Rise of Nationalism in Europe

Introduction to the Chapter

• Comprehensive study of the rise of nationalism in Europe.
• NCERT exercise questions will also be covered.
• Notes will be available for free.
• Discussion on important questions and homework questions.

Key Points

Introduction to Nationalism

• Meaning: Nationalism means patriotism or devotion to one's country.
• Importance: Situations before the rise of nationalism and its impact.

Painting by Frederic Sorrieu

• 1848 Painting: Dream of a Democratic and Social Republic.
• Meaning: Symbol of patriotism, brotherhood, and freedom.
• Presentation: Message of brotherhood through Jesus Christ and angels.

French Revolution

• Start: Overthrow of Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette in 1789.
• Result: Establishment of constitutional monarchy.

Napoleon Bonaparte

• Nature: Military dictator of France.
• Civil Code: Equality, property rights, and abolition of feudalism.

Impact of Nationalism

• Role of Middle Class (Liberals): New ideologies and economic liberalism.
• Conservative reactions: 1815 Vienna Congress and revolutionary activities.

Romanticism

• Definition: Cultural movement promoting nationalism through emotions and artistic expressions.
• Example: Johann Gottfried of Germany and Karel Korpinski of Poland.

1848 Revolutions

• Paris Revolt: Struggle against hunger and unemployment.
• Silesian Revolt: Revolt of textile workers.

Unification of Germany and Italy

• Germany: Unification by Otto von Bismarck in 1871.
• Italy: Role of Cavour and Garibaldi.

Union of Britain

• Feature: Unification by the English Parliament, use of "divide and rule" policy.

Balkan Region

• Diversity: Various cultures and ethnicities.
• Tension: Conflicts among different Slavs and intervention by external powers.

Important Questions

• Importance of Frederic Sorrieu's painting.
• Impact of the French Revolution.
• Features of Napoleon Bonaparte's Civil Code.
• Role of Romanticism.
• Process of unification of Germany and Italy.

Conclusion

The rise of nationalism in Europe played a significant role in the formation of modern nation-states. It was achieved through various movements, political struggles, and cultural expressions.