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What is the main purpose of making observations in Earth Science?
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To use the five senses to notice details about the environment.
What are the three main spheres of Earth?
The lithosphere (solid material), hydrosphere (water), and atmosphere (air/gases).
How can you determine the direction of river flow using contour lines?
Contour lines bend upstream, so the river flows opposite the direction of the bend.
What happens to the density of an object if it is cut in half?
Its density remains unchanged, as density is an intrinsic property.
Describe the actual shape of the Earth.
The Earth is an oblate spheroid, meaning it is wider at the equator and slightly flattened at the poles.
How are latitude and longitude lines used to map Earth?
Latitude lines run east-west and measure north-south, while longitude lines measure east-west starting at the prime meridian.
What evidence supports Earth's shape as an oblate spheroid?
Photographs from space confirm that Earth is an oblate spheroid.
Explain the relationship between temperature, volume, and density.
As temperature increases, volume increases, and density decreases. This is due to the expansion of materials with heat, causing lower density.
How does inference differ from observation in scientific methods?
Inference involves drawing conclusions based on observations, similar to making predictions.
Why do you weigh more at the poles than at the equator?
You weigh more at the poles due to being closer to Earth's inner core, resulting in a stronger gravitational pull.
Calculate the rate of change if the change in value is 200 meters over a period of 4 minutes.
Rate of change = 200 meters / 4 minutes = 50 meters/minute.
What gases make up Earth's atmosphere and their approximate percentages?
The atmosphere is made up of 78% nitrogen, with the remaining being oxygen and other trace gases.
How does the altitude of Polaris relate to an observer's location?
The altitude of Polaris in the sky equals the observer's latitude.
How do contour lines indicate the slope of land on a map?
Close contour lines indicate a steep slope, while lines far apart indicate a gradual slope.
Explain the significance of iso lines on contour maps.
Iso lines connect points of equal value, representing various data like elevation, temperature, or pressure.
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