Freedom: Class 11 Political Science

Introduction

• This chapter is the second chapter of the second book of Class 11 Political Science.
• Freedom means being able to do whatever one wants.

Definition of Freedom

• Freedom means: Absence of Constraints (No restrictions on an individual).
• Independent Decisions: No control or pressure from external forces.

Nelson Mandela and Freedom

• Long Walk to Freedom: Nelson Mandela's autobiography.
• Fought against the apartheid policy which discriminated between black and white.
• Sacrifice: Spent 27 years in prison.

Aung San Suu Kyi

• Leader of Myanmar who fought for democracy.
• Freedom from Fear: Liberation from fear is true freedom.

Dimensions of Freedom

• Negative Freedom: Absence of external limitations.
• Positive Freedom: Providing the capacity to develop oneself.

Gandhi and Swaraj

• Swaraj: Self-rule, self-governance.
• Fought for political and social freedom.

Necessity of Constraints

• Without constraints, society may become chaotic.
• Necessary to prevent violence and maintain peace.

Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose and Freedom

• Emphasized political, social, and economic freedom.

Harm Principle

• J.S. Mill's idea: Freedom should be utilized without causing harm to others.

Negative and Positive Liberty

• Negative Liberty: Absence of external interference.
• Positive Liberty: Providing opportunities for development.

Freedom of Expression

• Right to express thoughts and ideologies.
• New information is obtained through truth and debates.

Importance of Restrictions

• Unlimited freedom leads to conflict and inequality.
• Important to maintain a balance between freedom and responsibility.

Conclusion

• Proper use of freedom is important.
• The government should protect the freedom of individuals.

These notes are helpful in understanding the important points of the chapter.