Histology Lecture: Histology

Introduction to Histology

• Histology: Study of healthy tissues using a microscope.
• Cytology: Study of cells.
• Tissues are made up of cells, and cells are the building and functional units.

Sample Preparation Methods

• Experimental Animals: Using white mice to obtain tissues.
• Preservatives: Such as formalin to preserve tissues.
• Preparation Techniques:
  • Paraffin Technique: Most common.
  • Celloidin Technique.
  • Freezing Technique: Used in surgeries for quick diagnosis.

Using the Microscope

• Light Microscope: Magnification up to 1500 times, resolution 1 micrometer.
• Electron Microscope: Magnification of over 100,000 times, nanometer resolution.

Staining Colors for Samples

• Hematoxylin: Stains the nucleus blue.
• Eosin: Stains the cytoplasm red.

The Cell

• Building and Functional Unit: Vary in size and shape.
• Basic Components: Nucleus and cytoplasm.

Cell Membrane

• Composition: Two layers of phospholipids, proteins, and carbohydrates.
• Functions:
  • Transport: Simple and facilitated, active transport.
  • Reception: Receptors on the outer surface.

Clinical Applications

• Defective Growth Hormone Receptors: Can lead to short stature despite normal hormone levels.

These were the main points from the first lecture in histology, focusing on preparation techniques, using microscopes, understanding the structure and functions of cells, and the cell membrane.