Overview
This lecture provides a complete revision of the "Swar Sandhi" topic for Class 9 Hindi (Course B), covering definitions, types, rules, examples, and relevant exercises.
Introduction to Sandhi and Swar Sandhi
- Sandhi refers to the transformation that occurs when two sounds combine.
- Swar Sandhi is the joining of two vowel sounds (Swar) resulting in a change.
- Example: Vidya + Aalaya = Vidyalaya (A + Aa merge as Aa).
Types of Swar Sandhi
- There are five types: Deergh Sandhi, Guna Sandhi, Vriddhi Sandhi, Yan Sandhi, and Ayadi Sandhi.
Rules and Examples for Each Type
Deergh Sandhi
- Combines identical vowels: a+a or aa+aa becomes aa; i+i becomes ee; u+u becomes uu.
- Examples: Param + Arth = Paramarth; Kavi + Ish = Kaveesh.
Guna Sandhi
- a + i/ee = e; a + u/oo = o; a + ri = ar.
- Examples: Maha + Utsav = Mahotsav; Dhan + Uparjan = Dhanoparjan.
Vriddhi Sandhi
- a + ai = ai; a + au = au.
- Examples: Maha + Aishwarya = Maheshwarya; Param + Aushad = Paramaushad.
Yan Sandhi
- i/ee + any other vowel = ya; u/oo + any other vowel = wa; ri + any vowel = ra.
- Examples: Ati + Adhik = Atyadhik; Su + Agat = Swagat.
Ayadi Sandhi
- a, aa, o, au with another vowel forms a combined sound per specific rules.
- Examples: Pau + Aai = Pauai; Pau + An = Pauan.
Exercises and Practice
- Students are asked to split and form words using Sandhi rules.
- Specific practice examples included: Girish (Giri + Ish), Sukti (Su + Ukti), Swagat (Su + Agat).
- Correct and incorrect identifications are discussed.
Key Terms & Definitions
- Sandhi — The change that occurs when two letters or sounds combine.
- Swar (Vowel) — Hindi vowel sounds such as a, aa, i, ee, u, oo, ri, e, ai, o, au.
- Swar Sandhi — Sandhi involving the combination of two vowel sounds.
- Deergh Sandhi — Merging identical vowels to form a long vowel.
- Guna Sandhi — Merging vowels to form intermediate sounds (e, o, ar).
- Vriddhi Sandhi — Merging to produce ai and au sounds.
- Yan Sandhi — Produces ya, wa, or ra after vowel merger.
- Ayadi Sandhi — Special vowel combinations, often with au or o.
Action Items / Next Steps
- Practice splitting and combining words as per Swar Sandhi rules.
- Review all five types and their examples for exams.
- Complete any assigned exercises or MCQs from the video.
- Watch the full revision again if needed for clarity.