all right in this uh video we're going to talk about the last series of Bones that make up the upper Limbs and that is the bones that make up the hand so the hands are broken up into three major areas the carpass that is the wrist the metacarpus or the palm and then the fanges or fingers so let's first talk about the carpass and it's sort of a a misnomer when somebody says they're wearing a wrist watch you're not actually wearing the watch on the wrist you're wearing it around sort of the lateral ends of the the rad sorry the um the distal ends of the radius and the olna so let's talk about the eight bones they're going to be in two rows they're not exactly imperfect rows they're sort of irregular rows but the first row um and these are the bones that will articulate with the radius and AA so we're going to go from a uh lateral to medial um so if you look at this posterior view of the right hand we're going to go lateral to medial if however we're looking at the hand in U standard anatomical orientation um again remember the finger the thumb is going to be facing outwards and the Palms are facing forward so the anterior view the the lateral and medial will be sort of reversed where the thumb is lateral and uh this finger here is going to be medial so anyways the eight Bones the proximal row is going to be the scaffo so the scaffo is sort of this boat shaped uh bone so let's actually write that down um so when we're trying to identify it it kind of makes it a little bit easier so scaffo I'm just going to put boat the lunate uh the lunate bone uh lunate is sort of um short for sort of moon shape or moon like so we're just going to say Moon and then we have the triquetrum the triquetrum is sort of triangle in shape so try think about that as a triangle and then sort of not in the same plane uh you don't really see it in the posterior view you only see it in the anterior View is the pisor so the pisor is [Music] p-shaped then if we move to the distal row again going from lateral to medial you have the trapezium so trapezium means a little table so we'll just say table then you have trapezoid trapezoid just means four cided followed by the capitate capitate just means head kind of like you know if you decapitate somebody you remove their head so capitate is head shaped and then finally hamate just means it's sort of hook shaped so if we look at the handmate bone it kind of looks like a hook so sort of a pneumonic can help you to remember the sequence remember that it's going to be eight bones each row has four bones so an easy pneumonic you can use where the first letter of each word corresponds to the first letter of each of these carbal bones is going to be Sally left the party so s for scaffo L for lunate t for triquetrum and P for pisor and then the next one would be to take Cindy home so you have the first T is trapezium the second T is trapezoid C for capitate and H for or hamade so of these eight bones really only the scaffo the lunate and the triquetrum form the wrist joint so if we look at the head of the olna so the head of the olna this is where the triquetrum is going to articulate while if you look at the radius specifically around the uh the ends of the radius you have these little grooves where the scaffo is going to articulate and the lunate is going to articulate also remember the radius and the Ola there's a notch here where you will form an articulation between the radius and the olna as well so next we move on to the metacarpal bones the metacarpal bones do not have specific names they're actually given numberers Roman numerals 1 through five with Roman numeral number one corresponding to the thumb and then progressively you move to number five which is the little finger so here we have metacarpal number one corresponding to the thumb 2 3 4 and five so if you look at a typical metacarpal bone it has three major regions there's the base that's going to articulate with the carpal bones uh and the base also articulates with the nearby Bon so medially and laterally depending on which number of metacarpal we're talking about you will form articulations and then you have the shaft and then the head you can actually notice the head if you make a fist what corresponds to your knuckles so I'll write that here your knuckles is actually the head of the metacarpal so another little interesting side note if you look at all of the metacarpal bones number one is slightly more anterior and sort of uh rotated a little bit so this is going to allow the movement of opposition something that we'll talk about more in the joint module but opposition is the movement that allows the [Music] thumb to form interactions with the other fingers so this action here is opposition okay so then we get to the finger bones these are called fanges uh they are also correspondingly numbered 1 through five so fanges one or digit one represents the thumb or alternatively the poock and the one unique thing here is that for the poock there are only two fangi bones all the other digits will have three fangi bones furthest away the fingertips will be the distal fanges then there's a middle fangi and then the proximal fangi will articulate with the metacarpal so what happens in the poock it is missing that middle uh Fane so you only have two bones as opposed to three so one last uh piece of information I want to convey with you is when we look at the shape of the carpass on an anterior view it's sort of a concave orientation here and sort of connecting it you have some ligaments and a network of sort of muscle tendons um that will go through that kind of crowd through this area along with nerves and so this is what we refer to as the carpal tunnel and so if this gets inflamed uh and you're kind of disrupting that um uh radial nerve um then you're going to have uh usually pain or tingling sensation and this is usually more noticeable in the evening uh correction not the radial nerve it's the sorry median nerve let me double let me write that down all right