AEV Psychology Revision Video Summary

Resources Overview

• Psych Boost App: Available on iOS and Android; uses flashcards to test knowledge on AEV Psychology topics; Paper One is accessible for free.
• Patreon: Provides access to over 16 hours of tutorial support videos and hundreds of resources (paid access).

Caregiver-Infant Interactions

• Attachment: Deep emotional bonds between infants and caregivers.
  • Reciprocity: Interaction involving mutual turn-taking.
  • Interactional Synchrony: Coordinated, rhythmic interactions with matching emotional states.
  • Imitation: Infants copy caregiver expressions.
  • Sensitive Responsiveness: Correct caregiver response to infant signals.

Experiments

• Meto and Mo: Infants imitated facial gestures, showing early imitation abilities.
• Condon and Sander (1974): Videotaped interactional synchrony between adults and neonates.

Stages of Attachment (Schaer)

1. Asocial Stage (0-6 weeks): Babies form bonds with anyone.
2. Indiscriminate Attachment (6 weeks-7 months): Distinguish between familiar and unfamiliar people.
3. Specific Attachment (7-9 months): Strong attachment to primary caregiver; development of separation and stranger anxiety.
4. Multiple Attachments (9-10 months+): Attachments to multiple familiar caregivers.

Schaer and Emson (1964) Study

• Longitudinal study with Glasgow babies, showing stages in attachment development.
• High mundane realism but limited generalizability due to socio-economic and temporal context.

Role of the Father

• Father's Attachment: Majority of infants form an attachment with fathers.
• Active Play: Fathers engage in more active play, promoting risk-taking behaviors.
• Primary Caregiver Role: Fathers can exhibit sensitive responsiveness when primary caregivers.

Animal Studies of Attachment

• Lorenz (1935): Imprinting in geese, suggesting an evolutionary basis.
• Harlow (1958): Rhesus monkeys prefer comfort over food, challenging cupboard love theory.

Explanations of Attachment

• Learning Theory: Infants attach due to associations with food (classical and operant conditioning).
• Bowlby's Monotropic Theory: Innate drive for a strong attachment; critical period; internal working model as a template for relationships.

Ainsworth's Strange Situation and Cultural Variations

• Attachment Types:
  • Insecure Avoidant (Type A)
  • Secure (Type B)
  • Insecure Resistant (Type C)
• Strange Situation: Lab observation indicating attachment type through separation and stranger anxiety.
• Cultural Variations: Secure attachment prevalent globally; variations in attachment behaviors across cultures.

Maternal Deprivation (Bowlby)

• Deprivation during critical period leads to negative outcomes (delinquency, emotional and intellectual development issues).
• 44 Thieves Study: Links between deprivation and delinquency, though correlational.

Romanian Orphan Studies

• Rutter et al. (1998-2011): Long-term effects of institutionalization, highlighting the importance of early caregiving.

Internal Working Model

• Bowlby and later research argue early attachments shape future relationships.
• Hazan and Shaver (1987): Adult relationship patterns reflect early attachment types.

Closing Remarks

• Encouragement to use the Psych Boost app for practice.
• Gratitude towards Patreon supporters for contribution to educational content creation.