Dr. Samuel Johnson's 'Preface to Shakespeare'

Introduction

• Author: Dr. Samuel Johnson
• Work: Criticism of Shakespeare's Plays
• Publication Year: 1765
• Significance: Considered a landmark in Shakespearean criticism

Features of Shakespeare

1. General Nature and Excellence

• Shakespeare combined tragedy and comedy to create tragicomedy.
• Included the philosophy of life and various types of passions.

2. Use of Unities

• According to Johnson, Shakespeare did not need to adhere to classical unities.
• The only necessary unity was the unity of action.

Shakespeare's Shortcomings

• Lack of Moral Purpose: Shakespeare's aim was to entertain the audience, not to educate.
• Loose Plot: There was looseness in Shakespeare's plots.
• Occasional Weak Speech and Excessive Use of Puns.

Johnson's Views

• Unity of Drama: Unity of action is sufficient.
• Practical Knowledge: Shakespeare’s plays contain the truths of life.
• Genius in Comedy: Shakespeare's comedy scenes came naturally.

Conclusion

• Johnson's criticism of Shakespeare was free from prejudice.
• Shakespeare's work is held in high regard throughout Europe.

These notes describe the important aspects and shortcomings of Shakespeare's plays as discussed by Dr. Samuel Johnson.