Lecture on Tenses at Malviya Academy

Introduction

• Topic: Tense, a crucial part of English grammar.
• Pre-lesson: Parts of speech and vocabulary are emphasized as foundational steps.

Definition of Tense

• Tense indicates the time of an action or event.
• It helps in understanding what was done, what is being done, and what will be done.

Types of Tenses

• Three main tenses: Present, Past, Future.
• Each tense has four subdivisions:
  • Simple
  • Continuous
  • Perfect
  • Perfect Continuous
• Total: 12 tenses to understand and apply.

Present Tense

Subdivisions:

1. Simple Present Tense:
   • Usage: Habits, universal truths, regularity.
   • Structure: Subject + Verb (s/es for singular) + Object.
   • Example: "She goes to school."
2. Present Continuous Tense:
   • Usage: Current ongoing actions.
   • Structure: Subject + is/am/are + Verb (ing) + Object.
   • Example: "She is going to school."
3. Present Perfect Tense:
   • Usage: Actions completed at some point in the past with effects in the present.
   • Structure: Subject + has/have + Verb (past participle) + Object.
   • Example: "She has gone to market."
4. Present Perfect Continuous Tense:
   • Usage: Actions that began in the past and continue to the present.
   • Structure: Subject + has/have been + Verb (ing) + Object.
   • Example: "She has been playing since morning."

Past Tense

Subdivisions:

1. Simple Past Tense:
   • Usage: Actions completed in the past.
   • Structure: Subject + Verb (past form) + Object.
   • Example: "She went to school."
2. Past Continuous Tense:
   • Usage: Actions that were ongoing in the past.
   • Structure: Subject + was/were + Verb (ing) + Object.
   • Example: "She was going to school."
3. Past Perfect Tense:
   • Usage: Actions that were completed before another action in the past.
   • Structure: Subject + had + Verb (past participle) + Object.
   • Example: "She had gone before you came."
4. Past Perfect Continuous Tense:
   • Usage: Actions that started in the past and continued up to another point in the past.
   • Structure: Subject + had been + Verb (ing) + Object.
   • Example: "I had been going to school for a year."

Future Tense

• To be covered in the next class.

Wrap-Up

• Tense is crucial for error correction and sentence structure in exams.
• Future sessions will include practice with previous year questions and further exploration of future tense applications.