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Introduction to Artificial Intelligence

Jul 11, 2024

Introduction to Artificial Intelligence

Lecturer: Vardan Garg

Key Concepts

Definition of AI

  • AI = Artificial + Intelligence.
  • Artificial: Created by humans, not natural.
  • Intelligence: Ability to perceive, infer information, retain knowledge, and adapt behavior.
  • Combining artificial and intelligence: Mimicking human intelligence artificially.

Traits of Human Intelligence

  1. Naturalistic Intelligence: Understanding natural elements, plants, and animals.
  2. Interpersonal Intelligence: Ability to interact and understand others' emotions and motives.
  3. Intrapersonal Intelligence: Self-awareness and understanding oneтАЩs own emotions.
  4. Musical Intelligence: Ability to recognize and create sound patterns and melodies.
  5. Logical-Mathematical Intelligence: Ability for logical reasoning and problem-solving in mathematics.
  6. Linguistic Intelligence: Proficiency in languages, both verbal and written.
  7. Spatial-Visual Intelligence: Ability to visualize and process images spatially.
  8. Kinesthetic Intelligence: Coordination and utilization of body movements.
  9. Existential Intelligence: Sensitivity to fundamental questions about human existence.

Application to Machines

  • Machines are designed to replicate these human traits to some extent.
  • Traits like perception and reasoning, recognizing speech, images, and making decisions are implemented using machines.

Key Capabilities Desired in AI Systems

  1. Interaction with Real-World: Machines should interact with real-world environments like speech recognition and image recognition.
  2. Reasoning and Planning: Ability for modeling external world inputs and solving new problems or making decisions.
  3. Learning and Adaptation: Continuously improve from data and experiences.

Examples of AI Application

  • Speech Recognition: Like Alexa or Siri recognizing and interpreting human speech.
  • Image Recognition: Systems that identify faces or objects from images.
  • Decision Making: Systems reasoning through provided information to draw conclusions.
  • Self-Learning: Refined their models based on new data, similar to how a baby learns.

Decision-Making in AI

  • Basis of Decision Making: Information, past experience, intuition, knowledge, and self-awareness.
  • Importance of Correct Information: Helps in visualizing outcomes and making informed decisions.
  • Comparison with Human Decision Making: AI's decisions are based on logical programming and large data sets.

Ethical and Practical Issues in AI

  • Moral Dilemmas: Example of a self-driving car needing to decide between hitting a pedestrian or causing harm to the passenger in the car.
  • Data Privacy: Concerns over how much data AI systems collect from user devices like smartphones.
  • Bias in AI: Decisions could reflect developers' biases.
  • Job Displacement: AI replacing humans in repetitive tasks.
  • Access and Inequality: Balancing access to advanced technologies.

Key AI Terms

  1. Artificial Intelligence (AI): Technology mimicking human intelligence to complete tasks independently.
  2. Machine Learning (ML): Subset of AI: Machines improve at tasks using experience or data without explicit programming.
  3. Deep Learning (DL): Advanced subset of ML: Utilizes vast amounts of data to train complex neural networks for self-learning capabilities.

Human vs. Machine Learning Process

  • Human Learning Process: Progressive, involving training and experience, like a child learning to walk or talk.
  • Machine Learning Process: Similar to human learning but relies on structured data and complex algorithms to learn and improve over time.

Domains in AI

  1. Data Science: Handling numeric data, creating meaningful insights from large data sets, maintaining data sets, and performing statistical analysis.
  2. Natural Language Processing (NLP): Interaction between computers and humans using natural language, including applications like email filtering, smart assistants (Alexa, Siri).
  3. Computer Vision: Analyzing and deriving insights from visual data like images and videos. Example: Self-driving cars.

Definitions & Examples Relating to AI

  • Moral Issues in AI: Deciding who is responsible when an AI system makes a damaging decision. Example: A self-driving car accident scenario.
  • Data Privacy and Ethics: Understanding how much data AI systems gather and ensuring ethical use.
  • Capability and Limits of AI: Recognizing potential, like in virtual assistants or image recognition, while understanding ethical implications and biases.

Preparation Tips

  • Example questions on AI understanding: Definitions, fundamental differences between AI, ML, and DL, and practical ethical scenarios.
  • Reviewing different aspects of AI and their implications, ethical concerns, practical applications, and existing solutions for a wholesome understanding.
  • Hands-on examples to understand applications better.

Conclusion

  • Understanding AI involves knowing its definitions, capabilities, ethical concerns, and real-world applications.
  • Balance needs to be achieved in AI development considering moral and practical implications for effective and responsible use.
  • Continuous learning and adaptation in AI is key to leveraging its full potential responsibly.

Final Thought

  • Explore the ethical impacts, practical applications, and continuous learning aspects of AI. Focus on responsible and innovative use of technology.