Overview
Tinalakay sa leksyon kung paano maayos at tama ang pagsulat ng research abstract para sa thesis o dissertation gamit ang tamang format at nilalaman.
Ano ang Abstract
- Ang abstract ay buod o synopsis ng research na makikita bago ang mga chapters ng papel.
- Ito ay concise, direct to the point, at logically sequenced.
- Dapat tama at tugma ang detalye sa abstract at sa mismong research paper.
Uri ng Abstract
- May tatlong uri: informative, descriptive, at critical abstract.
- Informative abstract ang karaniwang ginagamit; naglalaman ng background, main points, findings, conclusion, at recommendations.
- Descriptive abstract ay maiksi (mga 100 words), walang findings o conclusion.
- Critical abstract ay mahaba at may kasamang analysis at commentary.
Nilalaman at Pagkakasunod ng Paragraphs
- Paragraph 1 (GVST): General objective, variables, setting, at time frame ng study.
- Paragraph 2: Statement of the problem sa declarative form, hypothesis/assumption, at ginamit na statistical treatment o qualitative analysis.
- Paragraph 3 (MRSI): Method of research, respondents/participants, sampling technique, at instruments na ginamit (e.g., questionnaire).
- Paragraphs 4-5: Major findings ng study, nakaayos ayon sa statement of the problem.
- Paragraph 6: Conclusions, maaaring paragraph form o enumerated depende sa school guidelines.
- Paragraph 7 (optional): Recommendations at implications, depende rin kung required sa paaralan.
Pagkakasunod-sunod ng Abstract
- Sundin ang logical sequence: objectives, SOP, methodology, findings, conclusions, at recommendations (kung pinapayagan).
- Major findings lamang ang isama, iwasan ang sobrang detalye at numero.
Key Terms & Definitions
- Abstract — Buod ng research na naglalaman ng mga mahahalagang punto.
- Informative abstract — Uri ng abstract na may background, findings, conclusion, at recommendations.
- Descriptive abstract — Maikli, walang findings o conclusion.
- Critical abstract — Naglalaman ng analysis at commentary.
- GVST — General objective, Variables, Setting, Time frame.
- MRSI — Method, Respondents, Sampling, Instrument.
Action Items / Next Steps
- Gumawa ng abstract base sa GVST (P1), SOP/hypothesis/analysis (P2), MRSI (P3), findings (P4-5), conclusions (P6), at recommendations (P7 kung required).
- Suriin ang school guidelines kung kailangan ng recommendations sa abstract.
- I-review ang sequencing ng details batay sa statement of the problem.