Lecture Notes (GK Pawai's Series Part 3)

Lecture 13 Overview

• Late start due to technical issues with door lock repair
• New interface tested for delivering the lecture

Supreme Court Articles

• Part Four, Chapter Four: Articles 124 to 147
  • Established January 28, 1950
  • Composition: 1 Chief Justice (CGI) + 33 judges
• Article 124 to 131: Discussed earlier
• Articles 132, 133, 134: Appellate Jurisdiction
  • Article 132: Certain Matters
  • Article 133: Civil Matters
  • Article 134: Criminal Matters
• Article 140: Subsidiary powers of the Supreme Court
• Article 141: Supreme Court orders binding on all courts
• Article 142: Complete justice (e.g., Bhopal Gas Tragedy)
• Article 143: Advisory Jurisdiction (President's consultation)
  • Pre-constitution treaty matters, General public importance
• Article 137: Judicial Review
  • From the US Constitution
• Miscellaneous Articles:
  • Article 129 & 130: From the previous discussion

Questions and Topics Discussed

Supreme Court Jurisdictions

• Applet Jurisdiction: Articles 132-134
  • Article 132: Jurisdiction in certain matters
  • Article 133: Civil matters
  • Article 134: Criminal matters
• Original Jurisdiction: Article 131
  • Center-State & State disputes

Chemistry Concepts

• Question on Electron Affinity
  • Likelihood of neutral atom gaining an electron: Electron Affinity
  • Electron gain enthalpy: energy released when electron is added
  • Electronegativity: Tendency to attract electrons
• Periodic Table Trends
  • Left to right: Increases
  • Top to bottom: Decreases

Branches of Government

• Legislator: Makes laws, Parliament (Lok Sabha, Rajya Sabha, President)
• Executive: Implements laws, Government and Traffic Police, PM and Council of Ministers
• Judiciary: Ensures laws are implemented correctly, resolves disputes
• Article for Separation of Judiciary and Executive: To be confirmed from previous lectures

Theosophical Society and Annie Besant

• Founded in 1875: HQ initially in New York, moved to Adyar, Madras in 1882
• Founders: MS Olcott and HP Blavatsky
• Annie Besant's Contributions: First woman President of Congress in 1917, Home Rule League co-founder
• Relation with Arya Samaj & Indian Metrology Dept: Formed in the same year, contributions by Annie Besant

Budget Components

• Revenue vs Capital: Money comes in (receipt), money goes out (expenditure)
  • Frequent Receipts: Tax, fines (revenue)
  • One-time Receipts: Loans, selling assets (capital)
  • Revenue Expenditure: Salaries, pensions, interest
  • Capital Expenditure: Creating assets, infrastructure

Adulteration and Food Safety

• Adulteration in Paprika: Sudan dye
• Preservatives: Sodium benzoate, sodium nitrite, acetic acid

Contribution of Indian Musicians and Instruments

• Mohan Shyam Sharma: Pakhawaj
• Famous Instrumentalists
  • Tabla: Zakir Hussain
  • Sarod: Amjad Ali Khan
  • Pakhawaj: Totaram Sharma, Ram Sharma

Historical Reports and Commissions

• Hunter Education Commission (1882)
  • Primary education emphasis, women education outside presidency towns
  • District & municipality boards for control
  • No stance against private initiatives in education

Fundamental Rights Related Reports

• Tej Bahadur Sapru Report (1945): Minority political and civil rights
• Motilal Nehru Report (1928): Response to Simon Commission, rights of minorities
• Sarkaria Commission (1983): Centre-State relations
• Inter State Council (Article 263): PM as chairman

Important Figures and Movements

• Jainism and Mahavir
  • Panch Vrat: Non-violence, truth, non-stealing (Asteya), celibacy, Aparigraha
• Shahjahan's Successor
  • Desired Dara Shikoh, actual successor Aurangzeb after battles (1658)
• Delhi Sultanate
  • Lodi Dynasty: Founded Agra by Sikandar Lodi

Miscellaneous Topics

• General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT): Eighth round known as the Uruguay Round concluded in 1994, leading to the WTO
• Crude Birth Rate: Number of live births per 1000 people annually, 21.8 per 1000 in India (2011)