Lecture Notes: The Global South

Introduction

• Topic of discussion: The Global South.
• Key objectives:
  • Discuss the ever-changing concept of the Global South.
  • Identify countries associated with the Global South.
  • Survey contemporary political and economic conditions in Latin America.

Understanding Global North and Global South

• Global North:
  • Countries in the northern hemisphere.
  • Economically developed nations.
• Global South:
  • Countries in the southern hemisphere.
  • Developing or economically struggling nations.
• Important Note:
  • Some countries in the southern hemisphere (e.g., Australia, New Zealand) are economically developed and classified as Global North.

Countries in the Global South

• Latin America as an Example:
  • Key countries associated with the Global South:
    • Mexico, Bahamas, Cuba, Jamaica, Belize, Guatemala, El Salvador, Honduras, Haiti, Dominican Republic, Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Panama, Venezuela, Guyana, Suriname, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Brazil, Bolivia, Paraguay, Uruguay, Argentina, Chile.
  • Common historical experience:
    • Most countries experienced colonization (e.g., by Spain in the 15th century).
    • Similar cultural and socio-economic conditions.

Economic Conditions in Latin America

• Trade Alliances:
  • Pacific Alliance: Focuses on participatory integration for free movement and trade.
  • Mercosur: Focuses on competitive integration of national economies into international markets.
• Globalization:
  • Countries aim for free trade alliances to boost profits and fund social services.
• Challenges Faced:
  • Political instability, poverty, and economic instability are prevalent in the region.
  • Historical political struggles and corruption are significant issues.

Political Landscape in Latin America

• Cuba Example:
  • Contrast between modern infrastructure and historical political challenges.
  • Rich cultural history despite economic and political struggles.
• General Observations:
  • Latin America has a colorful political scene with ongoing revolutions and changes.
  • Economic conditions have been historically unstable.

Current Trends and Future Outlook

• Morgan Stanley 2016 Observation:
  • Latin America is crucial for accelerating the global economy.
  • Brazil and Argentina are recovering from economic turmoil.
  • Political and policy choices play a critical role in economic growth.
• Reflection Questions:
  • Considerations on leadership, corruption, and political stability in achieving Global North status.
  • What responsibilities do individuals have to help their country develop?

Conclusion

• Importance of understanding the concept of the Global South, especially in the context of the Philippines.
• Future discussions will focus on Asian regionalism and globalization.
• Encouragement to engage with the materials and reflect on the responsibilities for national development.