[Music] okay hello and welcome back to our design thinking modules today I'm going to be telling you a bit about the history of design thinking so design thinking as we probably will see is dated way back so I did mention about the 60s but probably it's even that we will reserve that for later but for now I'll briefly touch upon creative engineering as it was called in the 50s by a gentleman named John Arnold he was teaching at Massachusetts Institute of Technology in the US he was a professor and consultant to companies as well so he taught this course called creative engineering where he introduced the whole idea of the fact that creativity could actually be a classroom session it could be produced in inside a classroom inside recreated the entire process could be done done with like that so prior to that probably people were and then the impression that it is for gifted individuals it is for people who have fuzzy hair and and probably are in dark corners of a lab those were the kinds of creative be created when you say creativity that's what you would associate it with John Arnold sort of sidestepped and said mmm that may not be the case we can actually probably recreate the whole thing you know in a controlled environment like a classroom so he had ingenious ways of teaching this and to him the favorite topic of his was science fiction so science fiction is a great topic to be introduced to students because it picks their curiosity and saying thousand years from today what's going to happen nobody knows but it's a great tool to get people imagine about all sorts of realities that could be possible so he really used this unknown to his own advantage if you ask somebody to think about you know somebody in say if I'm in India and I say don't think about other people as people other than you know in India but think about it from their perspective from say people in in Italy for example people find it a bit difficult they assume things that are valid here are valid in Italy and so they may make some design mistakes design thinking mistakes so his approach done professor Arnold's approach was to sort of take the students off this whole beaten path of thinking only about themselves and their own context but also thinking about somebody who's far connected so he used what you will see is a very important case study a very famous case study in that point of time called Arcturus for now to give you a brief history of this case study itself is that Arcturus is a star in a constellation called bootys I may get the pronunciation wrong but it you can look it up it's a constellation this particular star is 33 light-years from Earth and light here is the distance light travels in a year it it travels very fast so you know it's in a year it's it travels really long and 33 years like that so if you were to send a signal today from Earth it would be received 33 years later there so that's it's that far from Earth so he asked his students to imagine a planet a fourth planet from from the Sun the Arcturus not the Sun Arcturus and he said imagine a small civilization over there and say thousand years into the future Earth's earth people they go there and start establishing a business out there so he called it the MIT or Massachusetts intergalactic travel company so MIT is what he called his fictional company in thousand years in the so he said those aliens are very different from us from us earth people so they for example he said they have the aliens there have three fingers so they don't they're not like us with five fingers in each hand so each hand has three fingers they have three eyes so one of them can actually see x-rays so they are very different they're the the atmosphere that they have is not oxygen-rich but methane-rich so he called the aliens methane ian's or methane ian's so they were very different from earthlings also is their temperature their average summer temperature was minus 50 degree C and their average winter temperature is minus 110 degree C so none of what is valid for Earth is actually valid for Arcturus for also another thing to be noticed is that their gravity is 11 times more than that of Earth so if you were to jump be able to jump say 11 meters here that person would be able to jump only one meter there so that's the kind of difference in gravity as well in terms of industrial industrial evolution as well they were probably lower in the ranking scale so Java professor Arnold remarks that consultants from here I've gone to Arcturus for and found figured out that they're there they're probably only few people owning what looks like a scooter to us so that's all is their development scale so now what Professor Alan did during this case study or why are this case study is to make students think of not themselves and what is true for them but in a completely different environment in a completely different culture in a completely different environment setup so this is what design thinking focuses on is to lift you off from where you are comfortable where your assumptions are valid to places where it is not valid to an age group to a different culture different environment setting everything is different so this is what Professor Arnold was hinting at for students to do that and students took up this challenge there it was widely publicized as one of the most successful leap you know carried out and our endeavor in terms of thinking exercises lots of companies bought this idea and actually brought a professor Arnold to their company said hey hey can you do this for us as well for our employees as well so it was largely seen as some of the successful designs that the students actually did was one of them I'm going to show you on the screen is called egg or mobile a go mobile so this is a personal transportation for the maintenance so this is what one of the students designed this is apparently very popular when it was publicized in media and press as being very out of the box so it was sort of thinking you can see the methane ian sitting there in an egg-like structure with their long arms and the physic is different everything that we assume about humans and and you can also see a human being for height comparison so this is what the turanians had designed turanians meaning people from Earth have designed for the methane Ian's so this sort of sparked a lot of creativity and the students in a widely popular as you can imagine with with the students and professor Arnold was equally sporting he went with the flow I've been three or four times he revised this and came up with a complete case study is now available on archive.org I'll drop a link in the list reference list as well professor Arnold son I assume John Arnold jr. he has published it in archive.org so that it reserves this case study as one of the stellar design Design Thinking exercises that is still available and accessible to all of us so I thought I'll show that to you one more was like Professor Arnold has shown us the communication between Earth and Arcturus for is on how fruit actually grows in in octave as for and how they are plant and so you can see here how plants grow are planted in the methane e'en surface their fruits grow underground and you can see all that here how they look like so he went to a great detail on detailing what their environment might look like so this is the kind of detail he wanted students also to do in real life and this is a great case study for them thank you [Music]