BST Part A Revision Lecture Notes

परिचय

• सभी chapters का एक shot में revision
• Doubt वाले chapters के detailed lecture देखें
• Detailed lecture के बाद PYQs करें
• Test देना हो तो available हैं

Management की परिभाषा

• Management is a process of inter-related and interdependent functions
• दूसरों से काम करवाना effectively और efficiently
• Effectively (Time), Efficiency (Cost)
• Effectiveness: सही समय पे काम पूरा
• Efficiency: Resources का सही उपयोग
• Management characteristics: Goal oriented, Pervasive, Continuous, Group activity, Dynamic, Intangible
• Objectives: Organizational, Social, Personal

Nature of Management

• Management एक Science और Art है
• Not a full-fledged profession but moving towards it
• Management principles based on experimentation

Levels of Management

• Top Level: Welfare, Business environment analysis, Strategy
• Middle Level: Interpretation of policies, Staff management
• Lower Level: Worker interaction, Supervision, Quality standards

Coordination

• Synchronization of activities for achieving goals
• Primary function of every manager
• Feature: Integrates efforts, Deliberate

Principles of Management

• General guidelines for decision making
• Universal applicability
• Developed through practice and experimentation
• Importance: Provides insight, Optimum use of resources, Effective administration

Fayol's Principles

• Division of Work, Authority and Responsibility, Discipline
• Unity of Command and Direction, Subordination of Individual Interest
• Remuneration, Centralization vs Decentralization
• Scalar Chain, Order, Equity, Stability
• Espirit de Corps, Initiative

Taylor's Scientific Management

• Science, not rule of thumb
• Harmony, not discord
• Cooperation, not individualism
• Development of worker

Techniques of Taylor

• Functional Foremanship, Standardization, Simplification
• Work Study: Motion, Time, Method, Fatigue
• Differential Piece Wage System

Business Environment

• External forces impacting business
• Features: Specific and general forces, Interrelated, Dynamic, Complex

Planning

• Thinking in advance
• Features: Goal oriented, Pervasive, Continuous, Futuristic
• Importance: Provides direction, Reduces uncertainty
• Process: S-Dies If (Setting objectives, Developing premises...)

Organizing

• Departmentalization: Group similar activities
• Importance: Specialization, Role clarity, Adaptation to change
• Structure: Functional and Divisional

Staffing

• Filling and keeping filled positions
• Importance: Competent employees, Growth
• Process: Engineer SP TPPC (Estimating requirements, Recruitment...)

Directing

• Initiation of action, Continuous process, At all levels
• Elements: Supervision, Motivation, Leadership, Communication
• Motivation theories: Maslow's Hierarchy
• Incentives: Monetary and Non-monetary

Communication

• Process of sharing ideas and understanding
• Types: Formal and Informal
• Barriers: Semantic, Psychological, Organizational, Personal

Leadership

• Styles: Autocratic, Democratic, Laissez-faire

Controlling

• Monitoring performance and taking corrective actions
• Features: Goal oriented, Pervasive, Backward and forward looking
• Process: Comparing actual performance with standards

Conclusion

• Planning and controlling are inseparable twins of management
• Forward and backward looking functions
• Required at all levels

End of Part A Revision

Note: These notes are a high-level summary. For detailed understanding, refer to detailed lectures and practice previous year questions.