Notes on Nationalism in India Lecture

Introduction

Lecturer: शुभम पाठक
Subject: Class 10 SST and Biology
Chapter: Nationalism in India
Overview: Discussion on the rise of nationalism in India, relatable and emotionally engaging topic.

Similarities to European nationalism, particularly the impact of the French Revolution.
Initial sentiments of nationalism in India arose from the colonial government (British rule).

First World War (1914-1918): Major influences on India's economic and political situation.
- Direct involvement of British Government.
- Increased defense spending and custom duties to fund the war.
- Forced recruitment in the army, leading to resentment.
- Economic hardships due to crop failures and inflation.
- Introduction of income tax on Indian citizens.
Economic Impact: The economic burden due to the war and subsequent hardships led to unity among the populace against a common enemy.

Mahatma Gandhi: Returned from South Africa in 1915, introduced the concept of Satyagraha (non-violent protest).
Bhagat Singh and other leaders played significant roles in shaping the nationalist movements.

Key Satyagraha Movements (Remember with the acronym CAKE):
- C: Chhampaaran (1917) - Indigo farmers' protest in Bihar.
- A: Ahmedabad (1918) - Cotton mill workers' protest for wage increases.
- K: Kheda (1918) - Farmers' demand for tax relief due to plague.
- E: The struggle for independence (general movements).

April 13, 1919: General Dyer ordered a massacre at Jallianwala Bagh leading to widespread anger and protests.

Indian National Congress (INC): Coordinated several movements under Gandhi’s leadership.
Initial reluctance from some communities to join the movements, but Gandhi’s efforts eventually unified various sects.

Launched as a response to the Rowlatt Act and increasing repression.
Encouraged Indians to boycott British goods, institutions, and honors.
Initial success but later faced challenges due to economic limitations and internal divisions.

Split between rich and poor farmers, leading to discontent.
The movement faced a violent incident at Chauri Chaura, leading Gandhi to withdraw the movement in 1922.

The journey of nationalism in India involved numerous protests, movements, and significant sacrifices.
Cultural aspects such as literature, art, and music played a crucial role in fostering a sense of unity and identity among Indians.

Satyagraha: Non-violent resistance.
Rowlatt Act: Law allowing for detention without trial.
Chauri Chaura Incident: Turning point leading to the withdrawal of the Non-Cooperation Movement.
Mahatma Gandhi: Leader advocating for non-violent resistance.