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Understanding Oscilloscopes and Function Generators

May 10, 2025

Notes on Experiment 6: Oscilloscope and Function Generator

Objectives

  • Perform AC analysis using Multisim.
  • Understand the behavior of oscilloscopes and function generators.
  • Observe oscilloscope and function generator equipment real-time in labs.
  • Measure various amplitudes and frequencies.

Theoretical Background

Oscilloscope

  • Function: Displays waveforms across time.
  • Dual Trace: Allows comparison of two waveforms at the same time.
  • Controls:
    • Graphical display with time-based scale adjustment.
    • Voltage adjustment using volts per division.
    • Coupling options: AC coupling (displays AC components) and DC coupling (displays both AC and DC components).
    • Zero display for baseline view.
  • Cursors: Used for measuring time differences between waveforms.

Function Generator

  • Waveform Options: Sine, triangular, square.
  • Adjustments:
    • Frequency: Range from 1 Hz to 999 MHz.
    • Duty Cycle: 1% to 99%.
    • Offset: Adjust positive/negative waveform levels.

Multisim and NI ELVIS Software

  • Simulates functionality of oscilloscope and function generator.
  • Features: Connect devices, adjust settings, observe waveforms.

Practical Setup

Equipment Setup

  • Oscilloscope Probe:
    • Green tip for oscilloscope.
    • BNC connector for function generator.
  • Connections:
    • Positive of function generator to 1kΩ resistor.
    • Oscilloscope probe connects at resistor junctions.

Procedure

  1. Multisim Simulation:

    • Set function generator to 1 kHz, 2 Vp.
    • Oscilloscope settings: 0.1 ms per division, 2 volts per division.
    • Observe waveform, measure parameters.

  2. Hardware Experiment:

    • Connect resistors as per circuit diagram.
    • Use function generator for input signal.
    • Measure and record results using oscilloscope.

  3. Data Analysis:

    • Calculate time period from frequency.
    • VRMS and VPP measurements.
    • Fill in observations in a structured table.

Observations

  • Waveform Analysis:
    • Full waveform (peak to trough) defines one time period.
    • VRMS calculation: 0.354 * VP.*

Conclusion

  • Understanding of oscilloscope and function generator operation is crucial for waveform analysis.
  • Successful simulation in Multisim is essential before real-time lab execution.

Further Steps

  • Complete review questions.
  • Prepare for hardware execution in labs.

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