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What are the risks associated with self-medicating insomnia with alcohol?
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Alcohol can cause physical and psychological changes, dependence, and worsen the sleep-wake cycle.
What role does stimulus control play in treating insomnia?
Using the bed only for sleep, removing bright lights and minimizing noise, using eye covers and earplugs, leaving the bed if unable to sleep after 20 minutes.
What are the primary symptoms of insomnia?
Trouble falling asleep, waking up throughout the night, and difficulty returning to sleep.
How can substance use impact insomnia?
Stimulants like caffeine and depressants like alcohol can disrupt sleep patterns.
Name at least three effects of insomnia on daily life.
Daytime sleepiness, fatigue, irritability, anxiety, depression, professional and personal problems.
How is acute insomnia different from chronic insomnia?
Acute insomnia lasts less than a month, while chronic insomnia lasts more than a month.
What is the definition of insomnia?
The inability to get restorative sleep.
How can changes in estrogen and progesterone levels affect sleep?
Reduced levels of estrogen and progesterone, especially during menopause, can lead to insomnia.
What are the potential issues with using benzodiazepines to treat insomnia?
High potential for abuse, dependence, and potential worsening of insomnia.
Explain the relationship between cortisol levels and insomnia.
Elevated levels of cortisol (stress hormone) and increased sensitivity to cortisol can contribute to insomnia.
What types of medical conditions can contribute to insomnia?
Pulmonary diseases, psychiatric conditions, pain-related conditions.
Name three types of medications that may be used for short-term treatment of insomnia.
Melatonin agonists, non-benzodiazepine sedatives, and occasionally benzodiazepines.
What behavioral techniques are used in treating insomnia?
Relaxation techniques and Cognitive Behavior Therapy (CBT).
Describe three components of good sleep hygiene for managing insomnia.
Consistent sleep and wake times, regular exercise (not before bed), reduce alcohol intake, avoid daytime naps, avoid caffeine and smoking in the evening, do not go to bed hungry.
Summarize the main strategies for managing insomnia as discussed in the lecture.
Good sleep hygiene, stimulus control, behavior therapy, and short-term use of medications.
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