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Land Navigation Techniques

Sep 3, 2025

Overview

The lecture explains how to use intersection and resection techniques with a map and compass to locate unknown points or your own position during land navigation.

Intersection Technique

  • Intersection is used to determine the location of an unknown point visible from two or more known locations.
  • At the first known point, obtain the magnetic azimuth to the unknown point with a compass.
  • Convert the magnetic azimuth to a grid azimuth using the declination diagram.
  • Draw a line on your map from your position along the grid azimuth.
  • Move to a second known point and repeat the azimuth measurement and conversion.
  • Draw another line from the second position; the unknown point is where the lines intersect.

Resection Technique

  • Resection is used to find your own position when you can see at least two identifiable features on the map.
  • Take a magnetic azimuth to the first known feature and convert it to a grid azimuth.
  • Convert the grid azimuth to a back azimuth.
  • Use a protractor to draw a line from the feature’s map location along the back azimuth.
  • Repeat the process for additional visible features.
  • Your location is where the lines cross.

Modified Resection

  • Modified resection is used when you are on a linear feature (road, canal, or stream) and can see one identifiable object.
  • Obtain the magnetic azimuth to the object, convert to grid azimuth, and then to back azimuth.
  • Draw a line from the object’s map location; your position is where the line crosses the linear feature.

Best Practices

  • Move carefully, focus, and take your time with each step to ensure accuracy.
  • Slowing down and being precise will result in better navigation and timely completion.

Key Terms & Definitions

  • Intersection — Method for finding the location of an unknown point using lines of sight from two or more known positions.
  • Resection — Method for determining your own location by using lines of sight to at least two known map features.
  • Azimuth — A compass bearing or angle measured in degrees from North.
  • Grid Azimuth — An azimuth corrected for map grid north.
  • Back Azimuth — The direction exactly opposite of the initial azimuth (add/subtract 180°).

Action Items / Next Steps

  • Practice converting magnetic azimuths to grid azimuths using a map’s declination diagram.
  • Use a protractor to draw azimuth lines on a map.
  • Prepare for practical land navigation exercises using these techniques.