the ribs of course protect your heart and your lungs also all the bones that we've learned so far are part of the axial skeleton the axial skeleton is everything kind of down the middle we've got the skull the maxilla mandible the sternum the ribs the vertebrae and the sacrum and coccyx that's all part of the axial skeleton everything else that i draw on the diagram all in blue is going to be part of the appendicular skeleton appendicular the same as appendage means things that are sticking out and so your arms and your legs sort of stick out from the main part of your torso which is why they get the name appendicular we'll start with the shoulder and the arms these two bones right here are your collar bones or clavicles you can feel your clavicle if you feel right there on your neck and those will connect from the sternum to your shoulder blades which is called your scapula your scapulas are posterior to your ribs or behind your ribs and they sort of slide around if you can feel your scapula you can feel it sliding around if you move your shoulders like this if you move your shoulders like this and your scapula and your clavicle which combined or known as the pectoral girdle are going to form a joint with this bone the humerus your humerus of course is also known as your funny bone so this is your shoulder joint clavicle scapula and the humerus if we follow the humerus from the proximal end down to the distal end it's going to connect at your elbow joint to two bones called the radius and the ulna of these two bones in the forearm the way to tell which is which is to find the one that's on your thumb side on your thumb side is going to be the radius and i think of it like this i take my thumb and i move it in a circle well circles have a radius the bone on the pinky side is called the ulna which is kind of a tiny little word like your tiny little pinky a lot of cute little ulna the reason i like to use the thumb and the pinky to remember which is which is because these bones actually move across each other whenever you turn your wrist like this watch as the radius goes back and forth over the ulna as mortimer moves his wrist which brings us to the bones in the hand the wrist bones right here are called the carpals and you've got a bunch of them you can see lots of tiny little bones there those are the carpals you can find those there in your wrist just distal to the wrist are the metacarpals and these are the bones of the hand so your metacarpals are these bones right across here so carpals metacarpals here the bones in your fingers are called phalanges high five yeah we're tight like that and one single phalanges bone is not a phalange it's called a phalanx so one phalanx or a bunch of phalanges so those are the bones of the arm we've got the clavicle the scapular shoulder blade in the back there we've got the humerus here we have the radius on the thumb side the ulna on the pinky side we have the carpals the metacarpals and the phalanges all right let's move down to the bones of the leg and we'll start with what we call the pelvic girdle the pelvic girdle is made of the pelvis which we see right here and that connects directly to the sacrum back in there now on mortimer you see all of the white which is the bone but you see this yellowish color here as well and you see it between the two halves of the pelvis that yellowish color right there is cartilage so there's actually a piece of cartilage between the two halves of the pelvis which we call the pubic symphysis we see this in the spine as well there's all of these yellowish discs right there those are called the intervertebral discs or the cartilage discs between each of the vertebrae and that just makes your spine a little bit more flexible and this makes your pelvis a little bit more flexible now the bones of the leg will start with this the femur which is the longest bone of the body the proximal end of the femur connects to the pelvis and the distal end of the femur this little bone called the patella or your kneecap and the patella can actually slide from here down over your knee as you bend it mortimer you're so flexible look at that range of motion we have two bones in the lower leg here we have the tibia which is going to be the bigger of the two bones that's also your shin bone so if you ever bang your shin on something you're hitting your tibia right here and there's not a lot of cushion between your tibia and the skin over your shin it's not like the back of your leg where you got your big calf muscle there for cushion that's why your shin is so vulnerable to painful collisions so you can feel your tibia your fibula though which is sort of surrounded by muscles on all sides you can't really feel that one as easily but this is the fibula right here so tibia is the big bone fibula is the smaller bone whoa cool ankle bracelet now in the foot itself we have your heel bone called the calcaneus wave with your foot the rest of the bones of the foot kind of mirror the bones of the hand instead of the carpals we have the tarsal bones so the tarsal bones are all here and then down here we have the calcaneus and if we have tarsals then we have metatarsals calcaneus tarsals metatarsals and finally the bones of your toes are also called phalanges easy enough to remember so go ahead and take a moment wiggle all of your phalanges your fingers and your toes phalanges all right let's go and review all the bones of the leg again we have the pelvis here and the pubic symphysis in between the two halves of the pelvis we've got the femur we've got the patella our kneecap we've got the tibia that's the bigger bone the shin bone we've got the fibula you can also remember that the fibula is always on the side i kind of remember it like it's got the word fib in it like it's lying about who it is it's like yeah i contribute a lot to the stability of the leg when really the tibia is doing all the work the fibula is sort of lying about its usefulness that's probably not completely true it probably is really important but that's how i remember tibia versus fibula the fibula it's lying it's not doing that much it's a smaller one and then we have the calcaneus or the heel bone we've got the tarsals the metatarsals and the phalanges all right now mortimer is going to provide us with the bones of the skeleton tour let's go here we have the skull of course we've got the frontal bone right there we've got the parietal bones on the top there we've got the occipital bone and of course the temporal bone on the side we've got the maxilla right there and the mandible down there and here's a view from the bottom that's kind of cool looking that big hole is where the spinal cord enters up into the brain all right you just chill right there for a second i'll be right back okay boss here we've got the sternum with the notch right there and then this protrusion sticking out right there we've got the costal cartilage which connects from the sternum to the ribs and of course we have five true ribs five false ribs and in the back here we can see the two floating ribs they don't connect to anything anymore around the back we've got cervical vertebrae up here eight of those twelve thoracic vertebrae that are all connected to one of the ribs the lumbar vertebrae we've got the sacrum and then the coccyx or the tailbone back to the front we've got the clavicle which connects from the sternum over to the scapula the scapula is kind of a strain shaped bone it's kind of a v shape right here plus it's got this protrusion sticking out right there that's your shoulder blade it connects to the humerus the humerus runs down here where it connects to the radius and the ulna here's the radius on the thumb side here's the ulna on the peaky side and of course we have got the carpals the metacarpals of the hand and then the phalanges up here we've got the pelvis and the pubic symphysis which is the cartilage between the two halves of the pelvis we've got the femur which runs all the way down here oop apparently more stand is broken we've got the patella or the kneecap we have the tibia that's the big bone there we've got the fibula the small bone down over here we've got the calcaneus that's the heel bone back there we've got the tarsals the metatarsals and then finally the phalanges there at the bottom all right thanks for the tour mortem oops thanks for the tour mortimer uh no problem can you put my head back on now uh no problem you got it all right here's a blank version of our diagram take a moment pause the video and see if you can identify all of the bones in the diagram all right here we have the skull and of course the skull contains the frontal bone parietal bone occipital bone temporal bone maxilla and mandible we've got the vertebrae which will include 8 cervical 12 thoracic 5 lumbar and then the sacrum and the coccyx we have the sternum and we have the costal cartilage branching out of the sternum which connect to the ribs we've got five true ribs five false ribs and two floating ribs in the back we have the pectoral girdle which includes the clavicle the scapula or shoulder blade the humerus the radius on the thumb side the ulna on the pinky side the carpals metacarpals and phalanges and then all of the leg bones we have the pelvis the pubic symphysis is a piece of cartilage between the halves of the pelvis the femur the kneecap called the patella we've got the tibia fibula calcaneus tarsals metatarsals and the phalanges of the feet and of course all these bones down the center are called the axial skeleton and all the bones of the arms and the legs are called the appendicular skeleton mortimer should we start a band what would i do well i could see no i can't sing really skull is connected to the cervical vertebrae cervical vertebra connected to the thoracic vertebrae the thoracic vertebra connected to the ribs the ribs are connected to the sternum the vertebrae also connected to the you know it's hard to do an anatomically correct version of that song