hello hello greats welcome back to our uh English first editional language preparation for literature that we which is paper two is still on poetry and we are going to now do another Sonet by the renounced speak author and writer classical writer by the way uh William Shakespeare it's a very old classical poem and um this is now what you call an Elizabethan or Shakespearean Sonet that which we are going to read about it and it when I whenever you speak about this structure do remember what I said that you must be in a position to differentiate it between the Italian if not the petate the italianate have already done that that which is on the guards of end Cricket so you must be in a pos position to differentiate between the two and by now I have stated that you should expect questions around structure of the poem even though it's not the son it might be a free verse it might be a bad and so forth um William Shakespeare was born just a brief background because we always do that with author and with poet so that we get to understand um them a bit better which ultimately makes their work easier for us to understand he was born on the 26th of April 1564 that was a long time ago and died on the 23rd of April 1616 an English play writer poet even he did a bit of acting so he wrote 154 sonets and from the 154 sonets that he wrote today we are going to learn about Sonet 73 that which is famous uh son 1773 is seen as one of his famous sonets related to Old aging so this Sonet is going to be if not the NAB of the Sonet itself is going to be centered around the ideas of uh aging as well as uh death so son 73 the ideas day is going to be related to aging and death so these are the two concepts that we expect to read about in this Sonet now the theet reads as follows that time of yeah though m in me behold when yellow leaves or none or few do hang upon those bows which Shake against the cold be choir where late the sweet bed sng in me thou SE th the Twilight of such a day as after a sunset fadeth in the wor which by and by Black Knight doth take away death second self that seals up all in West in me thou SE the glowing of such fire that on the ashes of his youth does lie as a death bed wherein it must expire consumed with that which it was nourished by this though per which makes thy life more strong the love that world which thou must live for long or forever long and then we are going to have a translation into the modern day English which means you may see that time of the year in me when few or none yellow leaves hang on those branches that just shiver in the cold bear RS of the choir stalls where sweet birs sang so recently you see in me the Twilight of a day after such a after the sun has set in the wor extinguished by the Black Knight that imitates death which closes everything in rest you see in me the glowing ambus that are all that that are all that is left off the fire of my youth the death bed on which youth must inevitably die consumed by the life that once affect it this is something you can see and it gives your love the strength deeply to love that which you have to lose soon so we did mention that um the poem speaks about the two concepts that which is aging and death so the title we don't need to unpack it further we just know that it is number 73 from the 144 poems that he wrote now let us look into the format that which is the structure I've stated and emphasized over and over again that the structure is important so and then whenever you uh answering questions based on poetry you should expect questions around structures and please don't only uh be fixated that you'll only get a structure questions only based on sorry based only on Sonet you may get structure questions for free verses for balad and so forth so each and every poem that you analyze in gr 12 or that you have analyzed in gr 12 please revise all the structure so that you know and you are in a position to answer successfully the structure of the that particular poem now this is a poem of 14 lines of course it's an English Shakespearean or Elizabeth and Sonet so these are just synonyms if you don't want to call it Shakespearean Sonet you can call it Elizabeth and Sonet and then it consists of three quatran what do you mean by quat a quatron it means four lines so it means the set of four lines it means the first four lines will rhyme together the second four lines will rhyme together the third four lines will rhyme together giving us the total of 12 lines and then the last two lines we call them a coplet and then we've got AIC pentameter and then the right scheme is a b a b c d c d e f e f and then of course the C is going to be what g g the first two quadr introduces the main idea and the theme of the poem bear in mind don't forget that you are dealing with aging and the the concept of death and at the beginning of the third quarr there is a change in Prime where there's almost a Twist and then the copet summarizes and leaves the reader with a new concluding image so we are going to see those images we going to see those mood and those themes and bear in mind also what I've taugh you that you must be able to note if there's a transition in a poem where now the poet moves from One Tone to the other and move from one theme to The Other to embrace something totally different than what was embraced initially in the poem so please be mindful of transitions if not contrast in points critical to know the difference vocabulary line by line that time of the year thou must behold right uh let me just unpack the notes quickly right in the first quatra the poet anticipate his own decayed means his own demise his own death he talks of the time when he will appear as pale and dry as the world in cold a biting winter he Compares himself as a branches of the tree that are used that used to be lovely and melodious that time of the year m in me behold when yellow leaves or none or you do hang when we see yellow leaves during the season of autumn that is when plants if not flowers Shed off their Shed off their leaves in preparation for spring so that after winter so that uh they can grow again so he compares to himself not to a blooming flower or a green flower but a yellow yellow means meaning that it is now decaying it means that it's now old right and then in that in that particular tree he says a few or none do hang and of course during uh Autumn that is when the trees are shedding their leaves and then that is why you see none of few he still referring to to the to the leaves and this um image it is used to show or to emphasize or to indicate the idea if not the concept of what of Aging upon those bows which Shake against the cold bear R choirs where the late sweet b sing now because of the cold weather That Shook the B it means the branches of the tree that shook the branches of the tree what do we mean by a bear something that is be is something that is naked right rued cho cho here represents the sounds of the beds of the chipping beds where late the sweet bed sing it means and you can also see the tense that is used in the Slime it's past tense it means that currently the Bears are not there to sing because why the wind and the coldness shook off the branches now and already even the branches don't have a leaf because the leaves are yellow and there's nothing hanging there or only few leaves are left and even the be b means naked or in the absence of something ruined ruined something when you ruin something it's when you destroy it so again I'm going to take you back to what we said when we discussing poetry that you check diction and how images are portrayed if not painted in a in a picture to drive a particular idea home so the idea that has been driven by William Shakespeare here to us is that even the trees even the Birds that used to sit or nest in the trees to sing are no longer there because the trees are bare and then they late even look at the word late and then s you look at the word late and then you look at the word s past tense it means that currently as in when the speaker is speaking there are no birds that are singing even the trees are how naked this is also to show what um you compar himself as a branch of the tree that used to be lovely and melodious but currently it is no longer melodious and which ultimately correlate with the idea of what aging and then youu here refers to the friend yellow leaves refers to botom of Life gray hair line three bows it means what the branches like I for stated this branches are empty now meaning that old age or growing older there used to be B sitting there branches are now bad because remember the leaves no longer do do what hang so he uses those um images so this poem is filled with extended metaphors he uses um a season of Autumn and the branches the tree branches that are shaking off the leaves and that are now to compare himself to what to aging to signify or represent the ideal of what of Aging old age and Autumn it's a metaphor remember I've said the data you must draw a um you must draw I'm sorry you must draw a common threat between Autumn and old age old age it means that one is aging getting older and then Autumn um that's when the trees also getting older because the trees um it's it's in a season where trees are shedding off their leaves in order in preparation for new ones line 5 to8 and then quickly before we get to L 5 7 and 8 let me just uh summarize quickly the first quatron to say that um in the first quatron the speaker Compares age into late Autumn which is by using a metaphor and then growing older is like when they leave Fallen of the trees that is the comparison or the effectiveness of using that metaphor is to show that by virtue of growing older it's more like a leaves that sheds off its tree during the weather sorry during an Autumn season and furthermore and it's an extended metaphor because the weather has gotten colder and the beds have just what flown away and then even the melodious sound from the beds are no more because it said that be what so it shows that and signifies the first qu the idea of what aging now let us check the second qur in me thou SE the Twilight of such a day as after sunsight fadeth in the worst which by and by Black Knight do take away death second s sells Up all In rest the point implies here the approach of death to him almost becoming depressed and then the mood changes to gloom and Melancholy remember it's important to always uh identify the mood and the themes that are portrayed through the words that are used the manner in which the poet chose to use words to describe circumstances now in me thou sees the Twilight of such a day when you say Twilight Twilight that is the redish um appearance of the sun just before it set so when the sun set of course what comes after the sun set is nothing but what Darkness so Twilight here is going to represent what the end of life by of the of the speaker because Twilight it means when the sun says now introducing moving from day to night so that movement or that shift signifies of course not only aging but now he introduces further the idea of what of dying as after Sunset fadeth what in the worst exactly what I've just explained the PO the poet implies here the approach of death to him almost becoming depressed the mood changes to gloomy and Melancholy and then you also see uh um which by and by Black Knight do take away um you repetition of the word buy and by and also description of the night that is black do take away death second s death seals up in sorry that cells Up all In rest he says here that he will look like the quickly fading Twilight of the day as the Sun is setting in the W so just like the Dark Night Time takes over the day right because when you say wish byy and by it means slowly when the Twilight appears it means it is swallowing up the sun it is swalling up the daylight to reint to introduce what Darkness so Darkness here will represent what death right this two will bring him to H the Oblivion of the night because what the dark is death so death second self that SS Up all In rest of course um during the night when now the the sun has set and then they intro we introduce the night the night is dark of course and we normally sleep during the night and hence death second self because we we we sleep can be Associated to partial death because that's where now we get to be just a bit unconscious and arrest so he says that now there's no longer Sunset because there's Twilight and that Twilight when it moves by and by it introduces a black knight and also this is a reinforcement of how gloomy the night is because we all know that without having the the descriptive word or adjective black that automatically during the night is actually darker but by virtue of William Shakespeare here further cementing the fact that the night is black ultimately reinforces that imagery of what darkness which ultimately transits if not translated to the idea of passing away or if not the idea of meeting his demise if not that then 9 to 12 before that let us go back and summarize again exactly what we have done the second quarr in essence what we can conclude to say in the second quarr the speaker Compares aging to Twilight growing older is compared to the last Light left in the day slowly fading in the darkness of what of a night time which signifies death like I've already stated and then now let us go to the third quarr which are the third four Lin of the SP of theet in me thou SE the glowing of such a fire that on the ashes of his youth do lie as that as the death bed wherein it must expire consumed with that which it was nourished by the poet here implies that his sorry he lost his lost you youthfulness energy and vitality have well consumed him and draw him to death his tone here is deep deeply distressful and despondent he's really saddened by the idea of aging and dying and you see that through the manner he used words to express if not to approach the concept of dying and aging in me th is the glowing of such a fire so here the word glowing is the contast of Darkness dying like what we have been reading in the second quatron now anything that glows has a positive connotation to it right you can whenever someone says you are growing up it means that you're beautiful your appearance is beautiful but then what does he refer to here when he says that in me thou see the glowing of such a fire he is now reminiscing about his youth that on the ashes of his youth does die before you can have ashes you're going to have a fire right so this is a metaphorical representation of his life to say listen I am aging now I am dying now but the ases that you see now are the result of what was once a glowing fire you get me so a glowing fire it's a metaphorical representation of his youth that he was once young glowing vital and vibrant however what is left now are what are the ashes and then the ashes this is what you call jar position because we have glowing against what ashes and then the ashes now are going to be the remnants of what used to be a vibrant fire which is going to be the aftermath of Aging now which is now at the ases of what do light so because we no longer have the fire is no longer glowing of course in the when the fire is done burning what's left is what the ashes so the ashes will represent um his aging if not his dying all age uh the dying out of fire exactly what I've said the glowing of such fire the spark of Embers the ases of his use the remains of the poet youth youthful passion only the ases remain when it is BN out this exactly what I've just said these uh youthful desires remain after the end of his youth The Embers are dying out the poet youth once gave him warmth and Radiance which is a contrast of what You' have been reading about that is what you mean by jaar position and and contrast where we are shifting from one mood to the other that it's not all that gloomy I once had a glow up season in my life when I the glowing fire in me when I was young but H now which is what is fed so now the fire is doomed so what is left are what the ashes so you understand now what are these symbolical representation of these images they represent the youthfulness of this of the poet as well as now the old version of the poet and then line 13 and 14 William shakespare always uses a coplet to um to to close all of his sonets which is an artistic and and and his signature style of writing right and then line 13 to 14 do thou perceiv which make thy love more strong to love that well which thou must live forever long this will however as filled by the poet lead the friend to love him more as one who is to pass away soon there is a change in tone from depression to consolation or to a sense of hope so the friend will perceive in the poet that um this shadow of death the mark of Decay and it will enhance the intensity of the friend's love for the poet love more sincerely the friend will soon be separated from the poet because of death but the poet finds consolation from the thought of his friend's love his sense of loss is is thus gone and the mood of depression is well is how removed so the coplet is a very strong closing statement finally the coplet reveals that the Sonet is a love poem as the speaker says that the person being spoken to must acknowledge all these things in order to strengthen the love they have for the speaker before the speaker passes away from aging and the word love has got so many positive connotations which is a contrast of what we have been reading about darkness dark night gloominess somberness and so forth in the closing lines now what he has he has um an element of Hope and consolation that even though that I'm aging but what is important is that that all these things in order to strengthen what the love they have for the speaker just before the speaker can do what can die H the theme the theme Here is a theme of Aging it is something that is natural and inevitable it does not mean that it's a negative aspect but refer to the metaphors in each quadr so whenever you you would answer H the concept of a theme in this uh in this in theet pardon me please do as I've already St as said or shared in the previous poems that you are going to use evidence from the poem to substantiate there are many prominent topics to discuss in Sonet 73 an analysis most prominently the Sonet touches on the pregnant topic of aging and death which res resonates deeply with most people that read the poem The speaker is coming to terms with the impermanence of his life he recognized the Aging will occur whether he sorry whether he faces he faces it or not but he walks through the process of this idea through the use of metaphors so he uses quite a lot of metaphors like we have said aging uh using um ashes using burning or glowing fire using autum yellow leaves and so forth to represent the idea of aging and youthfulness however the third quarr is crucial to focus on compared to the two when the speaker Compares death to Autumn and the Setting Sun it is important to note that this proces are are cical in a sense the speaker is still Deni denying the fact that one day he will die but in the third quarr Compares death to a dying fire the speaker finally accept the finality of death and then in the last two lines the finality truly sinks in and causes the speaker to plead that they are love will still care for them even though they are gone in terms of the mood the Sonet starts out with quite a somber mood I must say and then where the speaker now has this dark images of of of aging and death and then um which also have an element of of of depression and sense of disparity the speaker is coming into terms when death and sry with death and this is not a happy process but then just as the theme changes in the CET in the C the theme changes hence the use of the word love death is no longer the focus but the focus in the final two sentences or the final um sentences which are the coplet is that the mood shift from a somber mood to a brighter mood that which is cemented on the idea of the embracing of Love whilst the speaker is still alive before the speaker dep pass it's a very beautiful written piece by William Shakespeare that Embraces death than aging however towards the end of the poem he concludes it strongly so with a contra a contrary or should I say contradicting imagery from those that were were used in the three quat where he Embraces love to say and seals up the idea and accept that he is going to die but however what shall sustain him is uh the fact that the the speaker here is going to continue to do what to strengthen or to do what to love him thank you so much and I believe I managed to make the PO the poem easier for you to understand do also check the modern day English that I've shared with you in this poem to simplify the lines that may seem a bit complicated or complex to understand once more good luck