Hello guys, this is Play Chemistry and you are watching IUPAC Naming Masterclass. In this video, our task is to cover the entire IUPAC naming in just one video. We will cover A to Z rules step by step without skipping anything. We will do everything, naming of branch chains, complex chains, multiple bonds, functional groups, polyfunctional groups, cyclic compounds, aromatic compounds.
Everything in this single video. We have optimized this topic to such an extent that everything can be completed in just 1-1.5 hours. So let's start the most important part of organic chemistry, IUPAC, NOMAL GLITTER. First example, we will first name this compound.
So look at this compound. This compound has 4 carbons, 1 chlorine and 1 OH. and in its carbon chain All the bonds are single bonds.
So let's do its naming step by step. For 4 carbon bonds, we use but. M for 1 carbon, H for 2 carbons, C for 3, and B for 4. Here we have total 4 carbons. So here we will use but.
Now look at the carbon chain of this compound. All the bonds in this carbon chain are single bonds. And for single bond, we use an.
If all the bonds on the carbon chain are single bonds, then use ane. If there is at least one double bond, use ene. And if there is even one triple bond, then use ane. So here we will use ane.
So but plus ane gives butane. Now there are two functional groups in this compound. OH alcohol and Cl Chloro.
From alcohol and chloro, we consider alcohol as the main functional group and chloro as a substituent. For the main functional group, we use suffix. And for Substituent, Prefix.
Suffix is the part which we put at the end of the name. And Prefix is the part which we put at the beginning of the name. For Alcohol, we use suffix "-ol". And for Chlorine, we use prefix "-chloro".
So, "-ol", will be used at the end of the name. And "-chloro", will be used at the beginning of the name. There is a rule in Naming, that if the Functional Group starts with "-wawel", then we have to remove "-e", from "-ain".
Because, we can't use two vowels together. So remove the "-eco". Chlorine and alcohol, where are they in the compound?
That can make a difference in naming. Suppose chlorine is here, or chlorine is here. So we consider it as a different compound. And if it is a different compound, then its name should also be different.
So it is important to tell us after numbering, where is chloro and where is alcohol. So what is the method of numbering? So let's do the numbering of this compound.
Alcohol and Chlorine have higher priority. So we have to do numbering in such a way that alcohol is at lowest locant. So let's do its numbering.
First of all, we do numbering of main chain's carbons. And numbering starts from the starting point of main chain or from the ending point. And numbering is done in such a way that main function group is at lowest locant.
So here alcohol is main function group. So, according to this, numbering has to start from this end. We will do numbering thoroughly in this chapter, but for this example, you just have to keep this much in mind.
So, this is correct numbering. Now, see the positions of all the substituent and functional groups. Here, chlorine is at the third position, so we will use 3-chloro.
And alcohol is at the first position, so we will use 1-ol. So, we will write its name as 3-chloro-mutane. One all. Now one more important thing that you have to keep in mind. In naming, the first letter should always be capital.
So C in Chloro is the first letter. So it will be capital. And apart from this, no other letter should be capital.
So in the coming names, you have to remember this. And this compound can also be written as 3-Chlorobutanol. you can also write it.
That's because... Because if we don't mention the position of the ole, then by default, it will be considered as 1 ole. So 3-chlorobutanol is equal to 3-chlorobutan-1-ole.
So this was the naming. Now let's analyze this IUPAC name. Look at this naming.
First of all, we mentioned the substituent. After substituent, we mentioned the number of carbons. And after number of carbons, Nature of what?
And finally, Functional Group. All the organic compounds that we will name, we will follow this order in all of them. And if we simplify it further and write, So, this part is called prefix, this part is called word root and this part is called suffix.
While naming, we will follow this order. Now, one more important example. This is a cyclic compound.
Now, in this example and the previous example, there was only one difference. The previous compound was an open chain and this compound is a cyclic compound. Everything else is the same.
So first of all, let's understand this cyclic structure. If you write this compound by expanding it, then it will look something like this. Every corner of this cyclic structure represents a carbon.
Here, there are total 6 corners, that is, there are total 6 carbons in this compound. Now look at the edges of this cycle. The edge of this cycle tells us what kind of bond is there in this compound.
Single line means single bond. Double line means double bond, 3 lines means triple bond. Here, all the edges have single lines.
That means, there are only single bonds on it. So, the first structure is called bond line structure, and the second structure is called expanded form. So, this structure has 6 carbons, all the bonds are single, and it also has alcohol and chlorine.
So, it is exactly like the previous one, but this time it is cyclic. First of all, we will do its numbering like the previous example. So we have to do numbering with the carbon which has main function group. And here main function group is alcohol. So let's do the numbering.
So alcohol is at 1 and Cl is at 4. So we will do its naming in proper order. First of all, prefix, then word root, then suffix. For chlorine we use chloro and since chloro is at 4th position, So we will write 4-chloro.
And since this is a cyclic compound, so we will write cyclo for it. Now since this compound has a total of 6 carbons, and we use hex for those 6 carbons, so write hex. Since all the bonds in this compound are single bonds, so we will use ane.
And since alcohol is the main function group in this, so we will use ole here. So the structure of this name is 4-chloro plus cyclo plus hex plus ane plus ole. So ultimately we will write it forchlorocyclohexanol. So this is a typical IUPAC name.
This compound has all the components that can be in an IUPAC name. So the middle one is hex. And this is what we call word root. Word root tells us how many carbons are there in the compound.
Word root has a complete list which I will tell you later. After hex is written ane. This part is called primary suffix. Primary suffix tells us that there is a single bond in compound or double bond or triple bond.
For single bond, we use ane. For double bond, we use een. And for triple bond, we use ein. After ane, we write ol and this part is called secondary suffix. Secondary suffix tells us which functional group is in compound.
Before word root hex, we write cyclo. Cyclo is primary prefix. Cycloboard tells us whether the compound is cyclic or non-cyclic.
If the compound is cyclic, then use cyclo. And if the compound is not cyclic, and is an open chain, then don't write anything. Before cyclo, we have written chloro.
And chloro is here a secondary prefix. Secondary prefix tells us which substituents are used in the compound and which side chains are used. In this compound, chloro is a substituent.
So we have written it in the very beginning. So in the coming compounds, you will observe this order First of all, we will tell side chains and substituents and then cyclo if compound is cyclic and then we will tell number of carbons and then we will tell if compound has single bond or double bond or triple bond and in the end we will tell which function group is used in compound So, we are going to follow this order secondary prefix plus primary prefix plus word root plus primary suffix plus secondary suffix And we can't alter this order. We can't change anything. Now in the next part, we will see the list of all word roots, prefix and suffix. So let's see complete list of word roots, prefix and suffix in this section.
So first of all, let's see the complete list of word roots. If there is only one carbon in our chain, then we will use METH. If there are two carbons, then we will use ITH.
If there are three carbons, then we will use PROP. If there are four, then we will use BUTE. If there are five, then we will use PENT. If there are six, then we will use HEX. If there are seven, then we will use HEFT.
For eight, we will use OCT. For nine, we will use NONE. For ten, we will use TEC.
For eleven, we will use UNDEC. For twelve, we will use DODEC. You will only need twelve. If you want to go beyond that, you can check this list.
Next is Primary Suffix. So it is clear. It's ein, een or ein based on number of bonds.
Next is the list of secondary suffixes. What are secondary suffixes for? For functional groups. So let's discuss complete list of functional groups here.
First of all, COH means carboxylic acid. You will use Oic acid for it. CS3, CS2, COOH. Here you have to keep in mind that we will count the carbon of carboxylic as well.
So here we have total 3 carbons and single bond in the chain. So we will use propane and for COH we use Oic acid Because Oic starts with O which is a vowel So we will delete E from AIN So its correct name is propane noic acid CHO is aldehyde and for aldehyde we use L So let's see this compound with three carbons, single bond and aldehyde So we will call this compound propanol Now CO, so this is ketone and for this we will use One So see this compound. Both the compounds have 5 carbons and all the single bonds in the carbon chain and 1 ketone.
But the position of the ketone is different in both. So let's do the numbering. In the first one, ketone is at second position.
So we will name it as pentane 2-one. And in the second case, ketone is at third position. So it will be named as pentane 3-one. Now let's move to OH.
You know it. It's alcohol and we use ol for it. We have used it in the previous examples. So we will not do it here.
Now some new ones. Which you will not do in the 10th class also. It is CONH2.
This function group is called acid amide. And we use amide suffix for it. So CS3, CS2, CONH2.
Again 3 carbon and in carbon chain single bonds and 1 acid amide. So it will be written as propane amide. COCL This is called Acid Chloride and we use Oil Chloride for it. CS3, CS2, COCl.
So, what will be its name? Propanoyl Chloride. Now, next one is COOR. This is ester group. It has two parts.
COO and R. So, what is R? This is Alkyl group.
Let's see how it's named. Alkyl with one carbon, methyl. Alkyl with two carbons, ethyl. Propyl with three. Char wala butyl.
I hope you get this pattern. To ester mein ye R hai alkyl. Now let's come to the nomenclature. Look at this compound.
This is ester. Ismein do parts hai. This part is written as alkyl and this part is written as alkanoid. To complete name hoga alkyl, alkanoid.
So look at this alkyl part. Ismein sirf A carbon hai. So we will call it methyl. Now look at this alkanoid part. This part has total 4 carbons.
So we will use butanoid for this part. Combining both, we get methyl butanoid. So this is how we will name the ester. Let's do one more example.
CS3COO CS2CS3 So divide this compound also. This time, there are 2 carbons in the alkyl part. So this part is called ethyl. Now look at the alkanoid part. Here total 2 carbons are there.
So it will be called ethanoid. So this compound is Ethyl Ethanoate. So this was ester.
Now next functional groups. CN and NC. First one is cyanide and other is isocyanide.
Both look the same but they are different. Look at these two compounds. One is cyanide and other is isocyanide.
Cyanide is bonding with carbon and isocyanide with nitrogen. So that's the difference between both of them. Now let's come to naming. Cn means cyanide, for this we use suffix nitrile.
So, Cs3, Cs2, Cn. In this compound, there are total 3 carbons. And due to cyanide group, we will use nitrile. So, its IUPAC name is propane nitrile.
Now, because nitrile starts with N, which is not a vowel, so, we did not delete E from N. Now, let's name this isocyanide. IUPAC name is not for isocyanide.
There is only common name for it. The writing method of this compound is alkyl isocyanide. So here we have two carbon alkyls, so that is Ethyl and then Rite isocyanide. So this compound is Ethyl isocyanide.
Next is NO2 and ONO, Nitro and Nitrite group. There is a difference in bonding side in both these groups. Nitro has bonding with nitrogen and nitrite with oxygen.
And both have different structure. Now let's come to the naming. For Nitro group, we use prefix Nitro which comes before the word root.
Here we have Nitro and Ethane. So we will call it Nitro Ethane. CS3, CS2, Ono.
Ono Nitrite, they also don't have any IUPAC name, but they have a common name. It is named as Alkyl Nitrite. Very similar to Isocyanide group.
First part is called Ethyl and other is Nitrite. So it will be called Ethyl Nitrite. Now next is OH and SH.
Alcohol and Thiol Alcohol. The way we use the word Ole for alcohol, similarly we will use the word Thiol for Thioalcohol. Let's do a quick naming.
First one is called Ethanol. And second one is called Ethanethiol. Now the next one is Primary Amine, Secondary Amine and Tertiary Amine. So what is the difference between all of these?
Primary Amine has only one alkyl group. Secondary Amine has two alkyl groups. And Tertiary Amine has 3 alkyl groups.
Now let's do their nomenclature step by step. Primary amine look like this. And we use suffix amine for it. So CS3, CS2, NS2. Look at this compound.
2 carbon, single bond and primary amine. So we will write this compound as ethane amine. Next is secondary amine.
In secondary amine, there are around 2 alkyl groups of nitrogen. So its name is written in this form. Analkyled alkene amine.
Let's understand it with this compound. Its name is written in this form. Analkylalkenamine.
Let's understand it with this compound. There are two parts in this compound. First one is main chain and other is side chain. Main chain is the one which has the most carbon.
So, main chain will be this. And this will be written as alkanamine. Now the second alkyl group which is left, that will be treated as a side chain. And for that we will write analkyl.
So now in this compound, Main chain has two carbons and amine. So we will write it as Ethenamine. Side chain has only one carbon.
So we will write it as N-Methyl. So the name of this compound will be N-Methyl Ethenamine. Now, the case of tertiary compounds.
It is very similar to secondary amine. We will write it like this. N-Alkyl N-Alkyl Alkenamine.
Secondary amine has only one side chain. But tertiary amine has two side chains. That's the difference.
Baki sab So again, we will make the main chain first. So the 3 carbon alkyl is the longest chain. So that will be our main chain.
So CS3, CS2, CS2N is our main chain. We will call it propanamine. CS3 and CS3, CS2 are side chains.
We will name them as N-methyl and N-ethyl. Now because ethyl starts with E and methyl starts with M, so we will write it in alphabetic order. Ethyl-1 methyl later. So the name of the compound is anethyl-anmethylpropanamine. Now last functional group, anhydride.
Let's name this compound. So first of all count the number of carbon on both sides. On the first side there are three carbons and on the other side there are two carbons. So it will be named as ethanoic-propanoic-anhydride. And as usual, we have also taken care of the alphabetic order.
So you must have seen this format. Now let's come to the next example. Now there are three carbons on both sides. But we will not write it as propanoic, propanoic anhydride. We will simply write it as propanoic anhydride.
Now it is time for secondary prefix. Let's see the complete list of secondary prefix. For whom secondary prefix is used? For side chains and substituents.
So in this list, we will discuss side chains. or substituents ke baare mein. So first one is alkyl group R. So kyunki humne abhi kuch hi der pehle kiya hai. So we will not go in details again.
It is written as methyl, ethyl, propyl. So I hope you understand the pattern. Now the next one is RO.
This is called alkoxy. So alkoxy is named like this. CS3O. This is called methoxy. Next one is called ethoxy.
And this one is called Proof Boxing. I hope you get this pattern. Now let's move to halogen. Fluorine, Chlorine, Bromine, Iodine.
We use fluoro, chloro, bromo, iodo. as a prefix for them. There are some more side chains like venile, allyl, isopropyl, isobutyl, secbutyl, tertbutyl. We will use these side chains in this video as well. Now the next stage is nomenclature.
Now it's time for rules of nomenclature. So we will divide it into three parts. Main chain selection rules, numbering rules and naming rules.
So let's start with main chain selection rule. So the first rule is the longest chain rule. That means, whatever main chain we have, that must be the longest chain. So let's see this compound.
In this compound, we can make chains like this and like this. But ultimately, which chain has the most carbons? Obviously, the second one. So the second one is right and the first one is wrong.
So these five carbon chains will be the main chain and the rest are side chains. So this one was a bit obvious. But in case you get a chain like this, then there can be a bit of confusion here.
You can select main chain like this. But this won't be correct. We have to select the longest chain. So this is the longest chain. In the previous chain, there were only 5 carbons.
But in this one, there are total 7 carbons. So this is the longest chain. And the rest will become side chain.
Now let's move ahead. How to select main chain when there is double bond, triple bond or any functional group in the compound. Now in this case, this can be the longest chain.
So this chain should be considered main chain. But this is not the case. Because this compound also has double bond.
So we must include that in the main chain. So even if main chain is not longest chain, but it must include double bond. So this is the correct main chain and rest of them are side chain.
Same rule will apply even when there is a triple bond or functional group in the compound. Let's see this compound. This can be the longest chain.
But as we know, there should be functional group and multiple bonds in the main chain. So this is the correct main chain. So having all this done, you know how to select main chain.
Now look at this compound. This should be the longest chain. But if you make it like this, then it is also becoming the longest chain. Both have 6 6 carbons.
Now, who do we consider as the main chain? So, whenever we have this kind of conflict, then count number of side chains. The one who has the most side chains, that is the main chain. In the first one, there are two side chains. And in the second one, there is only one side chain.
So, according to this, the first chain is the main chain. And we will consider this as correct. Second step, numbering.
So the first rule is the lowest locant rule. Locant is the name that we know. Locant is location.
Here, the locant tells us the location of side chains, substituents, functional groups, double bonds, triple bonds. These locants should be lowest. Only then we will consider numbering correct. Now look at this example.
This is our main chain and a side chain is attached to it. We have to do numbering like this. that methyl has got lowest locate. So let's do the numbering from left to right. In this case, methyl came in second position.
Now number this chain in reverse order. In this case, methyl came in fourth position. CS3 is getting lowest number when we numbered it from left to right. So this is the correct way of numbering this chain.
So in this case, there was only one side chain. Now let's see this case. Obviously, this is the main chain.
Now let's start numbering. If we number it like this, then the lock-end of both the side chains will be 2. And the lock-end of the third side chain will be 5. So in this case, the lock-ends are 2, 2, 5. Now number it in reverse order like this. Now look at the lock-end.
The first side chain is on 2. and the other two side chains are on 5. So its locants will be 2, 5, 5. So how do we decide which numbering is correct in this case? So first of all, we have to see the first locant. If the first locant is same in both cases, compare the second locant. And if the second locant is same in both cases, then compare the third locant.
So look at this example. The first locant is same in both cases. Both of them are getting Locant 2. Now move to the next one.
In the first case, Locant is 2. And in the second case, Locant is 5. So obviously, first one is getting the lowest locant. 2,2,5 is the lowest locant. So the first numbering is correct.
And this is called lowest locant set rule. Now let's move on to the next example. If multiple bonds or function groups are applied in the compound, then they should get the lowest locant.
In this structure, double bond should get the lowest locant. We are giving priority to double bond instead of side chain. So we are going to number it like this. Double bond gets second locant and methyl gets fourth locant.
Now let's move on to the next example. This compound has a double bond and a triple bond. Here we will use lowest locant set rule. We have to do numbering in such a way that both of them get lowest locant.
So you must have got the idea of where to do numbering by looking at the compound. Do the numbering from the left. Now let's do next example.
This also has a double bond and a triple bond. To understand what is special in this, you have to do numbering. Now after numbering, write its logins.
As you can see, in the first case also the logins are 1,4 and in the second case also the logins are 1,4. So whether you do numbering from left or from right, you are getting the same set of logins. So this case is called equivalent numbering.
Because both the numbering are looking the same but they are different. In the first case, Locant 1 is going to double bond and in the second case, Locant 4 is going to double bond. So both are different.
Now here comes a new rule. While doing numbering, double bond and triple bond have higher priority. So we will give lowest Locant to the double bond. So the first numbering in which double bond got first Locant.
and the fourth to the triple bond, that numbering is correct. I will like to bring your attention to the previous example. In this example, we followed the lowest-locant rule. And here, the triple bond got the lowest-locant.
This happened because the lowest-locant rule is more important than any other rule. Now look at this example. Here, we have not violated the lowest-locant rule. Here, we had a choice.
That's why we gave double bond as lowest locant. But if we don't have a choice, then simply follow the lowest locant rule. Now look at this compound. Here we have double bond and function group. Among function group and double bond, the priority of function group is more.
So we have to do numbering in such a way that function group gets lowest locant. So look at this compound. We have to do numbering in this from right. Only then alcohol will get the lowest locant.
So this is the correct numbering. Chain Terminating Functional Group. CHO, COOH, COOR, CN, CONS2, COCL. These groups are called Chain Terminating Functional Group.
Terminating means ending point. These functional groups are located at the ending points of the main chain. That's why it's called Chain Terminating Functional Group.
Look at this compound. First of all, we have to select the main chain. This is the longest chain but it's not main chain.
Main chain mein humara function group bhi aana chahiye. Ab COOH ko dekho, it is at the end point of this chain. So I hope you get the point of terminating group.
Ab baari hai numbering ki. Numbering humesha terminating group ke carbon se hi shuru hoti hai. So it will be numbered from carbon of COOH.
So this is the correct way of numbering. So the numbering rules are done. We have done two parts of the IUPAC rule. Main chain selection and numbering.
Now the next part is naming rules. Now it's time for naming. So let's start with this example.
Let's select main chain and do the numbering first. So first of all let's write side chain and then main chain. This compound has two side chains. Methyl and Ethyl. Now first of all let's write Ethyl.
or methyl so here we have to write the alphabetic order rule all our side chains and substituents we will write them in alphabetic order methyl starts with M and ethyl starts with E E comes first and then M so this means we will write ethyl first and then methyl so we will write it 3 ethyl 2 methyl now it's time for main chain main chain has 6 carbons and all the bonds are single so this is called hexane so first of all we will write side chains and then main chain So the name of this compound is 3-ethyl 2-methyl hexane. Now next compound. So first of all select the main chain and do numbering.
Whatever is left other than the main chain, that are side chains. So here we have two side chains and both of them are the same. We have two methyl groups.
So will we write 2-methyl 2-methyl? No. Whenever side chains are repeated, we use die, tri, tetra for them. If two side chains are repeated, we add die. If three side chains are repeated, we use tri.
And tetra for four. So in this case, the methyl is repeated twice. So we will add die.
So it's dimethyl. The correct way of writing this side chain is 2,2 dimethyl. Now we have to write main chain. Since there are 4 carbons in the main chain, we will write butane.
So the name of this compound is 2,2-dimethyl butane. Look at this compound. Let's do its naming quickly. First of all, select the main chain and do the numbering. Since the methyl has been repeated 3 times, we will use trimethyl.
So we will write 2,2,4-trimethyl. There are 5 carbons, so pentane. Now look at this compound.
First select its main chain. This compound has a methyl and an ethyl. Now how to number it?
If you do numbering like this, then methyl will come in 3rd position and ethyl will come in 4th position. Now do numbering in reverse order. This time ethyl got 3rd lock end and methyl got 4th lock end. So either you do numbering from left or from right.
we are getting the same locant. So now we have a choice, whether we give the third locant to methyl or give the third locant to ethyl. So in this case, we will give the lowest locant to the one that comes first alphabetically.
So from ethyl and methyl, ethyl comes first. That means ethyl should get the lowest locant. So the third locant should go to ethyl. So obviously, the second numbering is correct. So the name of this compound will be 3. Italian 4-methyl.
Now because there are 6 carbons in the main chain, so we will write it hexane. But keep in mind that the priority of lowest locant rule and alphabetic order is higher. In this case, we gave ethyl as lowest locant because we had a choice.
But if we don't have such a choice, then we will give priority to lowest locant rule. But don't violate lowest locant rule for alphabetic order. Now look at this compound. So first of all select the main chain and do the numbering. In this case, we have two methyl groups and one ethyl group.
So what is special about this question? So let's do it and observe it. Here we have two methyl groups, so we will use dimethyl and the other side chain is ethyl.
Now which of dimethyl and ethyl comes first alphabetically? You can say that dimethyl starts with D and ethyl starts with E. So this means that dimethyl should come first and ethyl later. But this is not the case. Ethyl will come first and dimethyl will come later.
This is because when we look at the alphabetic order, we do not consider di, tri and tetra. Here in dimethyl, we will not consider the first letter D but M. So for this reason, ethyl came first and dimethyl came later.
So, for this reason, we will write it as 3 ethyl 2,5. dimethyl and because there are 6 carbons in the main chain so it will be written hexane so this is 3 ethyl 2,5 dimethyl hexane now let's talk about multiple bonds so you know that for single bond we use ane for double bond we use ene for triple bond we use ane so in this compound there are 4 carbons and a triple bond for 4 carbons we use but for triple bond we use ane So it should be Bute plus I. And it is important to tell the location of triple bond.
So let's do the numbering. So the triple bond came at the second locant. So we will call this compound Bute to I. Now next compound. This compound has two double bonds.
So like we used to use Di, Tri, Tetra for side chains. So here also we will use Di, Tri, Tetra. This time we will not use In for double bond but Di, In. and if there are 3 double bonds, then we use try in so first of all, let's do its numbering after numbering One double bond is coming in the first position and the other double bond is coming in the third position.
So we will write bute plus 1 comma 3 diene. So in this case, diene is our primary suffix. And whenever our primary suffix starts with a consonant, then we have to add an a at the end of the word root. Because diene starts with d, which is a consonant, so we have to add an a at the end of bute. So the name of this compound is buta.
1,3 tie in. Now this compound. This compound has double bond and triple bond.
So first of all we have to do its numbering. So we know that who will we give priority to? Double bond. So start numbering from left to right.
So this is numbering. Now it's time for naming. So the way to write name is word root plus primary suffix plus secondary suffix.
Now this compound can be written in two ways. as a derivative of alkene and as a derivative of alkyne. If we write it in the form of derivative of alkene, then it will be in the position of the primary suffix, and in the position of the secondary suffix.
And if we write it in the form of derivative of alkene, then it will be in the position of the primary suffix, and in the position of the secondary suffix. So now we have to decide whether we write it in the form of derivative of alkene or in the form of derivative of alkene. Whenever there is a double or triple bond in a compound, we will write it in the form of an alkyne derivative.
That means, the position of our primary suffix will be in and the position of our secondary suffix will be in. And because there are 5 carbons, we will use bent and then we will write in and then we will write in. After numbering, double bond came in the first position and triple bond came in the fourth position.
So it will be written as pent 1 in. 4-Ine Till now we have done sidechains like this Methyl, Ethyl, Propyl But apart from these, there are many other sidechains So let's see some other type of sidechains So look at this one It has one carbon And double bond on linking side So we call normal one as Methyl But here there is double bond on linking side So we will call it Methyl-Ine Now look at this compound If it was normal, we would have written it as Ethyl-Ine But here, ethene has a linking site. So it will be called ethinyl.
And we also call it vinyl. So you can use any of these two. We call it ethine.
Now if a linking site is installed on it, then what will it become? Ethi-nyl. If this is methylene, then what will we call it? Ethylene. But ethylene is the common name of ethene.
So we won't call it ethylene. This is called Ethylidine. This is not the exact reason but you can remember it this way. Now it's time to use these side chains.
Let's do this example. This compound has two double bonds and one triple bond. So the first thing is the main chain selection. Main chain should be longest and it should have maximum double and triple bonds.
So you can notice here that both double bonds and triple bonds cannot come at the same time in our main chain. But because we have to select the longest chain and our longest chain should have maximum double or triple bonds, so this should be the main chain. So the side chain that came here, this is a special type of side chain, whose naming we have just done.
Now let's do the numbering. Simply follow the lowest-low control. So this is the numbering.
So first of all we will write side chain. So we have just discussed side chain. This side chain is called ethinyl.
So we will write side chain as 4-ethanyl. Now the name of main chain. There are 7 carbons in main chain, 1 double bond and 1 triple bond.
So it will be named as a derivative of alkyne. So its name will be hapt-1-ene-5-yne. So the name of this compound is 4-ethanyl-hapt-1-ene-5-yne.
Now functional groups. So let's start with this one. So the first thing to do is to select main chain. So you know that our main chain should be longest.
and there should be a terminating function group in it. So this is the correct main chain. And now the rest are side chains.
Now it's time for numbering. So there is no confusion in numbering. Numbering will start with carbon of terminating group.
So let's do the numbering. So this will be numbering. On the second locand, there is one ethyl and one methyl.
So we will write it as 2 ethyl 2 methyl. And there are 4 carbons and aldehyde in the main chain. So we will write it Butanen.
So the name of this compound is 2-ethyl- 2-methylbutan-L. Now look at this compound. This compound has a function group B and a double bond B.
So in our main chain, double bond and function group should come together. So this is the correct main chain. And the remaining is the side chain. Now it's time for numbering. We have to do numbering with the carbon which is very close to alcohol.
So this carbon is close to alcohol. So we will start numbering from here. So let's do the numbering. Here our side chain is Ethyl, it is coming at 3rd position. So we will write 3 Ethyl.
In our main chain, there are 4 carbons, a double bond and a functional group. So we will write But plus In plus Ol. And because double bond is at 3rd position, so we will use 3 In.
And here it is at the first position of the alcohol functional group. So we will write 1 Ol. As you know that you can omit 1. So you can write it as 3-ethyl but-3-enol. Now the last compound is this one. It contains alcohol twice.
And because alcohol is repeated here, we have to add di-tribe-tetra here as well. If there was one alcohol, we would have used ol. But because there are two alcohols here, we will use di-ol.
So first of all, do the numbering of it. So two alcohols came in the first and second position. So we will write 1,2 diol. Our chain has 3 carbons and single bonds.
So we will use prop and ane. So this compound is written as propane 1,2 diol. Now here you can notice that we did not remove e from ane. Why? Because diol starts with d.
And d is consonant. Now it's time for complex chains. Till now we did normal side chains. But now Look at these side chains.
Look at this one. Here, there is a side chain on the side chain. Look at this one.
Here, there is a substituent on the side chain. And look at this one. Here, there is a functional group on the side chain.
And look at this one. Here, there is a double bond on the side chain. So these side chains are not normal side chains. These are called complex side chains. So in this section, we will learn naming of complex chain.
In these compounds, we have to do naming twice. First of all, naming of complex chain and then naming of entire compound. So let's do some example and understand it. So start with this one. So the first thing is to select the main chain.
So this is going to be the main chain. And this time the side chain is a complex chain. So first of all, we have to name the complex chain. So the same rules will apply on this too.
which are for normal organic compounds. So let's start its naming. So the first thing to do is to select a main chain in this complex chain. So the first rule is that the main chain should start from the linking side.
And it should be the longest chain. So according to this, this is our main chain. And the rest are side chains.
So here we have two side chains. Now it's time for numbering. In complex chain, numbering always starts from linking side. So, don't think too much here.
Number 1 goes to this carbon which is connected to linking side. Now, it's turn to naming. First, we will write side chain then main chain.
Here, there are 2 methyl at first locant. So, for them, we will write 1,1 dimethyl. Now, let's name main chain.
Main chain has 2 carbons. So for this we will use ith And because it is a side chain, we will use i as suffix for it So its name will be ethyl So the name of this complex chain is 1,1 dimethyl ethyl Now next rule Complex chains are always written inside a bracket So put a bracket around it So in this way we have done naming of complex chain Now it is time to name the entire compound So the first thing is numbering and for numbering, we will follow lowest lock end rule so this is numbering so complex chain came on 4th lock end so first of all, we will write complex chain 4, 1,1 dimethyl ethyl now we will write main chain now here there is 7 carbon on main chain so we will use haptane for this so the name of this compound is 4, 1,1 dimethyl ethyl haptane now next example There is nothing different in this compound. This time, there are two complex chains in the compound.
And both the complex chains are the same. So you must remember what we used for normal side chains. For example, we used to write dimethyl for 2-methyl, trimethyl for 3-methyl.
But in the case of complex chain, we don't use di-tri. We use different prefixes for them. For 2, we use bis, for 3, we use tris, for 4, we use tetrakis, and for 5, we use pentakis.
Because complex chain has been repeated twice, so we will use bis for this. So we don't need to name this complex chain. It is exactly the same one that we named in the previous example.
So we call it 1,1-dimethyl ethyl. And because complex chain is repeated twice, so we will add bis. So it is bis-1,1-dimethyl ethyl.
Because both complex chains are on 4th log n, so we will write 4,4-bis-1,1-dimethyl ethyl. because there are 7 carbons in the main chain. So we will write haptane. So this compound is 4,4-bis-1,1-dimethyl ethyl haptane. Now name this compound.
This question also has the same complex chain. So let's see what is special about this. We have a complex chain and a normal side chain. Complex chain's name is dimethyl ethyl and side chain's name is ethyl. Now the question is, who will come first alphabetically?
So you will remember that we will take dimethyl and ethyl. We used to write Ethyl first and then Dimethyl later. Because we didn't consider Dytri-tetra.
So if we had written Dimethyl and Ethyl, we wouldn't have considered D and M from Dye. So Ethyl would have come first and Dimethyl later. So we used to do this for normal side chains. But in the case of complex chains, we consider Dytri-tetra. We will consider Dimethyl as D and Ethyl as E.
So this means that dimethyl will come first and ethyl later. Now it's time for numbering. So there are two cases possible in this. Its numbering can be done in two ways.
This compound can be numbered from left or right. Locants will come same. But we have to give lowest locant to that which comes alphabetically first. Because our complex chain dimethyl ethyl and ethyl will come first.
So the fourth locant should go to dimethyl ethyl. So this is the correct numbering. So the name of this compound is 4 1,1 dimethyl ethyl 6 ethyl. And because I have made 9 cars in this chain, so it's nonane.
So this was a complex chain. We have completed all of its rules using these three examples. Now let's talk about polyfunction groups. Poly means many. So polyfunction group means many function group.
Now we will do naming of such compounds, in which 2-3 different types of function groups are used on one organic compound. So how to do naming in that case? We will follow a priority table for it.
The priority table which is at higher level, its priority is higher. And the priority of the function group which is higher, we call it primary function group. And the priority of the function group which is low, Usse hum is considered as secondary function group. So let's do an example and understand this concept. In this compound, alcohol and carboxylic are both present.
We will do priority table later, but now keep in mind that among carboxylic and alcohol, carboxylic has more priority. So COH is primary function group and alcohol is secondary function group. Primary function group will come in main chain.
So this is our main chain and secondary function group we will treat it like side chains and substituents. For secondary functional group, we use prefix, alcohol. For this, we use suffix, old. But here we will not use suffix, here we will use prefix.
Because alcohol is secondary functional group. So now just remember this, because alcohol is secondary functional group, so for this we will use prefix. And that prefix we call as hydroxy. And for primary functional group, we use normal suffix only. Means for COH, we will use normal oic acid suffix.
Nothing different. So first of all, we will name this main chain. Main chain has 5 carbons and 1 COH. So we will call it as pentanoic acid.
Now let's do numbering. We will start numbering with COH because it is a terminating group. So this is numbering.
OH is at 5th position. And this time, what we have to use for OH? Prefix Hydroxy. So, we will write it as 5-Hydroxy.
Now after prefix we have to write main chain. And main chain is our pentanoic acid. So this compound is 5-hydroxy pentanoic acid.
Now let's see priority table. Now there is a systematic way to learn priority table. So let's learn it in a systematic way.
In priority table, first comes carboxylic acid. And after carboxylic, priority is of carboxylic derivatives. So which are carboxylic derivatives?
COR, COCL, CONH2. All of these are made from carboxylic acid. That's why it's called carboxylic derivative. So first one is ester, second is acetyl chloride, third is acetamide. We had already named all of these.
We know what suffix to use for them. But in this section, we are going to see what prefix to use for them. So after this comes function group with triple bonds.
So in this list, we have Cyanides and Isocyanides. So cyanide is written as C triple bond N, Isocyanide is written as N triple bond C. Next comes the functional groups with double bond. So in this list, we have CHO and CO, Aldehyde and Ketone.
And last is the functional group with single bond. So in this we have OH, SH, NH2, NHR, NR2. Alcohol, Thio alcohol, Amine, Secondary amine, So this is how you can remember priority table.
First of all, Carboxylic, then Carboxylic derivative, then triple bond groups, then double bond groups, then single bond groups. So what should be their new name as a prefix? For example, we used hydroxy for alcohol.
What will we use for these groups? First of all, Carboxylic. For Carboxylic, we will use Carboxy. Next is ester.
For this, we will use Alkoxycarbonate. If you divide COR into two parts, then we have OR and CO. OR part is called Alkoxy and CO part is called Carbonyl.
Now next is COCl. It is chlorocarbonyl. So how to remember this? It also has two parts, Cl and Co. Cl for Chloro and Co for Carbonyl.
So we will call it chlorocarbonyl. Now next is CONH2 Acetamide. And for this we use carbamoyl.
Next is cyanide, for this we will use the prefix cyano. It's easy to remember because the functional group is called cyanide. So, cyano comes after that.
Next is isocyanide, for isocyanide we use the prefix isocino. Next is aldehyde, for aldehyde we use formaldehyde. Next is ketone, for ketone we use oxo or keto.
Next is OH, for this we use hydroxy. Next is SH. For SH we use Sulfenyl NS2 Amine For Amine we use Amino NHR For this we use Alkyl Amino Then comes NR2 And for this we use Dialkyl Amino These were the function groups Which we can use as a prefix And can be used as a suffix But there are some function groups Which are always treated as a substituent First is OR That is Alkoxy Then comes SR It is alkyl thiol.
Then F, Cl, Br and I. For these we use fluoro, chloro, bromo, ido. Then comes NO2. For this we use nitro.
And we use azido prefix for this one and diazo prefix for this one. Having it all done, let's do two examples. So in this compound there are two functional groups ketone and carboxylic acid.
According to priority order, COH lies above CO. That means, Carboxylic acid is our main functional group and ketone is our secondary functional group. So, we will use oxo-prefix for ketone.
Now, let's do the numbering. You must have known about numbering. We have to start numbering with carbon of carboxylic acid because it is terminating group.
So, let's do the numbering. So, this is the numbering. And where did ketone come?
Ketone came at the third position. So, the name is 3-oxo. And because there are 5 carbons in the main chain and it is carboxylic, so it is pentanoic acid.
So it is 3-oxo-pentanoic acid. Now second example. Look at this compound. It has a total of 4 functional groups. So let's write them in order of their priority.
First comes CuNs2, acid amide. After that, Co, ketone. Then OH, alcohol. And then Ns2, amine. So, in the priority table, first comes CONS2.
So, it is our primary function group. So, for CONS2, we will use the normal suffix only and that is AMIDE. But for the remaining three, we will use oxo for CO, hydroxy for OH and amino for NS2. Now it's time for numbering.
It's simple, we have to do numbering with CO and S2 because CO and S2 is a terminating group. So let's do the numbering. So oxo got 4th locant, hydroxy got 3rd locant and amino got 2nd locant. Now it's time for naming. So for naming, just follow the alphabetical order.
So alphabetically, first comes amino, then comes hydroxy, and last comes oxo. So it's 2-amino-3-hydroxy-4-oxo. And our main chain has 5 carbons and acid amide.
So for this, we'll use pentanamide. So we'll call it 2-amino-3-hydroxy-4-oxo-pentanamide. Now it's time for cyclic compounds.
Now it's time for cyclic compounds. So let's do cyclic compounds in more details. So first of all, we will do the naming of these two compounds.
Now let's name these two compounds. First of all, this compound is looking like a square. But it is not a square, it is a cyclic compound. Every corner of it represents a carbon.
There are total four corners here, which means there are total four carbons here. So for the four carbons, we use butane. But because this time it is a cyclic structure, So this is called as cyclobutane. The second one is also a cyclic structure. It has 6 carbons and a double bond.
So first we will write cyclo, then hex and then ene. Because here there is a double bond. So this is called as cyclohexene. So this was the basic thing.
Now we will do some examples and each example will tell us about a new rule. Look at this compound. This compound also has a cyclic ring. and open chain too.
So what will be the name of this compound? The first thing to do is to decide which part is main and which part is side. For this, we will count number of carbons on cyclic ring and open chain. The one who has more carbon that is principal part.
Here on cyclic ring, there are 6 carbons and in open chain, there are 4 carbons. So obviously, cyclic ring is principal part and open chain is side chain. Since cyclic is the principal part, its name should be like a normal cyclic compound. Cyclic has a total of 6 carbons. So we will write it as cyclohexane.
Now it's time for side chain. Our side chain has 4 carbons. So its name is butyl. Now it's time for numbering. Since cyclic is the principal part, we will number on cyclic's carbons.
And simply follow the lowest loken tool. So here we will start numbering with butyl. So butyl gets locant 1. So finally we will write this compound as 1-butyl-cyclohexane. Now next example. Here there are 6 carbons on cyclic ring and 6 carbons on open chain.
Both have equal carbons. So in this case, who is considered as the principal chain? In such case, we give priority to cyclic ring.
So same like last one. This time also, the cyclic ring is the principal part and the open chain is the side chain. So, the naming of this compound will be like the previous example.
So, it's going to be 1-hexyl cyclohexane. Now, next case. This time, there is less carbon in the cyclic and more in the open chain.
There are 3 carbons in the cyclic and 4 carbons in the open chain. So, in this case, the open chain is the principal chain and the cyclic part is the substituent. In normal condition, This cyclic compound is called cyclopropane. But this time since it is a substituent, so this time we will write it as cyclopropyl. And this time the numbering will be on open chain.
Because cyclopropyl is at locant 1, so we will write it 1 cyclopropyl. And since there are total 4 carbons in the main chain, so we will call it butane. So its IUPAC name is 1 cyclopropyl butane.
Next compound. This compound has an open chain and two cyclic rings. In such a case, no matter how big the cyclic ring is, we will consider the open chain as the principal part.
In this case, there are only two carbons in the open chain and three carbons in the cyclic ring. But since the cyclic ring is more than one, in this case, we will consider the open chain as the principal chain and the cyclic ring as the substituent. There are three carbons in the cyclic ring, so we will write it as cyclo.
Now let's talk about numbering. Here, there are two cyclopropyls in the first and second position. So ultimately it will be written as 1,2 dicyclopropyl.
And there are 2 carbons in the open chain, so it's ethane. So this compound is 1,2 dicyclopropyl ethane. Now next example.
Now let's see the power of multiple bonds. This compound has a double bond. Here there are 3 carbons in the cyclic ring and 3 carbons in the open chain. In the normal case, the cyclic ring is considered as the principal part.
But in this case, there is a double bond. The part where the double bond is present, it will increase the priority. Even though here, the cyclic is considered the principal part, but because a double bond is placed in the open chain, then we will consider the open chain as the principal part. And the cyclic part as just a substituent.
So let's do the numbering. During numbering, double bond is more important than substituent. So we will start the numbering from the right side.
So this is the correct numbering. Here, we will call cyclic ring as cyclopropyl and since it is at the third position, so we will write it as 3-cyclopropyl. There are 3 carbons in the open chain and a double bond too.
So we will write it as prop-1-ene. So the name of this compound is 3-cyclopropyl-prop-1-ene. Next example, in this case, open chain is bigger than cyclic chain. There are 4 carbons in open chain and 3 carbons in cyclic ring.
But since we have used double bond on cyclic ring, so cyclic ring is the principal part. Now let's do its numbering. The numbering of this compound will start with double bond. So let's do the numbering. Side chain is on third locant and double bond is on first.
And side chain has four carbons. So it is called 3-butyl. There are three carbons in cyclic ring and one double bond too.
So we will write it cycloprop-1-ene. So the name of this compound is 3-butyl cycloprop-1-ene. Conclusion is that in cyclic structures, multiple bonds are more important than longest chain. And functional group is more important than multiple bonds.
So let's see a compound which has functional group. Let's see this example. Open chain has 3 carbons and cyclic ring has 5 carbons. But this time, functional group is used on open chain and double bond is used on cyclic ring. We know which one is more important.
It's functional group. So this time we will consider open chain as principal chain. Because it has functional group with it.
Now let's come to numbering. So we have to do numbering in such a way that functional group gets lowest lock-end. So let's do the numbering. Now first of all let's do naming of principal part. It has 3 carbons and 1 alcohol.
So you can write it propanol. In this case cyclic ring. Interesting part hai. This cyclic ring will be treated like a complex chain. Toh isme complex chain wale rules lagenge.
Toh sabse pehla kaam hai numbering. Numbering linking side se shuru karni hai. Because it is a complex chain.
So let's do the numbering. So double bond IR is at 3rd position. So let's write its name step by step.
First of all, cyclo, cause it's cyclic compound. There are 5 carbons, so use pent. And since it is a double bond on the third position, so use 3-in. And since it is a side chain, so we will use the suffix "-ile". So it will be named as cyclo-pent-3-in-ile.
And since it is a complex chain, so we will write it in brackets. And this cyclic ring is on the second position on the principal chain. So this is written as 2-cyclo-pent-3-in. And after that, write its principal chain propanol. So this compound is 2-cyclopent-3-ene-1-yl-propanol.
Functional groups on cyclic ring. I am showing you 6 cyclic rings with functional group. Inme se pehle 3 woh hai, jinme functional group cyclic ring ka part hai.
Alcohol, Ketone or Nitro. All of them are considered as a part of cyclic ring. But last 3 with Cyanide, Aldehyde, Carboxylic, they are not considered part of cyclic ring. Because their carbons are outside the cyclic ring. So what will be the difference in naming?
We will not use nitrile for cyanide, al for aldehyde, and oic acid for carboxylic acid. We will use new suffix for them. But the first category, its naming will be normal.
So the first one is called cyclobutanol. For alcohol, we are using the old one here too. And we use the old one anyway. Next one is called cyclopentenol.
Now here we are using O for ketone and anyway we use only O. Last one is Nitrocyclobutane. Nitro is used as a prefix and here also we are using it as a prefix.
Nothing changed. Now let's move to the second category. We need new suffix for them.
So let's see this list. This is their new suffix. And along with this is their prefix list. Prefix hasn't changed at all. But suffix has changed.
So let's understand it by implementing. First example, it has three carbons, a cyclic structure and a cyanide group. For this, we will use a new suffix, carbo-nitrile.
So the name of this compound will be cyclopropane-carbonitrile. In the next one, there are five carbons, a cyclic structure and an aldehyde group. For aldehyde, there is a new suffix, carbaldehyde. So its name should be cyclopentane, carbaldehyde. Last one is cyclic structure, it has 6 carbons and carboxylic acid.
For carboxylic, new suffix is carboxylic acid. So the name of this compound is cyclohexane carboxylic acid. This is new suffix. You have to use this when main function group is not in main ring. Only then you have to use this suffix.
Now look at this compound. In this, ketone, carboxylic and aldehyde. According to priority, COH comes first, then CHO, and then CO.
So COOH, Carboxylic Acid, is the main function group. And the other two are secondary. So here we will use prefix for aldehyde and ketone.
For aldehyde, the prefix is formyl and for ketone, it is oxo. As you can see, there is no difference in prefix. We normally use oxo and formyl for them. and here also so here is total 6 carbon and along with that is carboxylic acid so for this we will use cyclohexane carboxylic acid now it's time for numbering let's start numbering from carbon linked with CuH now we have two options either we do numbering clockwise or anticlockwise if you do numbering clockwise you will get 2 formyl 6 oxo And if you do its numbering anti-clockwise, you will get 2oxo 6 formyl. So in both cases, the locants are the same, 2,6.
But we have to choose one of these two. In this case, we will see which one comes first alphabetically. From formyl and oxo, formyl comes first.
So second locant should go to formyl and 6 should go to oxo. So the first numbering is correct. So write it before main chain's name.
So the name of this compound is 2-formyl-6-oxo-cyclohexane-carboxylic acid. Aromatic compound. So the first aromatic compound is benzene. So this is benzene.
Benzene is a cyclic structure in which double bonds are alternately attached. And these double bonds continuously change their position. You can draw it like this too. If you expand this structure, it will look like this.
Its naming is like a cyclic compound. I am not going to go into specifics. But you will write it as Cyclohex 1,3,5-Dryene.
But you will notice that we mostly use benzene for this compound. We don't use Cyclohex 1,3,5-Dryene. Now let's move forward.
Now we are going to name these types of compounds. These are called benzene derivatives. First of all, Methyl On Benzene This is called Methyl Benzene Another name for this compound is Toluene Benzene with two Methyls There are three possibilities in this compound Methyl group can be attached together A carbon can be attached separately Or they can be completely opposite to each other So first of all, do the numbering of these three So this is the numbering Now in this compound First of all, we have to write side chains and then benzene.
So, in the first one, there are two methyl groups in the first and second position. So, it will be called 1,2-dimethyl. Now write benzene. So, it's 1,2-dimethylbenzene.
Similarly, we will name the second one. It will be called 1,3-dimethylbenzene. And we will call the third one 1,4-dimethylbenzene. When two side chains are adjacent to each other like this, then we call it ortho positioning. When side chains lies after a gap like this, We call it Meta.
And when side chains are in totally opposite directions, we call it Para. Dimethylbenzene is also called Xylene. In the first one, the side chain is ortho-positioned.
So it's Ortho-Xylene. Similarly, the second one is called Meta-Xylene. And the third one is called Para-Xylene. Next one, what will we call benzene if it becomes a Substituent? In this case, we will call it phenyl instead of benzene.
So this is phenyl. Now look at these three structures. We are going to use them a lot. This is methylbenzene with one linking site on methyl. We call this structure as benzyl.
Now comes this structure. On which there are two linking sites on methyl. We call this structure as benzyl. And in this one, there are three linking sites. We call this as benzo.
Now let's use them. Look at these three structures. Here, there are benzyl, benzyl and benzo.
And on their linking side, there are chlorides. So the first one is called benzyl chloride. Next one is called benzyl dichloride. And the third one is called benzo trichloride.
So it's very simple. Now let's do more benzene derivatives. So this one is benzene with alcohol.
This is called phenol. So this one is benzene with methoxy. And this is called methoxybenzene.
And its second popular name is anisole. Now, after this comes the combination of benzene and aldehyde. This is called benzaldehyde. This one with COCH3. This is called acetophenone.
So, basically, what is this? This is ketone with methyl on one side and benzene on other. Methyl and ketone will make the main chain and benzene will make the substituent. So, we will write the part of benzene as phenyl. And next is CS3CO part.
This is called Ethanone. So, we will name it in a normal way. So, we will call it 1-Phenyl-Ethane-1-One. Next compound.
It's obvious. It's Nitro-Benzene. This one with Amine Group 1 Benzene. It's called Aniline.
Benzene with COH, it's Benzoic Acid. Benzene with Acid Chloride, It's called benzoyl chloride. We use oil chloride for acid chloride. So that's why it's benzoyl chloride. Benzene with C1H2, amide group.
So it's called benzinamide. Benzene with SO3H, sulfonic acid. So it's called benzene sulfonic acid.
Now the last one, benzene with cyanide. So it's called benzene carbonitrile. Now we will use these benzene derivatives In some examples, and then IUPAC nomenclature is completely done. First example.
In this example, nitrogen is used on nitrogen and carboxylic are both used. Nitrogen is a substituent here and carboxylic is a main function group here. So this is principal part of this compound.
So we will first write substituent then principal part. So benzene plus carboxylic, it's called benzoic acid. And because here nitrogen is a substituent, So we will write Nitro prefix for it. So it's Nitro Benzoic Acid. And for the position of Nitro, we will do numbering.
So we have to start numbering with the carbon on which Carboxylic is applied. So let's do the numbering. So Nitro came in second position.
So the name of this compound is 2-Nitro Benzoic Acid. Now let's do its naming. It has three groups.
Aldehyde, Alkoxy and Alcohol. Alkoxy is a substitute but which one will be the main one between aldehyde and alcohol? Aldehyde is grouped with double bond and alcohol is grouped with single bond. According to the priority table, aldehyde will come first and alcohol will come later. So our principal part was benzene with aldehyde.
So benzene plus aldehyde is called benzaldehyde. Now we have to do alcohol and alkoxy. And for these we will use prefix. Alkoxy will use methoxy and for alcohol will use hydroxy So let's find out their locants For numbering, we will follow lowest locant rule So do numbering in such a way that both substituents are taken on lowest locant So here we should do numbering clockwise So methoxy came on 3rd and hydroxy came on 4th Now write them in alphabetic order So first we will write 4-hydroxy and then methoxy And after that what will we write?
benzaldehyde. Now one more example, this compound has two parts, one part is benzene and the other part is open chain. Here, an open chain has a functional group, that is, bromine.
So, because of this, the open chain became the main chain and the benzene became the substituent. Now, it's time for numbering. For numbering, we will just follow the lowest locant rule. If we do numbering from left to right, then we will get lowest locant. So, this is the correct numbering.
So, first of all, let's write substituents. Since benzene is a substituent, we will use phenyl for it. Here, bromine is in a functional group. But for this we use a prefix and that is Bromo. So for this we will write 2 Bromo 1 Phenyl.
And because there are 4 carbons in the main chain, so we will use Butane. So this compound is 2 Bromo 1 Phenyl Butane. Now the last compound. Here one side is Benzene and the other side is Cyclohexane. Which will be the main and which will be the substituent in Benzene and Cyclohexane?
So in this case, We will consider benzene as the main and cyclohexane as the substituent. So we will call it cyclohexyl and benzene as normal benzene. So it will be called 1-cyclohexyl-benzene. If you have completed these school tuitions, then you would know that it takes at least 2-3 weeks to complete this chapter.
But we have completed this chapter within one and a half hours. So, congratulations, you have completed IUPSC nomenclature, which is also in just one and a half hours. Now, your job is to use these rules and practice as many questions as possible. So, this was IUPSC naming and you are watching Play Chemistry. Don't forget to like, subscribe and share.