Transcript for:
Lecture 13 (GK Pawai's Series Part 3)

So hello everyone and good morning everyone, I hope my voice is reaching everyone properly, today we have lecture number 13 of GK Pawai's series part 3, it is fine and today it was to come at 10:4 but today my There is no mistake, okay, today it is not because of me that you are late, actually a little lock of the door was damaged, so due to getting it repaired, it got delayed. Yes, once you confirm, everything is proper, good morning. Everyone Akshita Vishal Sharma ji Anjali Okay, so let's start, today there will be a slightly different format, that is, a slightly different interface, you will feel the new interface, I am trying it, so that sometimes there is frustration in between, what is it actually? No, the thickness of the pen is not adjustable in this new MacBook and you know because of how much I have loved it, okay, since it is not adjustable, a new method has been found and that is now It is okay to take a class in some other software because now you can't sell the laptop brother because it is a bit expensive Siraj why didn't you come for running Ganesh Riyana son don't speculate like this, it is true that you did not go today but you are speculating. Okay, so let's start with the very first question. Okay, so the first question is here on your screen and that's let's take red color. Okay let's increase the thickness a little bit. Why of the following articles talks about the answer powers. Of the Supreme Court Which of the following articles talks about the subsidiary powers of the Supreme Court Now yesterday we started the articles of the Supreme Court Started reading the article Let's talk about the Supreme Court Part Four Chapter Number Four Part Four Chapter Four of the Constitution are given between article number 124 to 147. Its first setting took place on January 28, 1950. Its current composition is 1+33 i.e. one CGI and 33 other judges. Then we started remembering its articles yesterday. Had done the article number, why is it not working brother, its symptoms are not looking good, back to the old system, we will have to go back to the old system because its symptoms are not looking good, we are fine, so this is our question that is about the Supreme Court, so all these Things, yesterday we had seen article number 124, article number 124 to 1311, we had seen till 131, okay, now article number 132, 133, 134, these three articles are related to one thing, that is applet jurisprudence, okay, applet jurisprudence. ction i.e. appellate jurisdiction rights in which case is it different 132 133 134 132 Wait a second ok just give me some time now the voice proper must have come ok so in which case is it different in which matter then 132 Talks About The Elite Jurisdiction in Certain Matters in Civil Matters and This is on Criminal Matters Being so specific, till date SSC has never asked which Article in Elite Jurisdiction is in Civil Matters and which is in Criminal Matters, you just have to remember 131 We had read about Original Jurisdiction in which we had seen that the Supreme Court deals with the disputes that arise between the Center and the States, then the disputes that arise between the States , it deals with 132, 33 and 34 Electoral Jurisdiction, okay, then after this Let's move ahead, the answer to this question is 'Ansari Powers'. The correct answer will be option number first article 140. What is the meaning of 'Ansari Powers'? It means that the Parliament, the Supreme Court has the assisting powers and then there is the Jurisdiction, that is, the territorial authority it has. The Supreme Court can increase it, okay, sorry, Parliament, the powers of the Supreme Court are called Ansari powers, okay, whatever is written here, if we talk about subsidiary powers, if we talk about article number 141, then it talks about any one of the Supreme Court. In this way, let us assume that the order or degree is passed that will be binding on all the courts of India, binding on all the courts and all the subordinate courts i.e. whatever subordinate courts are below the Supreme Court i.e. the Supreme Court. Any law declared by the court will be binding on all the courts. That will be binding. We can remember that one and one have made four binding. On both sides, section 142 says that in any matter, in any matter If the Supreme Court is feeling that it will have to come forward to give complete justice in that matter, then it can come forward by using Article 142, that is, the Supreme Court can say whatever is necessary to give complete justice. Then in this way, whoever wants to pass a decree order can do so as for example I have given Gave you an example, our Bhopal Gas Tragedy happened in 1984 in which methyl isocyanate gas was leaked due to which many people died, so to give complete justice in that matter, the Supreme Court told the government that You will have to pay so much compensation and action will have to be taken against it, then if the Supreme Court feels that complete justice is not being provided in any matter, then the Supreme Court can use Article 142 to provide complete justice in that matter. Court 143 talks about Salka Jurisdiction, that is Advisory Jurisdiction, now in the name this is Advisory Jurisdiction i.e. it means that someone or the other is taking advice in this, then who is taking advice in this, the President is taking advice from whom, who from the Supreme Court. On matters, there are two matters, one is the matter rising out of pre-constitution treaty and the matter of general public importance. This is not asked, hence I am not writing about it, it is okay, I just told you, but one thing you have to keep in mind is that on the President. Whatever advice is received from the Supreme Court, that is not binding, that is, it is not of binding nature, it is not binding. Okay, all these four articles are very important for you. 140 talks about answer powers 141. Just remember this keyword. If the Supreme Court has said anything binding or binding, then it will be binding in all the courts. 142 Complete Justice in a Matter The Supreme Court can pass any order or decree to give complete justice. 143 Talking about Advisory Jurisdiction is fine. Well, there are some more articles like 137 of yours, it is a little important. What does it talk about? It talks about Judicial Review. It talks about judicial review in a roundabout way. Where did it come from and from which country's constitution, please tell me, that is, the Supreme Court is not based on decisions or orders. Okay, that means it talks about judicial review. We have taken judicial review from the US Constitution. We have also taken judicial independence from the US Constitution. We have also taken the independence of the judiciary from the US. But the integrated judicial system has been adopted by the Government of India since 1935. All right, nothing else is there, rest, please tell quickly what is written in 129 which we saw yesterday and what is written in 130. Next Our question is The like hood of a neutral atom gaining an electron is known as the probability of a neutral atom gaining an electron is known as Electron Affinity Electron Positivity Electro Negativity or Electro Electron Attraction then the correct answer will be That would be option number first electron affinity that is like hood of a neutral atom gaining n electrons and when an atom gains one electron then what do we call it one or the number of electrons it gains is called as n So we say red ion in Hindi and when an atom looses an electron then we call it positive ion i.e. cata ion, we call that ion and here you should remember and know about electron gain enthalpy. You can see the neutral atom here, loss of electron is cut off, gain of electron is given, your electron gain is Enthalpy. It is the amount of energy released when an electron is added to an isolated gaseous atom. Okay, this is the electron gain enthalpy. Okay and what is electronegativity Tendency of an electron Tendency of sorry Tendency of an atom to attract electron towards itself Attract electron towards itself Many times this raises the question that what is the trend of electronegativity electron affinity or electron gain enthalpy What happens in the periodic table is that in the periodic table, how is the trend in it, it decreases from left to right and then increases, so always keep in mind that while going from top to bottom, while going from top to bottom, all three are there. Be it electron gain affinity, electro negativity, ionization gain enthalpy or electron gain enthalpy, they decrease from top to bottom and we know that whatever decreases from top to bottom increases from left to right. That means it increases. Okay, whatever decreases from top to bottom will increase from left to right, so yes, our electronegativity and electron gain affinity will increase from left to right, that is, the next question is. The Word Dash Means a Body of Persons That Looks After the Implementation of Rules and Regulations in Actual Practice What word means a body of persons that looks after the implementation of rules and regulations in actual practice So our three pillars of we speak There are four pillars of democracy, but what are the main three pillars? One of the pillars of democracy is the Legislator, whose job is to make laws. Whom we call a Legislator? That is the Parliament of our country, which is ours. Parliament is the one we call the legislator in which our Lok Sabha, Rajya Sabha and the President come, they make the law, then it is okay, after that, the law that has been made, who actually implements it at the ground level, then it is called that. Executive which is our government in a way, only then we say in India that the executive is responsible to the legislator or to be a very specific executive which is the PM and the Council of Ministers, although we can speak broadly about the executive. Traffic police is standing on the road, traffic police constable is also a part of your executive union executive, that is fine, but if we see, this is the government, to whom is the government accountable? Remember article number 75 clause 3, collectively responsible to the The Lower House of the Parliament is responsible to the Lok Sabha, so keep in mind that in India, there is separation of power, there is division of powers, but there is no strict separation of power in India, which means that the legislature enforces it and implements it. and whether it is being implemented properly or not, and beyond that, whether it is being implemented in a wrong way, it is the job of the Judiciary to check it, like for example a law was made that the Motor Vehicle Act and its Under this, there is a fine of Rs. 000 for not wearing a helmet. If the traffic police accepts from you that if you take Rs. 000, then who will see whether it is right to take Rs. 1000 or Rs. 5000, then who is wrong, this is the work of the judiciary, which we call the judiciary, then three plus off. Democracy is of power, it means that it will do the work of making laws, it cannot do its work, it cannot do its work, it cannot do its work, it cannot do its work, then this is separation of power, but now I told you immediately. Article 142 was taught in which I had told that the Judiciary can play on the front foot to do complete justice in any matter, that is, it can pass any order or degree, that is, the work which should have been done by the Executive is now being done by the Judiciary. This means that there has been a violation of separation of powers here, so in India we say that there is separation of powers but there is no strict separation of power. This strict separation of power is seen in the US. Okay, so here. Your Legislature is Judiciary and here it was asked that looks after the implementation so who implements it is the Executive which we call the Executive. In the comment you will tell which is the article which talks about the separation of Judiciary and Executive. It was only yesterday that we had read it yesterday and the day before yesterday too. Which DPSP article is it? Who among the following is associated with the Theosophical Society? Who is associated with the Theosophical Society? When was the Theosophical Society formed? It was formed only when Arya Samaj was formed. It was formed only when the Indian Metrology Department was formed. It was formed in 18753 with its head quarter in New York. Its head quarter was in New York and who was its founder? The founder was MS Olcott, MS All Cut and HP Balavat. Hai Balav, who was the founder of the Theosophical Society? After this, in 18828, its head quarter shifted to Adhar, which is in Madras. This Indian Hindu school of philosophy is based on the Theosophical Society. For this reason, its head quarter gets shifted to Madras and after the death of M.S. Lakad ji, Annie Besan ji, who is its main head, in a way, Annie Besan becomes the option number fourth regarding Annie Besan ji. What should be known, what we have read earlier, we have read that she said that the colonial government which is ruling in India is not ruling for the welfare of the Indians but for its own profit. Who said this? Annie Besson She was the first woman President of Congress. The Lucknow session of 1917 and 16 was presided over by Ambika Charan Majumdar, which was very important. Moderate The extremists had come together and had put forward joint demands. Muslim League and Congress had press-ed the next session of Butt 1917. Where did it take place in Kalka and it was press-ed by Annie Bessan? Okay, this is something we should keep in mind and Annie Bessan It was he who had established the Home Rule League. Actually, two Home Rule Leagues were formed. One was formed by Bal Gangadhar Tilak. Okay, we had remembered some facts regarding Bal Gangadhar Tilak. If you remember one, then his father. Who said 'Father of Indian Unrest '? Who said 'Father of Indian Unrest' and we know him as Lokmanya. His title is Lokmanya. He published two newspapers, Maratha and Kesari. The one who was Maratha is Kesari in English language. He wrote the book Arctic Home to Vedas in Marathi language and said this as Valentine Chirology. The formation of Home Role League by Tilak was done in Pune in 1916. Annie Basant also did it in 1916. But their head quarter was in Madras i.e. it happened in the spring of 1916, but a little bit of Bal Gadar Di's Bal Gangadhar Tilak ji happened a little bit earlier, okay that was from home, let's move ahead, the next question is and that is developmental. Expenditure comes under which part of the budget. Developmental wave comes under which part of the budget. So first of all, what is the budget? Budget is an annual financial statement in which how much of our money came from where and where it went. All that happens here in the budget which is in article number 112 of the Constitution, so yesterday we had read article number 107, read 108, read 109, read 110 and also read 111, in this we had read the Ordinary Bill. The complete procedure is written in it. If we assume that the Ordinary Bill is deadlocked, the Ordinary Bill is not being passed. Let us assume from Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha that whether we had read the condition that one House sent it to the other House and it refused. Or one house sent the bill to the other and the amendments proposed by it are not accepted by the first house or one house sent the bill to the other house and no response was received for six months, then in that case the President joint sitting i.e. He calls a joint meeting. We have taken the joint meeting from the Constitution of Australia. Just tell us who presides over it. Give it to the joint setting. The complete procedure of money bill is written in it. The definition of money bill is written and in 111 we saw that it is written. It has happened that how the President can give assent i.e. he can use positive power and he can use his negative power which is called veto power. We had studied three types of vetoes, one was absolute veto i.e. That is to reject it outright or to refuse to give assent. The President refuses. There is a suspensive veto where he returns the bill which is not available in the case of money bill. We have seen this in the case of ordinary bill. I mean all, by all I mean all three, all three means absolute suspensive and pocket veto, all three are available, suspensive veto is not available in a money bill and all three are not available in a constitutional amendment bill. Which amendment said that the President A constitutional amendment bill will have to be given assent and why does it happen in a money bill because the money bill is brought on the prior recommendation of the President, who authorizes whether any bill will be a money bill or not and what happens in pocket veto? He keeps the bill for an infinite time period and does not respond to it and yesterday we saw in the last episode that how Giani Zail Singh means we have used it only once, it was done by the President of Indian Postal. He had pocketed the bill and till date he has never found it like this and what does it mean that it is finished, it is not even finished and it is just lying in the pocket of the President, it is okay, this is why it is said that the pocket of the Indian President is very deep because of someone. There is no time limit or you have to respond within the same time limit. Okay, we have taken joint sitting from Australia and whether it is the matter of presiding over the joint sitting or certifying the money bill, both the functions are done by the Lok Sabha. Who is the Speaker and yesterday we saw the first Speaker of the Lok Sabha. Who was the first Speaker? GV Mavalankar i.e. Ganesh Vasudev Mavalankar ji. In which article is it given? Please tell me who are the Presiding Officers of Lok Sabha. Presiding Officers of Rajya Sabha. If it happens then it's in article number 112. Complete Annual Financial Statement i.e. Annual Financial Statement is written about all these things, we have read it yesterday. Now it has two parts. What are the two parts? Now understand carefully because this is a very important concept of Economics. One is the one which is your national income, one is your concept and the third is the monetary policy tools, repo rate, reverse report, CRR, SLR, bank rate etc., these three are the most important components and the fourth is that Aman m1 A2 A3 A4 These are four four five from where the question is formed from economics and this is one of them revenue and capital and there is a big confusion in this, understand it carefully, revenue means revenue, capital means capital, either money will come. Either money will come, only two things can happen, okay, understand this way, this is your left pocket, the one with revenue and the right pocket with capital, the money will come in the left pocket. The money that comes, that is income, is called a receipt or the money that will go out is called receipt. Money goes to it, we call it expenditure and here also capital again capital reciter or capital expenditure or money goes, okay now there is capital reciter, the first thing is like this left pocket and right pocket, imagine it in this way. The money that comes in your left pocket is a very high frequency money. Frequency means that the frequency is high in it and what is there in capital, rare means very less, the frequency is very low, like for example the tax paid to the government. Okay, now like whoever pays GST, let's say I pay GST, I have to do GST filing every month, every month I have to do GST filing, every month the entire GST money is going to the government. Otherwise, what happens is that the money that the government receives at a very frequent frequency, that is called, comes in your revenue side and because this money is coming to the government, we will keep it in the revenue budget, that is, revenue budget. Revenue is the receipt which is called in Hindi, which can be of two types, either tax receipt or non-tax receipt, now whatever tax is there, the tax is also of two types. Now we are not going into the depth of this, there are two types of direct tax and indirect tax, we will deal with these tomorrow, but for now we will just remember that if there is tax money then there is money without tax. Now what kind of money comes to the government without tax, just like toll etc. is fine, the government imposes some fines, all these are non-tax receipts of the government, like the money from toll, which is fined by the government. Whatever fine you get for going without a helmet, whatever fine you get, then what is all this that it will go to the revenue expenditure which is very frequent. The salary that has to be paid to the government servants is done at a very frequency . The pension that has to be given to the government servants who have served earlier is either your salary pension or the interest that the government has to pay. Now let us carefully understand what is interest, what is interest, what is interest, so when we take a loan. When we give a loan to someone, we have to pay interest and if we give a loan to someone, we take interest from someone. It is a simple thing, so those who take a loan are We don't take it every day and then we don't even give it. If we take it sometimes then the loan part will come in the capital. If we are giving the loan to someone, if we are giving the loan to someone, it means that it is a kind of expense. Right now, it is our balance sheet, it is okay to give loan, it will come in the capital expenditure but the interest you are getting in it, the interest you are getting is okay, it will come to you because if the money is coming, then it will be rest and it is not income. Now because the frequency of the loan will come, the loan you took will come here but the interest that has to be paid will go from here, it is fine whether you have given a loan or if you had earlier taken an old loan and you have made repayment of that loan. If you have repaid the loan, because you have repaid it, that is, it will be your expenditure. In a way, it will come under expenditure. Whatever infrastructure is built to create developmental infrastructure, school, college, road, hospital, whatever expenditure is incurred for developmental purpose, which is currently The expense is visible but in a way that capital of ours has become an asset. has been created and it comes in your capital expenditure, it is okay, but if the government has sold one of its assets, sold the asset, sold its asset to the capital, like we see that many public sector undertakings of the government There are PSEOs, what does the government do in them, it does disinvestment, it does disinvestment, it means selling your stake to someone private, so we have sold our assets, that is, if we have done disinvestment, the money will come. But one of your assets is gone. What is there in the loan? Your liability has increased. Your liability has increased. What happens here is the capital expenditure will either decrease or the liability will increase. What happens in the capital expenditure? Either your asset will increase or the liability will decrease like the loan. I have made the repayment , so the amount I pay has reduced, I have reduced my burden, that is, capital expenditure is a good type of expenditure, like that meme does not work, Papa, you are a good father, isn't it? Capital expenditure, you are good. Expenditure is like this, you can understand that brother, what is happening here is that asset and capital are being created. If I have given a loan, even if it seems like the money is gone, but I will get interest from it and I have also built some college. If a road is built , then money may be spent now, but that money will come later through toll and through very different means, so this is what is included in the capital expenditure, it seems that the money has come but you have taken a loan, you will have to pay the interest. The asset is sold, what is there in the revenue? Neither the asset is created nor the liability is reduced. There is nothing in it, so the developmental expenditure will be your capital expenditure. Option number second will be the correct answer. I hope this helps you. It must have been clear what is the adulter's essence of hot papr, what is the adulteration in hot papr, chalk powder, saw dust, sudan dye or starch powder, Swami's father from Malgudis, keep one more thing in mind, keep one thing in mind, also clear the grant in this. If you ever ask about a grant, what is a grant? Grant is a kind of grant. Grant means charity. Consider it like a loan. For example, a loan is given with the hope that it will be returned and interest will also be given on it, but there is no such expectation in the grant. It is not given by our central government which gives grant to any state government assuming that its condition is still bad then it is okay that you keep this money and you neither pay us interest on it nor have to return it. If there is a need for grants etc., giving grants, taking grants, all this will come in your revenue section, so if the central government is giving grants to any state, then that would be your revenue expenditure, that is, it will be the expenditure of revenue. Hot paprika, this is yours, okay, it is a kind of chilli powder type and in it we add red red color, Sudan dye, this is also red in color or Sudan dye or the one which is made by adding tomato peel. Diya or the brick, the red ones, all of them are called adulterant. What is the meaning of adulterant? Anything that is adulterated, we call it adulterant. Okay, okay, what are preservatives? Preservatives are what we use . So that nothing should be spoiled like the jam and tomato sauce we use in it, sodium benzoate is fine, like for example we can also use sodium nitrite, it is fine, we can use it as sodium nitrate. We use it as an explosive but we use sodium nitrite or once we were asked, we were given the option in this way, that is, which of these, we call it vinegar like vinegar or not, we also call it the acetic acid present in vinegar. We use it as an acid, meaning as a preservative. So once the question was asked in this way, these three were in the I think option and the fourth one was in the option Aqua Regia. It was asked which of these we cannot use as a preservative. The obvious thing is that aqua regia is not used as a preservative because aqua regia is a mixture of two acids, hclo3, that is nitric acid, both are present in the ratio of 3:1 in aqua regia and in this. Your gold and platinum which are usually unreactive or can be said to be least reactive, your metals react in this, question number seven is Mohan Shyam Sharma is a famous musician associated with Mohan Shyam Sharma is a famous musician who is the following. To whom are drums associated with the musical group? Tabla Pakhawaj or Sarod, if we talk about Mohan Shyam Sharma ji, then which instrument is this, this is Pakhawaj, it is okay to keep in mind, then the third option associated with Pakhawaj will be the correct answer and you could have recalled it like I told you. One name was Totaram Sharma, Totaram Sharma ji is also associated with Pakhawaj, okay from Sarod, you know whatever names start with Ali Ali and who else is associated with Pakhawaj, then it became Ram Sharma and Kunal Patil, okay Kelu Charan Mahapatra Kel. Please also tell me with which classical dance Charan Mahapatra is associated. Kelucharan Mahapatra, I told you that whoever Mahapatra is seen in his surname, which musical instrument will he be associated with. If we talk about Sarod, then our Alauddin Khan will come in Sarod. Okay, multiple. Times we have done, which family does Amjad Ali Khan belong to? Let us also tell you that Amjad Ali Khan has become Khan, Ali Akbar Khan has become Rajiv Tara, those who died recently have become okay, who will become from Tabla? Zakir Hussain His father Allah Rakha Anokhe Lal Mishra Pandit Sapan Choudhary Nikhil Ghosh Vikram Ghosh They are associated with Tabla and which gharana they belong to Mehar Gharana They go right ahead of you The question is which of the following statements are correct regarding the Hunter Commission In Commission of 18828 Okay, Maille's Minute, when did it come in 1835, in 1835 and what did it talk about ? It talked about promoting the English education. It had described Indian education as completely inferior and English education as superior. It was he who had given that statement. That a shelf in a good library and a good European library is much better than the ancient literature. There is much more knowledge than the literature of entire India and South Asia. A shelf in a European library is better than that, so this thing. McClay had said that he always showed English education as superior and tried to show the entire Indian literature as inferior and he wanted to promote only English education so that such a class, a tribe of Indians could be created. They are Indians by blood and color of their skin but by their likes and choices, they are all Englishmen. It is okay and even today such people are seen in our society. It is okay, so I came to the college in 1835 at the time of William Benty. And what did he talk about? Down Word Filtration Theory Down Word Filtration Theory says that you promote English education at the top level and those who are Indians will promote education at the lower level. Okay, who rejected this thing? Rejected by Woods Dispatch, Woods Dispatch came in 18544, 1800 Sun, it should be vernacular, it means local language and at whose time did it come? It came at the time of Dall Howse, right. And this is Hunter Education Commission, which is known by the name of 18828. Act 18815 was repealed, 18828 was repealed and it came into existence at the time of 18828. It was made to review the progress made in the field of education following Wood's Dispatch. Yes it. Is correct it led special emphasis on primary education control to be transferred to the district and municipality boards It underlined the need to provide additional facility for spread of women education outside the presidency towns Is it correct private initiative in the field of education should Not be encouraged means that private initiatives should not be encouraged. There was nothing like this here, so this one will be wrong for you. The correct answer will be option number second, one, two and three. It is okay, should not be encouraged. This is true for those who have learned a little bit. If so, then they would know that negative type statements and extreme type statements like should not be done this or only always never none are generally wrong. Okay, so here the fourth statement will be wrong. Tooth will be the correct answer How many Lok Sabha seats are there for the state of Meghalaya How many total Lok Sabha seats are there in Meghalaya Now the Lok Sabha seats are there on the basis of which they are decided We have a Delimitation Commission which we call Delimitation The commission is called, well, we know it by the name of Delimitation Commission. The work of this Delimitation Commission is that it divides our entire India into certain numbers in such a way that the representatives who come out are the same number. You are representing the population, just like the elections for the 18th Lok Sabha were held, so many different constituencies have been formed. For example, there are many constituencies in your state, they win from this content, if they win from that content, then that content is the same number of candidates, meaning only one person gets elected from one contest and that is the same number. It is representing the population, how is it decided or what is its boundary, how is it maintained, it is done by the Delimitation Commission. The work of the Delimitation Commission is that after every census it is written that It is written in Article No. 82 that after every census which is conducted every 10 years, a Delimitation Commission will be set up because the population keeps changing. Okay, so for this reason, the determination of concreteness will be done by the Delimitation Commission today. Till now, he has appeared only four times. This thing was asked in the civil services exam. He has appeared in 1952, 1962, 1972 and 2002, the work of which I have just told you, what is it and why he has not appeared since then. There was a census in 2011 also, that is why. It did not sit because, first of all, the 42nd amendment had frozen it, then finally, the 84th amendment which was made said that there will be no delimitation till 2026, why not because it happened that the population of the above states here is Like UP Bihar population was increasing a lot, the population of the southern states was increasing and because it is usually seen that where the literacy rate is high then the population is like that, the population was increasing, so South India. The states said that brother, firstly we are decreasing the population and also our seats are decreasing because the allocation of seats is done on the basis of population like if we talk about UP and Uttar Pradesh then total 880 seats. Uttar Pradesh is getting one seat in the Lok Sabha, because UP is the most populous. Only one seat is getting from Nagaland. You can see Lakshadweep, The River, Andaman and Nicobar, Dadra Nagar Haveli, Sikkim, Most of the seats are getting one seat each in the Lok Sabha, Manipur is fine. Arunachal Goa is fine and Meghalaya is done, you will have it here. Tripura is done and Meghalaya will also be here. I thought it would be somewhere else, that leaves only two seats. Okay, this is your Meghalaya, so only two seats come out of all these, why? Because their population is very less, that is why it was frozen, so that population limiting measures should be taken by the states, I was asking about Meghalaya, then the correct answer would be here, option number four to two is fine, you can look at the rest of the states also. Take it, UP has the highest number of seats, our Rajya Sabha also has the highest number of seats from UP, a total of 31 seats comes out of UP in the Rajya Sabha, the next question is in the context of Panchvati in Jani Jam which of the following means non-stealing, which of these It means non-stealing i.e. in the context of Jainism Panch means not stealing, celibacy, asteya, apari graha or non-violence, what is pancha vrat, pancha vrat in Jainism means non-violence, truth, asteya celibacy and apari graha, non-violence. You all know and please tell in the comment which number is our fundamental duty. Okay, I have not taught you this, I have taught you only five fundamental duties. Let's leave this too. Truth means that you only have to speak the truth. Aste ka. It means that you should not steal, that is, you should not steal, celibacy means sexually monogamous, no, celibacy does not mean that you understand, you must be aware about it, that is, especially the students who are students, celibacy is their life. What should be followed is that whatever energy you have, remains inside your body only, do not get detached from material things, people and places. The meaning of Apar planet is that whatever material things we have, we have to take the call of brother L. If we have to do this, we have to do that, then all these material things, if we want to earn so much money, then we have to leave these material things, that is called as immense, why because as much as we get attached, in spirituality, you are taught like believe. Whatever you get attached to, the brothers accept you, you become free, you become mentally free, it feels good, okay, but doing this is very, very tough, it is equally tough, Krishna ji says. To Arjun, like controlling the wind is as tough as controlling the mind. So what will be the correct answer here? Non-stealing means Asteya. Option number second will be the correct answer. Similarly, first let us discuss a little about Jainism. Where is Jainism from? If it is originated then the concept of Tirthankar runs in Jainism. Tirthankar who is our Guru is called Tirthankar in the people. There are total 24 Tirthankars. The first ones in the people are known by the name of Rishabh Dev or Rishabh Nath. Okay, so here . I write this short Rishabh, okay, let's write the whole Rishabh Dev Question: Sometimes he asks what is his symbol, by whom is he represented, so he is represented by the bull, at second place, all this from you. Doesn't ask Second Third 4 Yes 22 22 23 and 24 are a little important. 24 are the most important. Talking about 22, this is your Arishtanemi. It is a little important because it is mentioned in the Vedas. The first and 22nd are mentioned in this book. There is no other mention in Rigveda, 23rd one is Parshvanath, there is a hill named after him, the hill is also named after him, which is the highest peak in Jharkhand, where is Jharkhand right, Parshvanath and 24th is ours, 24th is Mahavir, who is the main one. He is considered to be the founder of Jainism. However, the founder is Rishabh Dev, whose son Gomateshwar, where is the statue of Bahubali built? Shravan is built in Belgola, Karnataka, where which festival is celebrated every year? If you tell, it is Mahavir. If we talk about Ji, then he is considered to be the real founder because he is the one who propagated Jainism or propagated it well. What is his symbol? Is it a lion? If you ever ask Parshvanath, then it is a serpent or whatever snake he has is fine. So this thing should be known about the birth and death of Mahavir ji, all this is asked about his father and mother, when he was born, where he was born, where he was, Kund village, Vaishali Kund village which is in Vaishali and where he died . That happened in Pavapuri, in Pava, he got enlightenment, that is, he got knowledge, but where is Pavapuri, where is Rajgiri, where Nalanda University has just been built, right in Rajgiri, which we also know by the name of Rajgir, earlier Rajgiri. It was said that he died there. The name of his mother and father should also be known. Okay, so his father's name was the same as the childhood name of Gautam Buddha and that was Siddhartha and mother's name was what do you say Trishala, okay the name is Mahamaya. The name of Gautam Buddha ji's mother, so many things were clear, this was regarding Mahavir ji and his first destination was his son-in-law. If we talk about destination then only Vaj Jamali, now here as we talked about Panch Vrat like this. KFC is called KFC in Janjam. What is KFC? What is KFC? Right Knowledge is called Triratna. Tri Ratnan Jainism Right Knowledge Right Faith Right Conduct. It is different in Buddhism, the three gems in Buddhism are Buddha Dhamma and Sangha, this is what is the three gems in Buddhism, what is Tri Pit, in Buddhism there are three books, Tri Pit, Abhad Pit, Suta Pit and Vinay Pit, these are called Tri Pit. Similarly, in Buddhism there are four noble truths. What are these four noble truths? This world is full of suffering and there is a cause of suffering. What is this cause? Gautam Buddha Ji said, Desires are the root cause of suffering. Our desires are the cause of our sorrows and these sorrows can be eliminated and how they can be eliminated. This is the fourth path of Ashtangi. By following the Eightfold Path of Noble Truth which we call, we can get relief from suffering and this is your Ashtangi Path which talks about which eight things you should have the right view and the right intentions. Right speech means that you should speak right, you should take action, right and you should give right effort, one second is right, right effort should be accepted, right concentration is to be done, right mind is to be fullness, then 3, 4, 5, 6 have already been sens, one is missing. Right Livelihood is missing here. It must be written below. It must be hidden. Right Livelihood is right. Right View Right. Well, he doesn't ask, brother, which one of these eight is right and which one is not? Just keep this in mind. What are you associated with the Four Noble Truths and the path of Ashtangi? The path of Ashtangi is better than Buddhism. Let's move ahead. The next question is and that is in the context of British rule in India. Who among the following Governor Generals created the Company Servants Making Provisions? For them as general salaries, whenever we talk about company servants or Then when it comes to civil servants, the first name that comes is that of Cornwallis, who is also known as the Father of Indian Civil Services. Okay and what happened at the time of Dal Houji but in 18533 6. Who had made the main efforts? Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar and who had established the Widow Remarriage Association at the same time? The Mandal for Widow Remarriage that we had seen was done by Vishnu Shastri Pandit ji. He had also formed a MG Nade, Widow Remarriage Association, but that later. It was made at the time of Dalhousie and what happened now, just saw that a dispatch had come from Wood. We know Dalhousie as the Father of Postal Reforms in India. It was Dalhousie who had brought the usurpation policy which we call the Doctrine of Lapse. And it was Dal Houze who had said that Awadh is like a cherry which is about to fall in the mouth of the British because he knew Awadh which is the British. Who occupied Awadh? It was given by Dal Houji, it is okay and under the Doctrine of Lapse, first of all, which particular territory did he bring the kingdom into his hands and then under the British, he gave Satara, it is okay, he gave it to Zaidpur, he gave it to Jhansi, this is the order. Mayo, we had read that its time was 18725 or unsynchronized census was done and it was Sher Afridi who killed it where in Andaman and Nicobar and what Hasting did, he ended the dual government that was in Bengal, he was the first . Governor General of Bengal, we have read these things in relation to Warren Hasting and what we have read in relation to Corn Wallis. Corn Wallis had brought Permanent Settlement in 1793. Where in Bengal, Bihar, Orissa and here Munro Reed had brought Rayat Wadi in 1820. And who brought Mahalwadi here in 1822 Holt Mackenzie and William Bentinck and what was the basis on Ricardian Theory of Rent Who among the following was chosen by Shahjahan as his successor to the Mughal Throne Who among the following was chosen by Shahjahan as the successor to the Mughal throne So if we talk about Shahjahan, after his death, he had a total of four sons among whom there was a war of succession. The eldest son of them was Dara Shiko whom he wanted to become his successor and it was a little bit right but in reality his The remaining brothers were Murad Bakh and Shah Souza and Aurangzeb did not want that, so the main battle that took place between Dara Shiko and Aurangzeb was the Battle of Dharmat and Battle of Samu Garh, these battles took place in 1658 and in both these battles Aurangzeb defeats Dara Shikoh and because of this, even if Shahjahan had wanted to defeat Shikoh, but in reality it was Aurangzeb who sat on the throne. Aurangzeb's tenure lasted from 1658 to 1707. What have we read regarding it? He was also known as Alamgir. Do you think of him as Zinda Peer? One with simple living and high thinking. Aurangzeb is watching Zinda Peer. He is the man who got the Sikh Guru Guru Teg Bahadur Ji murdered because he was against him. Aurangzeb was forcibly converting people, especially the Kashmiri Pandits, who were resisting him, that's why Zinda Pir is fine, it's like a million people were called Qutubuddin Aibak, when he got Qutubul Islam built by demolishing 27 temples, then take care of Aurangzeb. And Aurangzeb, we had read that Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj had registered it due to which he could not fulfill his dream in South India. Yes, he annexed Bijapur and Golconda. We have read that he had annexed Bijapur and Who was Golconda 's grandfather? Who will be his grandfather? Akbar will speak in a way. Akbar had started his South India expedition from Khande in 1601. We had seen that Khande was made a Mughal territory and Bijapur was captured by him in 1686 and Golconda. It is true that in 1687, this is regarding Aurangzeb. We should know whether Aurangzeb did it or Aurangzeb did not but yes, the Treaty of Purandar was signed, when the Treaty of Purandar was signed in 1665, where who was representing Aurangzeb? Jai Singh One Was representing and dies in 1707 in Aurangabad, Maharashtra. Next question is that report is not associated with fundamental rights. Which report is not associated with fundamental rights? Tej Bahadur Sapru report is absolutely associated. This is Tej Bahadur Sapru report. It came in 1945 in 1945, That Dealt with the Political and Civil Rights of the Minority. It was dealing with the rights of the minority. And please tell us in the comments, what are the rights of us, the minority, and which are the fundamental rights. Under which article we Moti Lal Nehru Report is also known by the name of Minority Rights and you should know one Nehru Report of 1928 which came in response to Simon Commission and in its response Jinnah had given his 14 points, Sarkaria Commission Report, these fundamental rights. It is not related to Centre-State Relations, but it is related to Centre-State Relations. When was this report made, then when was this report given? 1983, in 1983, similarly, a Punchhi Commission was formed, that too is your associated. With whom are Centre-State Relations and Government? It is because of the commission that an Inter State Council is also formed. The Inter State Council is formed under Article No. 263 of the Constitution, whose head is its President. But its Chairman is the Prime Minister of the Inter State Council. The minister is the PM and his vice-chair person is the Chief Minister. Actually, we also have a zonal council. You remember, there is also a zonal council. This is how our zonal council works. The first thing is this. They do not have a constitutional body. They were set up by the States Reorganization Act of 1956. What happens in this is that the Home Minister is the Chairman and the rest of our Chief Ministers keep becoming Vice Chair persons. It is fine by circulation. And in the rest, all the CMs are part of the state, the Chairman of the Interstate Council is the Prime Minister, but it is okay and in the Panchi Commission 2007, we talk about the rights of minorities, which are found in Article No. 29 and 30, which we call cultural. And educational rights i.e. cultural and educational rights speak 14 Calculate the GDP at Factor Cost Given in the following data If we calculate the GDP at factor cost given in the following data, then I have explained to you all these concepts which are How do we calculate the domestic product, so our total is eight aggregates, okay eight aggregates, I taught you, one is GDP, NP, NDP and NNP, okay, so these are our total four aggregates, that is, four market prices. There will be pay and four factors will be on cost and I told you how when we have to calculate factor cost, be it GDP or anything else, whatever is the market price, we have to include net indirect taxes in it. This has to be subtracted and what is this net indirect taxes? This is indirect taxes minus subsidy. Okay, so the market price in this will be minus indirect tax plus subsidy. Okay, factor cost is equal to market price minus indirect tax plus subsidy. So Here factor cost has to be calculated, market price is given, indirect tax is Rs. 600 crore, indirect tax will be reduced by Rs. 200 and subsidy will be added, then the simple amount will come to Rs. 450 crore. Option number second will be the correct answer. And you will tell in the comment. How to go from GDP to NDP, tell me what things will we do if we go from GDP to NDP and if we want to go from GDP to GNP, then we had read that if we have to go from GDP to NDP then we have to change Gross Domestic Product in GDP. If we have to subtract the original depreciation, then we will have to subtract the original depreciation, then the gross will be net and if we want to keep the gross as gross but want to nationalize the domestic, then we add the net factor income from abroad. If you add and Domestic will become national, okay, by the Act of Dash, the Governor General and Council was given the power to legislate for the whole of British Territories in India. By the Dash Act, the Governor General was given the power to legislate for all the British Territories in India. Power was given in 1813. We have read that first of all, he had set aside Rs 1 lakh to be spent in the education in India. He had talked about sending Christian missionaries to India and also he had talked about the East India Company 's Commercial rights were taken away, Accept Trade with China and Trade in Tea and they were also abolished by the Act of 1833 which we know as St. Helena Act. What did it do? It made the Governor General of Bengal was made the Governor General of India. The first William Bentinck was made, plus he completely abolished the commercial functions of the East India Company. Okay, we read this thing, it is written here that the Governor General Council was given the power to Legislature for the whole of British Territories in India: Earlier, the Governor General of Bengal used to make his own laws for Bengal, which was for Bombay. The one from Bombay used to make the Governor General, the one from Madras used to make one for Madras, but now what is happening is that the Governor General who is from Bengal has been made the Governor General of India, that is, those from Bombay and Madras have been subordinated under Bengal. Since that Bengal has become the whole of India, then the correct answer would be that the Governor General of Bengal becomes the Governor General of India. Okay, let 's move ahead. Cricket became an international game with the formation of Imperial Cricket Conference in the year dash. Cricket became an international game with the formation of the Imperial Cricket Conference in the year Dash. ICC was formed in the same year. Actually , now we know it by the name of International Cricket Council but when it was formed, it was formed in the name of Imperial Cricket Conference. Then its name changed to International Cricket Conference, it is fine, then its name is still International Cricket Council. It was formed in the same year in which your MLA Mento Reforms came in 1909. Plus, keep in mind that the head quarter of ICC is where it is located. So it is in Dubai, its head quarter is situated in Dubai, UAE, then if we talk about when did Sports Authority of India become FIFA, that is Federation Internationale de Football Association, whose full form is, when did it come into existence, then we will talk about Sports Authority of India. So 1984 was made in 1984. Now if we change this a bit then International was made in 18944. What should we call International? I am sorry IOC International Olympic Committee. Okay, IOC International Olympic Committee was formed and who made it? Peer the Q Burton Peer the Q Burton And Dmitry Vikla, okay, Dmitry Vikla, the ring you see, he did the work of designing it, which were the Olympic rings. He was the designer. Okay, whose Olympic rings were there or do they still exist? And Dmitry Vikla became the first president of the International Olympics. If we talk about the committee of Indian Olympic Association , IOA, it was formed in 1927 and its first president was Vas Dorab ji Tata, he became its first president. FIFA, that is the Federal Federation International de Football Association, it was formed in 1927. Where was Paris built in 1904 In 1904 , Paris was built in France, but where is its head quarter currently located? Where is Rich, which falls in Switzerland, exactly? Next question is Which of the following statements is correct? Which of the following statements is correct? Zinc oxide is a form of rust. Chemical rust is hydrated ferric oxide. Chemical rest is non-hydrated ferric oxide. Copper also turns into rest upon hydration. What is rest? Rest is called rust. Rust occurs only in iron. What actually happens here? It is written on What is Copper? If we leave copper in the open then a green colored coating gets coated. Which one is copper carbonate? If it is copper carbonate then the green layer of carbonate gets coated. Similarly if we put iron on iron then it gets coated with iron. If you leave iron in the open, it turns reddish brown or dark red or brown in color. Your iron oxide layer is hydrated iron oxide because it gains moisture from the atmosphere and is present in it. When it comes to corrosion, all these are called corrosion, but we call this corrosion which is present in iron as rusting, this is the correct answer here. Chemical rest is hydrated ferric oxide. There is also a similar and contrasting option, we can see. Option number second will be the correct answer here and you have to keep in mind that this corrosion is an oxidation reaction, similarly we have rancidity. Rancidity means rancidity. In a way, when something rots, it We speak and it has become rancid, that too is your oxidation reaction, okay, there is a green layer of copper carbonate and a brown layer of iron oxide and what do we do to prevent it? Galvanometers are Galvo in which iron and what is anodizing? This is a physical process which is anodization. This is an electrochemical process where we are fine. It is an electrochemical process where we use a layer of aluminum to protect it. To prevent iron from rusting, we can talk about some other salts in hydrated form like copper sulphate cuso4 5h 2o, this is your hydrated copper sulphate, similarly hydrated zinc sulphate is znso4 7h 2o, similarly iron sulphate is Feso4 7h 2o is in hydrated form. By what name do we know it? So it is Your blue vitriol may sometimes ask you, okay, blue vitriol is there, it may ask in this way, how many water molecules will you find attached to copper sulphate, we call it white vitriol and iron sulphate is called green vitriol. You should know this and this is how our calcium sulphate cuso4 is. 2h 2o We call this gypsum and I have already told you that when we use gypsum in the soil, when the alkalinity of the soil increases too much, and if we dehydrate the gypsum in 373 Kelvin, then it becomes plaster off. Paris becomes this is what happens to you cs4 2h 2o This is what caso4 1/2 h2o Next question is Which of the following dynasties of Delhi Sultanate founded the city of Agra Which of the following dynasties of Delhi Sultanate founded the city of Agra If we are talking about Lodi Syed Khilji or Tughlaq Agra, then here again are the dynasties of Delhi Sultanate. So we have read all the things about the Slave Dynasty which was the first dynasty which is known as Mamlu Dynasty . After that comes the Tughlaq comes from 1206 to 1290. When does it last? Tughlaq starts from 1290. First, Khilji will come. Okay, after Slave, we have read Khilji since when. From 1290 to 1320 and from 1320 to 1320. Your Tughlaq dynasty continued till 1414 and then came the Syed Dynasty from 1414 to 1451, whose founder was Khizr Khan. And please tell in the comment who had said that the founders of the Syed Dynasty are the descendants of Prophet Mohammed. Who said this and who built Agra city was the second ruler of Lodi dynasty whose name was Sikandar Lodi, he said this, ok Sikandar Lodi Ibrahim Lodi was the founder Lodi Sorry Bahlol Lodi was the founder Sikandar Lodi was the gift of Lodi dynasty Next comes Dan, after that comes Ibrahim Lodi, who fought the first battle of Panipat with Babar. If we talk about Alexander, then his poems were composed under the pen name Gulrukhi, okay, you should know this thing and the Lodi dynasty. He had introduced the Double Dome Architecture of Double Dome Architecture in which one of yours is the Mosque of Death . Okay, the Mosque of Death was built by the people of Lodi Dynasty and Sikandar Lodi of Lodi Dynasty had founded the city and it was he only. The capital was shifted to Agra, it is okay and the founders of Khizr or Syed Dynasty are the descendants of Prophet Mohammed. Who said this in Tarikhe Mohammad, Tarikhe Mubarak Shahi, who said in Tarikhe Mubarak Shahi, or is it Sir Hindi? Okay, this thing was said in Mubarak Shahi, so simple remember it, sir Hindi, okay sir, Hindi had said the thing. The second last question is question number 19. One was the eighth round of General Agreement on Tariff and Trade, the so called Yerve Round. Which led to the establishment of World Trade Organization Completed So in a way, the eighth round of WTO took place, which we know as Yarrow Round, when was it completed? It is absolutely correct, Yahaya Bin Sirhindi, this question is in my mock. Okay, so 1944. In 1944, a conference was held which we know as Britain Wood Conference. This conference is held in 1944. In this, three organizations were formed, World Bank, which is known as World Bank, one is our International Monetary Fund (IMF) and One International Trade Organization is formed, both of them can sustain it further but it is unable to sustain further and fails, in its place comes your World Trade Organization (WTO), OK, World Trade Organization comes but World Trade Organization (WTO) And in between the ITO comes the General Agreement on Trade and Tariff which we know as GUT. It consists of series of rounds in which one round goes on which started from the year 1986 and ended in the year 1994 so option number fourth. The correct answer here will be one thing to keep in mind, we know the World Bank as International Bank for Reconstruction and Development, the head quarter of both of them is located in Washington DC, but if we talk about the head quarter of WTO, then That is located in Geneva Switzerland okay and we also know both of them as twin organizations and the last question is the dash birth rate indicates the number of live birds occurring during the year per 1000 population estimator at mid year so this we What We call this as crude birth rate, that is, how many people are being born out of every thousand people, it asks you what is the crude birth rate in India as per the census of 20011, then it is 21.8 or it is also like this. You can write 0.21 and if you are asked the crude death rate, then the crude death rate means how many people are dying out of 1000 people. It is right as per 2011, that is 7.2 per 000, it is right on an average of 7.2 people. Deaths are happening per 1000 of population Infant Mortality Rate I hope I must have told you that how many children die at the time of birth out of 1000 children, this is what we are talking about as per 2011 census, that is 47, right. That's 1000 infant mortality rates at 47. Now is the time. The first question to take a short look at current affairs is who recently became the youngest to cross the North Channel? Rohit Patel, Anshuman Jhinga, Aditya Parmar or Anshuman Yadav, who means the North Channel the most? Les or the one who has crossed at the youngest age, if we talk about the North Channel, then where is this, between Great Britain and Ireland, you will see the North Channel and it is Anshuman Jhinjar who has crossed it. That they belong to Maharashtra and their age at which they achieved this feat At the age of 18 years they achieved this feat Okay option number second and the second question is the last question of the day Who will be born 2023 Who won the 2023 Jo Wilden Cup ? Novak Djokovic, Rafael Nadal, Carlos Agra or Margaret Van Rasava, who won the 2023 Wilden Cup? Just a few days ago, your Grand Slam Willdon ended, which is our oldest Grand Slam. Okay, this is the oldest Grand Slam which is played on the grass court, you must have seen it, okay in 18777 and the current one is that Carlos Al Cros won the one in 2024 and the previous one also in 2023 and he won both the He won by defeating Serbia's Novak Djokovic. Which country is Carlos El Croix from Spain? The female one was won by Margaretha Vandross of the Czech Republic. Where is it? Where is Chach Kalraj of the Czech Republic? Which Grand Slam do we call? Okay, let me write here, I am also known as Rola Garros. Okay, who is we also known as Rola Garros, which Grand Slam, this is your homework for today, so here our today's lecture ends and You will get the PPT slides of this on Parmar SSC's Telegram and you know the rest of the notes where you will get them in Hindi and English. You will get them in Parmar Academy after doing Part Four PDF course. Thank you to all and yes. Today the French Open was over in just one hour, one hour I think, it must have taken 10 minutes, right? Today, one hour and 10 minutes because the questions were of that kind, today the explanation, I think, was not much needed, it is the same that gradually that time is yours. Sir, earlier it was of one hour, so I told you earlier that the first 10 lectures will be a little heavy, after that a lot of things will start getting repeated. So there will be no need to write that again and again, okay sir, we get our notes very late, look at the Hindi notes, we will start getting them soon, but that is what happens to me, it takes time to make notes, it is okay, it takes a lot of time, especially to make English notes, so a little We get late by the second second Tirtha Ankar Ajitnath is fine but he doesn't ask you sir Parmar reduce the water mark opacity in SSC notes it is very dark UG Sandeep it is actually uploaded only light I never mean like this I do not do that thing that the content is hidden, because of that there is a problem in some systems, if you can tell once in which you are taking notes, these are available here Anjali ji, are you taking the lecture for the first time and are these the new comers? Are there any new opinions? Watch the old lectures and come up with the notes. Those who don't know it means that you are new. Don't know where the notes are found at all. P.Y. Why enough? Tanu Chowdhary [Music] Jana Tarika was from the clan, it is okay that Mahavir Ji's father was Siddharth, he was from Janat clan, Gautam Buddha's father was Sudan, he was from Shakagarh state, he was from Shaka clan, he was from Jana Tarika clan, Sir, the website is not opening, we will get it done by the gharanas as well, thank you all. Let's meet tomorrow and tomorrow maybe I don't know the class address, just check once, there are 50-50 chances, it's okay, for tomorrow, I am just saying that most probably it will happen, but maybe if not, then I am telling you in advance. I am sure that you will check once on Tegra, no, many people say that why there is no class today, why there is no class, okay, then please check once tomorrow, whether the class is there or not, if it is scheduled in the morning at 6:00 am, 7:00 am. There will be class by 10 o'clock and if it is not scheduled then there will be no class in the morning. Okay, thank you to everyone.