The Khilafat Movement

Background

• Time Period: From 1919 to 1924
• World War I: 1914 - 1918
• Turkey (Ottoman Caliphate) sided with Germany
• Britain and Allied Powers defeated Turkey and Germany

Context

• Britain promised Indian Muslims that the Ottoman Caliphate would not be harmed if they helped Britain in the war
• After the war, Britain divided the Ottoman Caliphate and broke its promise to the Muslims

Khilafat Conference

• Initiated: In 1918 under the leadership of Dr. M. A. Ansari
• Ali Brothers: Were in jail, later released and joined the movement

Major Steps

1. Khilafat Committee:

   • Led by Maulana Shaukat Ali
   • Conducted tours across India

2. Khilafat Delegation:

   • Met the Viceroy
   • Reminded the British government of its promise-breaking
   • Had little impact

Major Events

• Treaty of Sèvres: 14 May 1920
  • Division of the Ottoman Empire
• Non-Cooperation Movement: 28 May 1920
  • Boycott of British goods, boycott of government jobs
• Hijrat Movement: 1920
  • Deterioration of conditions in India, Muslims migrated towards Afghanistan
• Moplah Rebellion: Along the Malabar Coast, police firing, 400 Moplahs martyred

Leadership of Gandhi

• Civil Disobedience Movement: 1922
  • Anti-tax campaign
  • Chauri Chaura incident: Police station set on fire, 22 policemen burned

End of the Movement

• Mustafa Kemal Atatürk: Declared the abolition of the Caliphate in 1923
• Role of Congress: Was negative, the movement came to an end
• Outcome: The impacts and results of the Khilafat Movement remained controversial