Lecture 9: Leading and Managing

Key Concepts:

• Leading vs Managing: Leadership and management are often mistaken as the same but differ fundamentally. Leaders have followers, while managers have people working for them.

  • Leadership: Involves inspiring and guiding people.
  • Management: Involves planning and maintaining organizational processes.

• Roles in Workplaces:

  • Managers maintain and strategize for organizational efficiency.
  • Leaders focus on individual support and motivation.
  • Both roles are vital for inspiring and engaging staff.

Theories of Motivation:

Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs:

1. Physiological Needs: Basic survival needs (food, water, shelter).
2. Safety and Security: Protection and stability.
3. Social Needs: Belongingness, love, and affection.
4. Ego/Esteem: Recognition, status, and self-esteem.
5. Self-Actualization: Realizing personal potential and self-fulfillment.
   • Needs must be satisfied sequentially.

Alderfer’s ERG Theory:

• Existence Needs: Material and physiological desires.
• Relatedness Needs: Social relationships and interactions.
• Growth Needs: Personal development and self-improvement.
  • Needs can be pursued simultaneously.

McClelland’s Acquired Needs Theory:

• Achievement: Desire for success and goal attainment.
• Affiliation: Need for friendly relationships.
• Power: Influence and control over others.

Leadership Styles:

Authoritarian (Autocratic):

• Leaders make decisions with little input from group members.
• High control over group activities.

Democratic (Participative):

• Encourages input and participation from group members.
• Leaders offer guidance and facilitate decision-making.

Delegative (Laissez-faire):

• Minimal leader guidance; decisions made by group members.
• Effective with expert group members.

Role of Communication in Organizations:

• Motivation: Clarifies tasks, performance expectations, and improvement methods.
• Decision-Making: Provides necessary information for identifying and assessing actions.
• Attitude Influence: Information-sharing improves individual attitudes.
• Socialization: Essential for survival and interaction in social and work settings.
• Control: Helps in maintaining organizational behavior and adherence to policies.

This lecture underscored the importance of differentiating between leadership and management, understanding motivational theories, and recognizing the critical role of communication within organizations.