Module 4 NSG 533: Lecture on Insomnia

Jun 12, 2024

Lecture on Insomnia

Introduction

  • Definition: Insomnia is the inability to get restorative sleep.
  • Symptoms: Trouble falling asleep, waking up throughout the night, and difficulty returning to sleep. Occurs at least 3 times a week.
  • Types:
    • Acute insomnia: lasts less than a month.
    • Chronic insomnia: lasts more than a month.
  • Effects: Impacts both the quantity and quality of sleep, leading to daytime sleepiness, fatigue, irritability, anxiety, depression, and can cause professional and personal problems.

Causes

  • Can occur without an underlying cause.
  • Medical Conditions: Pulmonary diseases, psychiatric conditions, pain-related conditions.
  • Substance Use: Stimulants like caffeine, depressants like alcohol.
  • Daily Stresses: Work, relationships, night shifts, having a newborn baby.

Biological Factors

  • Elevated levels of cortisol (stress hormone).
  • Increased sensitivity to cortisol.
  • Reduced levels of estrogen and progesterone, especially during menopause.

Self-medication Risks

  • Alcohol: Physical and psychological changes, dependence, worsened sleep-wake cycle.
  • Benzodiazepines: High abuse potential, dependence, potential worsening of insomnia.

Treatment Methods

  1. Sleep Hygiene:
    • Consistent sleep and wake times.
    • Regular exercise (not before bed).
    • Reduce alcohol intake.
    • Avoid daytime naps.
    • Avoid caffeine and smoking in the evening.
    • Do not go to bed hungry.
  2. Stimulus Control:
    • Use the bed only for sleep.
    • Remove bright lights and minimize noise.
    • Use eye covers and earplugs if necessary.
    • Leave the bed if unable to sleep after 20 minutes and return when ready to sleep.
  3. Behavior Therapy:
    • Relaxation techniques.
    • Cognitive Behavior Therapy (CBT).
  4. Medications (short-term use):
    • Melatonin agonists.
    • Non-benzodiazepine sedatives.
    • Occasionally benzodiazepines.

Recap

  • Insomnia: Inability to achieve restorative sleep causing daytime sleepiness and fatigue.
  • Management includes good sleep hygiene, stimulus control, behavior therapy, and short-term medications.

Conclusion

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