Deepak Yadav's Daily Hindu News and Editorial Analysis (13th July 2024)

Welcome and Introduction

• Date: 13th July 2024
• Platform: Deepak Yadav Education YouTube channel
• Lecture covers the entire 'The Hindu' newspaper analysis.
• PDF of Lecture Notes: Available via Telegram (Deepak Yadav Education UPSC channel).

Lecture Start: Map Question

• Task: Locate Biligiri Ranganathaswamy Temple Tiger Reserve on the map.
• Practice Question: Pangong Tso lake is surrounded by which ranges?
  • Options: A. Himalayas and Aravali Range, B. Karakoram Range and Kailash Range, C. Eastern Ghats and Western Ghats, D. Vindhya Range and Satpura Range.

Editorial Discussion: Relevance of Emergency Measures

• Important News: Annual observance of 'Constitution Assassination Day' on 25th June.
• Historical Context: June 25, 1975, marking the imposition of emergency in India.
• Types of Emergencies: National, State, and Financial Emergencies.
• Key Points: Emergency Provisions in Indian Constitution

National Emergency (Article 352)

• Imposed during war, external aggression, or armed rebellion.
• Suspends fundamental rights except Articles 20 and 21.
• Judicial Review: Initially immune, restored after the 44th amendment.
• Past Instances: 1962 (China war), 1971 (Pakistan war), and 1975-1977 (internal disturbances).

State Emergency (Article 356)

• Imposed upon the governor's recommendation if the state government cannot function as per the Constitution.
• Various instances: Uttarakhand (2020), Uttar Pradesh (1991-92), Punjab (1987-92).
• Judicial Review: Included as per SR Bommai case, 1994.
• Recommendations from Poonchi and Sarkaria Commissions.

Financial Emergency (Article 360)

• Still not imposed in India.
• Can reduce government salaries, take over state's financial resources.
• Requires parliamentary approval within two months.

Conclusion: Emergency Provisions in Exams

• Importance: Focused on understanding emergency provisions for exams like UPSC Mains and Interviews.
• Learning Resource: Lakshmikant book for clarity on these topics.

Current Affairs: Ekalavya Model Residential Schools (EMRS)

• Purpose: Quality education for tribal students in remote areas.
• Current Issue: Recruitment issues due to language and regional barriers.
• Key Features: Residential, co-ed, quality education, emphasis on local culture and sports.
• Management: Now centralized under the National Education Society for Tribal Students (NESTS).

NESTS Overview

• Role: Autonomous organization under the Ministry of Tribal Affairs.
• Responsibilities: Managing EMRS, setting up schools in regions with significant tribal populations.

International Relations: Nepal Government Collapse

• Current Scenario: PM Pushpa Kamal Dahal loses no-confidence vote; possible return of KP Sharma Oli.
• Impact: Potential shift in India-Nepal relations, given Oli's pro-China stance.

Science and Environment: New Fish Species Discovery

• Species: Squalus Hima (dogfish shark), found near Kerala port.
• Research: Conducted by Zoological Survey of India (ZSI).
• Importance: Liver oil used in pharmaceuticals, anti-cancer products.
• ZSI Overview: Established in 1916, under Ministry of Environment and Forest.
• Headquarters: Kolkata, with 16 regional stations.

Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) Progress

• Report by: NITI Aayog, improved India's SDG score from 57 (2018) to 71 (current).
• Key Achievements: Public health, education, reduction in income and gender disparities.

Word of the Day: Bilk

• Meaning: To cheat or defraud, especially by taking money.
• Usage: Create a sentence with the word