i've taken the liberty of writing all six types of feedback on the screen for you there are actually a couple of others which we don't cover on this course but nevertheless and you might be thinking well james i don't need to do any more work you've done it all for me it's all there and yes you're very welcome to pause the video and you're very welcome to know these things down but i really want to sort of number these number one number two number three number four number five number six and we're going to go through all six and we're going to make sure that we are evaluative looking at the strengths and the weaknesses of these feedback methods as we go so i remind you what they mean as we sort of make progress but it's really important from my perspective that we act evaluatively remember the feedback is information let's go let's jump straight into it and give an example of that positive feedback as we can see there is information about success so something goes right for us and we get information it could be a coach feeding back to us nice shot you got low in the tackle it could be that we felt in balance and the good strike on the ball whatever it happens to be what are the strengths and weaknesses of this well the first one is the strength and positive feedback strengthens the sr bond now if you're not sure what the sr bond means that probably means you have not studied lessons yet on operant conditioning but i'll leave you to go back to that if that's what you need to do here it also positive feedback it reinforces skill learning so it gives the sense that yeah the learning i've done is accurate and it's going to mean that you're more likely to learn better before better in the future getting positive feedback let's say a coach's comment is also really good for motivation it up arrow increases motivation because we're doing well no surprise there it's really important for our cognitive stage learners so our youngsters our beginners our novices these learners really need to have that kind of positive feedback and it also builds confidence we feel good because we get this um we get this positive feedback no i'm sure that won't be a surprise to you it probably is exactly how your life works now there are some negatives to positive feedback first of all it's sometimes sometimes for the wrong action so someone might say well done to you for doing something which is either technically wrong or maybe a performance acted aggressively or violently and a coach you know as a bit deviant as oh that was great whatever this reinforces the wrong thing strengthens the wrong sr bond it's also if uh positive feedback is unspecific it's ineffective okay so if i say to you hey you're learning well what does that mean it's unspecific and it doesn't tell us any information to take forward with us all right so if we say uh well done in your tackle not not helpful if we say to a performer you got really low on that performer and tackle you know you basically tackle like you're tackling a number eight in rugby you got low tuck the knees etc etc that gives some information the other thing is positive does not always tell you what to do next does not always tell you what to do and the examples i've just given are examples of that right where if we if we don't give that sort of coaching information say it doesn't tell us what's next now of course we also have negative feedback and with our negative we're going to go through the same process negative feedback is information on unsuccessful performance so why would this be positive for us well the first thing is it's more motivating for some people now i want to really stress this point not all people are motivated by getting told they're doing great some people need criticism or negative information to go about improving what it is that they're doing and to feel driven i've coached lots of performers of this mentality actually it also gives areas for improvement so if you think about negative feedback let's say um let's say a golf tee golf pro basically says look your backswing was not high enough i didn't hold a moment's stillness there that's negative feedback but it gives something to work on right that's obviously an important one we need to stress this particularly important for autonomous stage learners pros experts they want this they want the detail they want to know what's wrong it's really good for fine detail we could talk about refinement negative feedback is where growth and learning and improvement potentially can happen and it also prevents drive reduction and what i mean by this is it keeps setting new goals for the performer in other words it doesn't allow drive to reduce because the new goal is set and the negative feedback gives the context of that new goal however it demotivates some you may well be of this mentality if someone provides you criticism that oh it's not good i wish i was doing better well that's an interesting one to reflect on it can reduce confidence for some reduces confidence but again can i underline that sort of notion of the sum it's very much a personal thing it um we could also argue it does not tell them what they did right okay does not tell them what they did right and believe me some people are only used to being told what they did right okay and that's an interesting reflection for you to make in your own life do you welcome and absorb criticism that's actually an interesting measure of oneself and it's also no good for cognitive stage learners cognitive stage learners basically need that building effect of positive positive feedback now we're going to take this further and we're going to have a look at kop kop for me is going to be written in green so i'm going to put into this page because we're using green for the positive parts kop by the way is what we refer to as knowledge of performance okay so make sure you know what that acronym is it's knowledge of performance and as we've said above this is all about the quality of performance it is about how good the technique was feedback on that so where does this tend to come from and what are the strengths and weaknesses of this well the first thing we can say about kop and there's lots of positives by the way is it's really good for a kinesthetic sense because it tends to come from the feeling of the skill whether it was balance whether what our proprioceptors are telling us that's really really good it's also really good when you're competing against strong opposition so if you're likely to go into a match or race whatever it happens to be and you're pretty sure you're going to lose because you're playing against someone that's really really strong kop's really important because it allows you to focus on the positives so let me put on focus on positives okay so if you're if you're getting thrashed in a tennis match but your coach was to say to you for example your first service which is really good today that gives you something positive to work on and some knowledge of performance it also tells you how to improve because you're focusing on technique that's really important because it gives you that mechanism to move forward in the future it's really essential for skill learning so unless we get kop we can't really learn skills because skill learning comes from understanding broadly conditioning would suggest otherwise but it comes about from knowing what's required it's really good for repo refinement fine details really good for expert learners for that reason it's really good for up arrow raising confidence because it makes the work controllable by the performer it's also really good for motivation okay so people get motivated by this so they know what the techniques are it also means this is a really nice one here lovely pointless the errors are detected concurrently so errors can actually be addressed in the performance concurrently means meanwhile right it's really good for closed skills or absolutely crucial we should say for closed skills you know closed skills are not environmentally influenced therefore they can be really honed now these are the positives now what you notice here there's only a hand a tiny bit of space for negative well what we're going to say here is it's detrimental which means negative worse worsening inhibiting if inaccurate so that is not actually a weakness of kop but if someone gives you an accurate kop then that's obviously a weakness some want outcomes some don't care about the process did i win did i lose did i do well that's what they want to know and some people just want that kop can cause overload because of course there's huge amounts of data potentially available and also that kinesthesis takes time now what we're going to go on to is we're going to have a look at the knowledge of results now just to remind you knowledge of results is information about the outcome it's terminal it's at the end so we are interested in kor the knowledge of results so what's positive and negative here well it's important for learning what i mean by that is that you can be in a false environment where someone's just talking about technique all the time or knowledge of performance and at the end of the day just want to know like am i good at it am i scoring am i winning but korr is really important too for beginners as is kop by the way they need to know whether the ball went in the hoop or whatever it happens to be it's really important for experts or autonomous stage learners as well folks they're very results results-focused it's also really good for motivation especially if the results are positive of course it's really good for satisfaction you know i can tell i'm getting better at this because i'm winning more for example it helps with satisfaction it needs to be linked to kop so don't see these feedback methods as separate and distinct and discreet they are in fact linked and need to be used in combination that's the adaptability of not only a coach but of a leader right and also the other thing with um knowledge of results is it's measurable it's objective it is for example did i win lose did i score what was my time but there are negatives of course and those negatives are that results can demotivate especially if the results are not considered to be satisfactory or winning or whatever it happens to be they also lack detail okay so about the performance itself of course that's where we combine it for that reason it can be unrepresentative and what we mean by this is that the performer might have performed brilliantly kop but they lost it's therefore unrepresentative now we're going to finish this off with two further types of feedback and i know you think god james is going on a bit i do completely accept that this is a very very chunky tutorial but we are getting through a lot here i'm going to look at pink intrinsic feedback from within kinesthesis proprioception equilibrium okay guys this is what we're gonna focus on now so we are talking here about intrinsic feedback much of which we've kind of addressed already but what are the positives of this feeling of the skill well first of all we know we know that it's constantly available okay so no matter whether your coach feeds back to you or not you can feel the skill when you do it that makes it very um useful therefore you're not reliant on other people that's very helpful it means you can practice on your own we can also say that intrinsic from within the feeling of the skill is concurrent it's happening while you're doing it therefore you can make adjustments think about the skier who would just to not fall over by rebalancing themselves for example it's really important for our autonomous stage learners our autonomous stage learners absolutely rely on intrinsic control and it's beautiful for self-correction so people can self-correct they can effectively self-teach self-coach but there are a couple of weaknesses it's no good for cognitive stage learners if you think about a novice they just don't have the kinesthetic sense of what skill should feel like and the other thing is it depends on schema now a schema is a generalized memory trace of a skill now if that schema is not broad enough the intrinsic feedback it doesn't matter how many times you do it you don't know what it's meant to feel like so of course if you haven't got that you haven't got that and to finish off with we're now going to look at extrinsic feedback i think we had it in this kind of minty color we're now going to look at extrinsic feedback this is going to be from others of course it's going to be from let's say your coach it could be so what do we see here we see that other people have a different interpretation to the performer themselves so you can get information from others that you might not know yourself that's really valuable it's really good if you've got an experienced coach so if you've got a coach behind you and they know what they're doing you should be milking them for information that's what it's for it's also really important for cognitive stage learners young people novices begins they need to know what they're doing right wrong and an experienced person's going to do that with them it's harder however to do concurrently so you can do extrinsic feedback and currently while let's say games happening but it's much harder by definition it does not provide kinesthesis okay so it's not providing an intrinsic feeling of the skill therefore you know we're relying on others it's not always available because of course you might be waiting for the coach to come around to you if you're in a group you may have experienced at times where the coach repeated you don't always get a coaching point right and the other thing is it's often team based and what we mean by that is that we really want feedback as much as possible to be individualized and extrinsic feedback is often presented to groups they are six types of feedback i appreciate your attention in an epic tutorial thanks