all right let's continue with part two now what are some diagnostic procedures that you could do for the eye um you can do a florene angiography which is a d injection to examine blood flow in the retina you can do a opthal moscopol pupil you can do a slit lamp microscopy which is a magnifi view expanding number of eye structures now some of the diagnosic procedures you probably have done this the Snelling chart uh uh when you go to the doctor's office uh visual acurity test uh say if you have 2020 Vision you know you can see a certain line at 20 from 20 ft the visual field test measures visual Fields when Eyes Are Fixed forward check your peripheral vision uh some treatments you can do if you have some disorders you can do enucleation which is REM removable of the entire eyeball uh you can do laser photocoagulation an arson laser creates an inflammatory reaction that seals retinal tears and leaky blood vessels or you could do the lasx some of you might have had the lasx which is later to correct errors of refraction by sculpting the cornea you have to do that at an early age cuz once I think after the age of 40 you cannot do that as much because you have some permanent uh changes that occur um what's some treatment that you can do you can do a keratoplasty which is surgical repair of the cornea if you look at that it's kind of interesting it's a corneal transplant basically the patient scarred or opaque cornea is replaced with donor cornea the sclero Buckle is a suture of a silicone band to the sclero over the detached portion of the retina faal msif ultrasound to break up a lens of aspiration for cataract removal vitrectomy removal of Vitus and replacement with a clear solution some abbreviations that you can do Alt argon laser tabic plasty AMD age related macular de degeneration H NT head ears nose and throat I intraocular lens IOP intraocular pressure laser light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation uh lasic laser Ino cat mosis OD right eye doctor of Optometry OS left eye OU both eyes pea pupils equal round reactive delight and accommodation POG primary open angular glaucoma PRK photo reflective catomy SLT selective laser tacul plasty VA that's your Visual cuity and VF is your visual field okay that was a good little OD but now let's go on to the ear so again this is not an anatomy and physiology class but you still should know a general idea of what the ear is composed of you have the outer ear receives the sound waves the sound waves travel to the middle ear and then the sound vibrations reach the inner ear which is the Labyrinth um the Oracle that's a Pena you have an external aary meatus or auditory canal you have the tempic membrane which is known as the eard drum you have the malus the incus the state PES oval window station tube CIA auditory nerves vestibul and semicircular canals so on our canvas I do have some videos that you can see how we uh processes uh hearing so again here's the Pina or the Oracle external auditory meatus here's the melus incus and stapy so basically sound travels your your the shape of the ears uh collect those sound waves the timatic membrane vibrates and magnifies those sound waves the bones will magnify it a little bit more then it goes into the oval window and it goes into the ca where there's a perm and endolymph and again those vibrations will travel and uh they really don't get interpreted until they go from the nerve signals into the auditory nerve fibers the clear vestibular vestibular clear nerve the clear Division and then it goes into the temporal lobe of the brain the outer ears the Peno or Oracle which is the projecting flap uh obviously uh elephants have a huge Oracle the external auditory meatus auditory canal the middle ear has your eard drum which is the tantic membrane the malus incast stapes the oval window a station tube okay uh inner ear Labyrinth CA auditory nerve fibers uh you do balance and equilibrium within the semicircular conect and the vestibule all right so what's the auditory canal what's the auditory matus what's the auditory nerve fibers the auditory canal is the channel that leads from the Pia to the e drum the auditory meatus is the auditory canal auditory nerve fibers carry impulses from the inner ear to the brain auditory tube the Oracle and the seran auditory tube channel between the middle ear and the naso ferin station tube that's where uh kids get a lot of ear infections because their auditory tube is shorter and uh as we get older that becomes more angular and longer so we have less infections as an adult the Oracle the flap of the ear protruding part of the external ear or penina the serum which is ear wax waxy substance created by the external ear to keep your ear canal safe trap foreign particles and insects Co snail-shaped spiral wound uh uh tube in the inner ear endolymph is fluid with the Labyrinth of the inner ear e tube is the auditory tube incus Labyrinth milus uh incus is the second osle of the middle ear labyrinths is a mazike series of canals of the inner ear melus is the first osle of the middle ear organ of Cai osle oval window organ of Cai is the sensitive auditory receptor area found in the C of the inner ear oscal is a small bone of the ear oval window membrane between the middle ear and the inner ear Peril lymph the Pina and the semicircular canals Peril lymph fluid contained in the Labyrinth of the inner ear Pena Oracle flap of the ear semicircular canals passages in the inner ear associated with maintaining equilibrium uh stapes tanic membrane vestibule Apes is the third osle of the middle ear tanic membrane membrane between the outer and the middle ear vestibular Central cavity of the labyrinth connecting the semicircular canals and the ca so what's the snail shaped spiral wound tube in the area that contains hearing sensitive receptor cells that's the CIA D all right what is acous so you guys have heard of Acoustics right so I don't know if you have uh played musical instruments or anything like that but that's Acoustics um but what about when it comes to what what does that mean pertaining to sound Audi is uh hearing so audio ometer uh instrument to measure the sharpness of hearing audit hearing auditory pertaining to hearing uh oral ear uh that could be oral discharge discharge uh material from the ear post oric pertaining to behind the ear CA uh CA or cier pertaining to the ca mastoid is a mastoid process that's a bony protuberance behind your ear you can get mastoiditis inflammation of the mastoid process behind the ear maringe eard drum tanic membrane or Ming otomy uh incision of the eard drum meritis inflammation of the eardrum uh oat a is ear so otic pertaining to the ear autom micosis abnormal condition of fungal infection in the ear Sal pinge is the station tube so uh salpin salpino Fingal pertaining to the station tube and the the throat uh C penitis uh inflammation of the station tube stap is uh stapes so stapedius or stapedectomy removal of the stapy bone uh temp eardrum so you can get tempano plasty surgical repair of the eardrum that's common in kids when they put the Q-tip too far in vestibul is the vestibular so vestibular cocar uh nerve what about cus um press be cus Progressive bilateral hearing loss occurring with age a meter instrument for measure measuring and OA is a ear condition so so macrotia condition of large ears and microtia condition of small ears now you can get a acoustic neuroma which is a benign tumor arising uh from the eighth cranial nerve causing tentis vertigo uh dizziness and decreased hearing you can get a colotomy or I'm sorry Chota skin cells and cholesterol in the sac in the middle ear cystlike Mass sated with chronic infections uh definite loss of ability to hear uh maners disease very common disorder of the labyrinth with elevated in endol pressure in the clear and semicircular canals causing tentis uh sensitivity sound Progressive hearing loss Headache nausea and vertigo otitis media inflammation of the middle ear Autos sclerosis hardening of the Bony tissue in The Labyrinth uh you've heard of tentis sensation of noises ringing buzzing whistling uh boom booming in the ears uh vertigo sensation of irregular motion whirling from disease of the inner ear or nerve carrying messages from the semicircular Canal so make sure you know that vertigo and ttis are not the same thing so ttis is sensation of noises such as ringing buzzing whistling vertigo is sensation of irregular motion okay of the inner ear audiometry an audiometer is an electrical device used to determine hearing loss by frequency uh you can do a clear implant surgically implanted device that allows sensory neural hearing impaired persons to understand speech ear thermometry uh body temperature measured with infrared radiation from the eard drum autoscopy is a visual examination of the ear with a small handheld scope uh tuning fork test hearing test using a vibration Fork reeny is a fork is placed against the mastoid bone uh bone conduction in front of the auditory meatus air condition conduction Weber is a fork is placed on the center of the forehead uh normal hearing has equal loudness in both ears so what are some abbreviations that uh occur they not too many when it comes to the ear but a is the right ear as is the left ear a is a acute Titus media eent Eyes Ears Nose and Throat electron theago nagog graphy ENT uh ear nose and throat ETD station tube dysfunction he n t head ear Eyes Ears Nose and Throat PE tube pressure equalizing tube uh so you heard of uh people that have put tubes in their ear uh and then s so is Cirus otitis media okay