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Explain the dual role of the liver in glucose regulation.
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The liver stores glucose when blood sugar levels are high and releases stored glucose in response to glucagon when blood sugar is low.
List the symptoms associated with hyperglycemia in Diabetes Mellitus.
High blood sugar levels, cells unable to use glucose for energy, fatigue, tiredness, dehydration, and increased thirst.
What occurs to blood sugar levels when carbohydrates are absorbed into the bloodstream?
Glucose levels in the blood increase, leading to the release of insulin by the pancreas.
Which nutrients are primarily involved in energy production related to blood sugar regulation?
Fat, Protein, and Carbohydrates (CHO), with a focus on Carbohydrates.
Explain the role of the pancreas in blood glucose regulation.
The pancreas releases insulin when blood glucose increases, enabling glucose to enter muscle cells for energy and the liver for storage.
Why do cells remain unable to use glucose in the case of insulin malfunction?
Without proper insulin function, glucose cannot enter the cells and remains in the bloodstream, leading to hyperglycemia.
How do muscle cells use glucose in the context of blood glucose regulation?
Muscle cells use glucose for energy once insulin enables its entry into the cells.
What happens to carbohydrates during digestion related to blood glucose levels?
Carbohydrates are digested into glucose in the intestines, which is then absorbed into the bloodstream and travels to muscle cells or the liver.
Discuss the long-term effects of persistent hyperglycemia on the body.
Long-term hyperglycemia can damage vital organs such as nerves, eyes, and kidneys.
What is the role of glucagon in blood sugar regulation?
Glucagon is released by the pancreas when blood sugar is low and stimulates the liver to release stored glucose.
What happens in the body when insulin malfunctions or is insufficient?
The pancreas may produce very little to no insulin or cells may not respond to insulin, leading to a predominance of glucagon and hyperglycemia.
What causes the syndrome known as Diabetes Mellitus?
Insulin malfunction, resulting in dysregulation of blood sugar levels and leading to hyperglycemia.
How does the balance between insulin and glucagon maintain blood glucose levels?
Insulin decreases blood glucose by enabling glucose entry into cells, while glucagon increases blood glucose by releasing stored glucose.
Describe the function of insulin in the body.
Insulin acts as a key to unlock cells for glucose entry, enabling glucose to enter muscle cells for energy and the liver for storage.
Why does the body experience dehydration and increased thirst in hyperglycemia?
The body attempts to dilute the high blood glucose by increasing fluid intake, leading to dehydration and thirst.
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