IUPAC Naming Masterclass

Introduction

• Goal: Cover entire IUPAC naming in one video
• Topics include naming branch chains, complex chains, multiple bonds, functional groups, polyfunctional groups, cyclic & aromatic compounds
• Objective: Complete coverage in 1-1.5 hours

Naming Basics

• Carbon Chains:
  • 1 carbon: Meth
  • 2 carbons: Eth
  • 3 carbons: Prop
  • 4 carbons: But
• Bonds:
  • Single: -ane
  • Double: -ene
  • Triple: -yne
• Functional Groups:
  • Alcohol: -ol (suffix)
  • Chlorine: chloro- (prefix)

Example

• Compound: 4 carbons, 1 chlorine, 1 OH
• Naming: 3-chlorobutan-1-ol or 3-chlorobutanol

Key Rules

• Naming Order: Prefix + Word Root + Suffix
• Capitalize first letter of the compound name

Cyclic Compounds

• Represented by corners as carbons
• Example: Cyclohexane
• Naming involves counting carbons and bonds in the cycle

Functional Groups and Suffixes

• COOH: Carboxylic acid (-oic acid)
• CHO: Aldehyde (-al)
• CO: Ketone (-one)
• OH: Alcohol (-ol)
• CONH2: Amide (-amide)
• COCl: Acid chloride (-oyl chloride)
• COOCH3: Ester (alkyl alkanoate)
• CN and NC: Cyanide (-nitrile) and Isocyanide (common name)
• NO2: Nitro (prefix)
• SH: Thiol (-thiol)
• Primary, Secondary, Tertiary Amines:
  • R-NH2 (-amine)
  • R2-NH (N-alkylamine)
  • R3-N (N-alkyl-N-alkylamine)
• Anhydrides: Alkanoyl alkanoic anhydride

Prefixes for Function Groups & Substituents

• Alkyl groups: methyl, ethyl, propyl
• Halogens: fluoro-, chloro-, bromo-, iodo-
• Others: nitro (NO2), alkoxy (RO)

Nomenclature Rules

• Main Chain Selection: Longest chain with functional group or multiple bonds
• Numbering: Lowest locant rule
• Naming: Prefixes alphabetically, follow with main chain

Examples & Special Cases

• Handling of multiple side chains, complex side chains
• Naming with multiple bonds
• Polyfunctional groups: Use priority tables
  • Carboxylic > esters > acid chlorides > amides > nitriles > aldehydes > ketones > alcohols

Cyclic Compounds and Aromatics

• Cyclic Compounds:
  • Prioritize longest chains or those with more double bonds
  • Use cyclo- prefix
• Aromatic Compounds:
  • Benzene derivatives
  • Naming with functional groups

Conclusion

• The video covers comprehensive IUPAC naming rules
• Practice is essential for mastering the topic
• Encouragement to like, subscribe, and share