[Music] to start today's episode these are the five wonder tips for you to remember to keep your back neck and eyes healthy while indulging in some screen time this is teacher melvin's healthy tips for everyone number one sit properly so you are well supported your back should be touching the chair back rest number two change your position regularly if you are watching for long periods take turns sitting on the couch chair or floor number three keep dim lighting on in the room rather than no lighting strong or no lighting may lead to eye damage over time number four stretch use commercial breaks to change positions to get up and walk around and to do gentle stretches number five don't watch tv in bed as this often leads to neck and back ache there you are now ready to begin hello wonder warriors it's me teacher melvin your companion to your wonder science adventures learn everything honor the sun because here at deputy v great and science is fun so buckle up and get ready to power your mind this is wonder science whether you are at the peak of the highest mountain in the world or from the deepest ocean trench there is one thing that explains the features and movement of the earth's surface in the present and the past plate tectonics for today's exploration you will learn about plate tectonics based on the distribution of active volcanoes earthquake epicenters and mountain ranges on our planet i'm thrilled to explore these concepts with you today can you hear that that's the warning signal coming from the fuel canister of the vessel we're losing fuel i need your help fill up the fuel canister if i get five gold coins i can feel the fuel two hundred percent are you up for the challenge for this activity you will need to prepare the following materials pen fill and a piece of paper now that you have prepared the materials needed allow me to share the rules of the challenge i will give you three hints which can be a word or a phrase there will be five levels that we need to pass in order to get the gold coins for every level i will show you with a mystery word with some missing letters you will need to write the correct word in the piece of paper for every correct answer we will get a gold coin again we need five gold coins to fuel the canister to 100 and by the way you only have five seconds to write the correct word are you now ready wonder warriors let's play what's the mystery word challenge level one here are the hints location above the focus earthquake what is the mystery word awesome the mystery word is at the center the epicenter is the part of the earth's surface directly above the focus of an earthquake level two here are the hints land form steep slopes larger than hills what is the mystery word marvelous the mystery word is mountain a mountain is a landmass that projects above its surroundings and is higher than a hill level three here are the hints instrument detect and measure intensity record earthquakes what is the mystery word [Music] incredible the mystery word is seismograph a seismograph is an apparatus to measure and record vibrations within the earth and off the ground level four here are the hints violence shaking destruction movement within the earth's crust what is the mystery word amazing the mystery word is earthquake an earthquake is a shaking or trembling of the earth that is volcanic or tectonic in origin level five here are the hints opening earth's crust molten rock what is the mystery word great the mystery word is volcano a volcano on earth is a vent or feature in the planet's crust through which lava ash rock and gases erupt there we have gathered five gold coins that means we can increase the fuel canister to one hundred percent that's great how many words have you correctly remembered i'm happy to know that you can still recall important scientific terms which you learned in your previous science explorations let's explore more [Music] did you know that the ground we stand on is always moving wonder warriors let's zoom in below the cross on which we live is the earth's mantle the 100 kilometer thick layer of solid rock including the crust is called the lithosphere the upper mantle that lies beneath the lithosphere is called the asthenosphere the asthenosphere is also solid but the rock here is softer due to high pressure and high temperatures in some ways the consistency of the asthenosphere can be compared to that of a butter even though it is solid it can be pressed and molded differences in temperatures between the inner and outer parts of the asthenosphere allow convection to occur convection in the asthenosphere forms the foundation of plate tectonics according to the plate tectonics theory the entire lithosphere of the earth is broken into numerous segments called plates and now please refer to your self-learning module take a look at this figure [Music] what does the figure show the figure shows the moving plates of the earth can you see the arrows what does the arrow imply the arrows show the direction of the plate movement and other lines are default lines now let's zoom out a little the earth has small and large plates there are seven relatively large plates and several smaller ones including the philippine plate can you recall the seven large baits these include african antarctic duration north american south american india australian and the pacific place spectacular i'm happy to know that you can still recall the seven large plates whether large or small these plates relate to natural phenomenon or geologic activities such as earthquakes volcanisms and mountain formations to better understand this let us perform this activity for this one you may refer again to yourself learning module i'm going to share three maps which you need to observe carefully [Music] draw your attention to this map what does the map show this map shows the earthquake distribution around the world the dark areas of the map are the earthquake epicenters take note of the areas where they are closely situated based on the map how are earthquakes distributed the world's earthquakes are not randomly distributed over the earth's surface they tend to be concentrated in narrow zones and where are they situated some are located near the edges of the continents some are in the mid-continents while others are in the ocean now let's have the second map what does the map show this map shows the earth's major volcanoes take note that the dark dots are the active volcanoes and how are volcanoes distributed volcanoes too are not randomly distributed majority of them are found along edges of some continents and where are they situated majority are found along the edges of some continents particularly in the western coast of north and south america east and southeast asia and finally take a look at the third map what does this map show our third map shows the distribution of the earth's mountain ranges take note that the coarse and darker areas in the map are the mountain ranges of the world the himalayas are the great mountain system of asia this include the highest mountains in the world with more than 110 peaks rising to elevations of 24 000 feet or more above the sea level one of those is the mount everest the world's highest with an elevation of 29 035 feet the cordillera central more commonly known as the cordelieras is a gigantic array of mountains dominating the whole western half of northern luzon it is the largest of all the mountain ranges in the philippines constituting around a sixth of the entire land area of the zone from north to south the entire cordillera central spans 320 kilometers long and encompasses all the provinces of the cordillera administrative region another notable mountain range is the sierra madre also known as the backbone of luzon did you know that shera madre is the longest mountain range in the philippines it covers the northeast coast of luzon island serving as natural shield against typhoons coming from the pacific ocean the range also comprises numerous watersheds that serves the adjacent agricultural lands in central luzon and kageyang valley how's the learning exploration so far wonder warriors always remember to take note of the important details in a piece of paper by taking notes you can easily remember what you learned in the activity got it way to go wonder warriors you observed in the activity that earthquake epicenters volcanoes and mountain ranges are close to each other if not situated in the same locations have you ever wondered how this could be possible let's zoom in remember that plates are in constant motion as they interrupt along their margins important geologic processes take place such as the formation of major mountain ranges active volcanoes and earthquake epicenters it means to say that where there are earthquakes crust can either meet or move apart and form mountains and volcanoes plate movements may result in earthquakes and earthquakes may happen any time either on land or underwater earthquakes on land can be caused either by tectonic plate movement or volcanic eruptions earthquakes under the sea can cause a tsunami according to experts it is estimated that there are 500 000 detectable earthquakes in the world each year one hundred thousand of those can be felt and one hundred of them can cause damage our country the philippines is situated in a place where plate tectonics are very evident the ring of fire it is a long chain of volcanoes and other tectonically active structures that surround the pacific ocean the ring of fire is one of the most geologically active areas on earth and a site for frequent earthquakes and powerful volcanic eruptions did you know that the ring of fire is also called as the circum-pacific belt and about 90 percent of the world's earthquakes occur there to better understand this let us perform an enrichment activity let's call this activity as the re-circle the ring for this activity you will need the following materials a separate piece of paper a pencil and your self learning module to start take a look at this figure [Music] what do you see it shows the active volcanoes represented as triangles all over the pacific region let's label this figure as one and compare this to another figure and label it as two you will realize that the active volcanoes shown in the figure 1 are also situated in the areas of the plate movement as shown in figure 2. can you spot it using the map in figure 1 which volcano is familiar to you and why you probably say mount pinatubo an active volcano located on the island of luzon in the philippines at the intersection of the borders of the provinces of zambales and pampanga did you know that on june 15 1991 mount pinatubo volcano exploded which was the second largest volcanic eruption in the 20th century [Music] other notable volcanoes include the mount fuji in japan which is an active volcano it stands at 3776 meters and the mount st helens in washington which is known as the world's famous natural laboratory for the study of the earth's processes and also nature's response to catastrophe why this area is called the pacific ring of fire that's because active volcanoes faults and earthquake epicenters almost surround the pacific region so there you have just learned about the plate tectonics based on the distribution of active volcanoes earthquake epicenters and mountain ranges on our planet wonder warriors let us see if we have grasped the essence of today's exploration let's have a five item pop quiz kindly prepare your paper and pen for this pop quiz i will read the question and choices once you are only given five seconds to write the letter of the correct answer for each question you will be given one gold coin for every correct answer are you ready wonder warriors let's play science factories [Music] question number one which ocean has a ring of volcanoes around it a arctic b atlantic c indian d pacific [Music] [Applause] the correct answer is letter d pacific question number two which famous philippine volcano is usually seen in the world map due to its violent eruption in 1991. a mount bulusan b mount khan leon c mount mayon [Applause] [Music] the correct answer is letter d mount pinatubo [Music] question number three which of the following is considered the longest mountain range in the philippines a cordeliera central b taguma c diwata d [Applause] the correct answer is letter d [Music] question number four all of these have volcano or earthquake activities except a australia b japan c mexico d philippines [Music] the correct answer is letter a australia question number five how do you describe the location of earthquake epicenters active volcanoes and moving plates in the pacific ring of fire a they are all over the place b they are concentrated in one area c they are situated in the same location a d they are strategically plotted in clusters [Applause] [Music] the correct answer is letter c we are situated in the same location great how many gold coins have you collected well done wonder warriors keep exploring and never stop learning for our next episode we will explore the different areas in the philippines that are prone or vulnerable to natural phenomena such as geophysical hazards see you next time for our next science exploration feel free to share what you learned today by posting it in facebook using wonderlearner and that ends our wonder adventure for today but don't worry more science adventures are coming your way always remember science is fun for everyone this has been your wonder explorer teacher melvin see you next time for another episode of wonder adventures only here at deputy [Music] [Music] [Music] [Music] you