Hi, Biotrop’s audience, I am Inja Nurelia Hayat… I will accompany you in BIOTROP's educational video I am currently at the SEAMEO BIOTROP Bogor In this episode of educational video, we learn about tissue culture technology So.. please follow me One of research institutions that has tissue culture laboratory is SEAMEO BIOTROP Research on tissue culture in SEAMEO BIOTROP begins in 1985 The seedlings production starts in 2000 for forest trees, agriculture, horticulture, ornamental plants as well as for seaweeds Nowadays, technology has been developing rapidly with time You may want to think about technology as if computer technology and other gadgets How about tissue culture technology? Usually we propagate plant seedlings using conventional method Such as seed germination Grafting and cutting In certain plants that are difficult to propagate using conventional method We need alternative technique for propagating plants That is tissue culture technique for plants I am now with Ibu Erina, a researcher and the person in charge of tissue culture production in SEAMEO BIOTROP Hi, Ibu Erina, I am Inja, I would like to ask you About what tissue culture is Tissue culture is a method to isolate a certain parts of plants For example, cell, tissue or organ To be cultured in a controlled environment or usually called in vitro And the most important thing is being in an aseptic condition For example, we take a leaf from a superior plant From the leaf, we can grow stem, shoot, root So, from a leaf Can become a complete plant Other parts of plant that are generally used for tissue culture Are shoots and bulb Tissue culture technique is developed from the theory of Cell Totipotency Stated by Schwann and Schleiden in 1938 Based on the totipotency theory, each plant cell Consists of genetic information and certain physiological instrument to grow To develop a complete plant When being placed in a suitable environment For example, if plant cell is grown in a medium consists of root-growing hormone Then the plant cell will develop into root When the plant cell is grown in a medium consists of shoot-growing hormone The plant cell will develop into shoot So, what are needed to implement plant tissue culture? First, we need a laboratory With tissue culture equipment As well as greenhouse and nursery Second, we need chemicals for making culture media Suitable for growing a certain plant The chemicals usually consist of macro and micro nutrients Then, vitamins, carbohydrate, plant growth regulator, and agar Third, we need an aseptic laboratory So, we should have a laboratory having a clean condition And in an aseptic condition What are the stages of tissue culture for plant propagation? The simplest phase of tissue culture is micropropagation technique The first step of micropropagation is explant sterilization Explant is a part of plant taken from the parent plant The first stage of explant sterilization is cleaning of explant from Microorganisms attached to the explant surface As well as microorganisms that live inside the explant Because the explant is going to be cultured in an aseptic condition Therefore, the explant must be sterile from microorganisms For example, in banana plant The explant used from banana plant is generally the young shoot taken from banana rhizome The shoot explant is cleaned by Firstly, cleaning the explant under running water Then the explant is soaked in fungicide solution, followed by soaking in bactericide solution Then, soaked in disinfectant solution Usually, we use sodium hypochlorite To kill all attaching microorganisms Or microorganisms living inside the shoot explant The second step of micropropagation is planting the explant that has gone through the sterilization process In a culture medium The first culture medium used is the medium for shoot initiation to produce the first in vitro shoot Usually, the used medium is medium MS which is abbreviation from medium Murashige and Skoog Containing a certain plant growth regulator After the first in vitro shoot grows The shoot is multiplied, in which the first in vitro shoot obtained Is being multiplied in the shoot multiplication medium Containing cytokinins functioned for multiplying the shoot After getting a plenty amount of cultured shoot Several shoots are being sub-cultured in root-induction medium The objective is to induce or trigger root growth in an in vitro condition After root growth happens, the banana plantlet produced Is acclimatized in sterilized soil medium The acclimatization container is then covered with transparent plastic sheet To keep the high humidity of the soil medium After being kept in a covered condition for one month, the plantlets are then planted in soil medium in polybags The plantlets are then planted in nursery for three months To finally become banana seedlings Now, Inja, let’s go to see the banana seedlings produced using tissue culture technique in the nursery Inja, these are the banana seedlings produced using tissue culture technique and they are ready to be planted in the field They are all thick and fresh How much better are seedlings produced by tissue culture technique compared with that by conventional method? The superiority of seedlings produced by tissue culture compared with Obtaining seedlings from seeds, cutting or grafting Firstly, we can produce seedlings in large scale The seedlings are uniform and can be produced in a short period of time Secondly, we can produce seedings all-year-round without waiting for The parent plant to produce flowers or fruits Thirdly, if the explants are originated from superior parent plant For example, seedlings originated from superior banana plant having excellent fruits With plenty of excellent banana bunches, when being propagated using tissue culture technique The explants will produce banana seedlings having superior characters just like the parent banana plant So, the banana seedlings will have excellent fruits with plenty of excellent banana bunches Thank you very much Bu Erina for explaining to us about tissue culture Now, it is time to end this session With tissue culture technique, we hope to produce quality seedlings for the community For further information, or for directly learn about plant tissue culture Please visit SEAMEO BIOTROP Bogor I am Inja Nurelia Hayat, see you in the next educational video