Teacher Melvin's Healthy Tips and Science Adventure

Healthy Tips for Screen Time

1. Sit Properly

   • Ensure your back is touching the chair backrest for proper support.

2. Change Positions Regularly

   • Alternate between sitting on the couch, chair, or floor when watching for long periods.

3. Keep Dim Lighting

   • Maintain dim lighting in the room to avoid eye damage over time.

4. Stretch During Breaks

   • Use commercial breaks to stand, walk around, and do gentle stretches.

5. Avoid Watching TV in Bed

   • This can lead to neck and back pain.

Introduction to Plate Tectonics

• Teacher Melvin: Your guide for learning about science.
• Key Concept: Plate tectonics explains the features and movements of the Earth's surface, linked to active volcanoes, earthquakes, and mountain ranges.

Activity: Mystery Word Challenge

• Objective: Fill up the fuel canister by answering mystery words related to earth science.
• Levels of challenge:
  1. Epicenter: The point on the Earth's surface directly above the focus of an earthquake.
  2. Mountain: A landform higher than a hill.
  3. Seismograph: An instrument for measuring and recording earthquakes.
  4. Earthquake: A shaking of the Earth due to tectonic or volcanic activities.
  5. Volcano: A vent in the Earth's crust through which lava, ash, and gases erupt.
• Outcome: Gathered five gold coins to fuel the canister to 100%.

Understanding Earth's Structure

• Layers of Earth:
  • Lithosphere: The solid outer part including the crust.
  • Asthenosphere: The upper mantle beneath the lithosphere, softer due to high pressure and temperatures, allowing convection.
• Plate Tectonics Theory: The lithosphere is broken into plates that move and interact.

Earthquake and Volcano Distribution

• Earthquake Map: Shows epicenters concentrated in narrow zones, often near edges of continents and in oceans.
• Volcano Map: Active volcanoes also concentrated along continental edges, especially in the Pacific region and Southeast Asia.
• Mountain Range Map: Highlights major mountain ranges, including the Himalayas and the Sierra Madre in the Philippines.

Relationship Between Earth Features

• Key Idea: Earthquakes, volcanoes, and mountain ranges are closely related due to the movement of tectonic plates.
• Tectonic Activity: Movement can cause earthquakes and lead to volcanic eruptions.

The Ring of Fire

• Definition: A geologically active area around the Pacific Ocean with frequent earthquakes and volcanic activity.
• Significance: About 90% of the world's earthquakes occur in this region.

Activity: Recircle the Ring

• Objective: Identify active volcanoes' locations relating to tectonic plate movement using maps.
• Example Volcanoes:
  • Mount Pinatubo: Notable for its eruption in 1991.
  • Mount Fuji and Mount St. Helens: Other significant volcanoes.

Pop Quiz Highlights

• Questions Covered:
  1. Which ocean has a ring of volcanoes? - Pacific
  2. Which Philippine volcano had a major eruption in 1991? - Mount Pinatubo
  3. Longest mountain range in the Philippines? - Cordillera Central
  4. Which location has no volcanic or earthquake activity? - Australia
  5. Location description of earthquakes and volcanoes? - Situated in the same location.

Conclusion

• Next Episode: Exploring areas in the Philippines vulnerable to natural hazards.
• Key Reminder: Science is fun for everyone, keep learning and exploring.