Peripheral Nervous System

Introduction to the Subject

• Subject: Human Anatomy and Physiology (B Pharmacy First Semester)
• Chapter: Unit 4, Chapter 1
• Main Topic: Introduction and Classification of the Peripheral Nervous System

Introduction to the Nervous System

• Nervous System: Controls and coordinates the human body.
• Neurons: Nerve cells known as structural and functional units.
• Function: Neurons exchange sensory and motor information.
  • Sensory: Convey information to the brain.
  • Motor: Convey commands from the brain to the body.

Classification of the Nervous System

• CNS (Central Nervous System): Includes the brain and spinal cord.
  • Function: Analyzes information and gives commands.
• PNS (Peripheral Nervous System): Remainder of the body parts.
  • Function: Execute commands.

Classification of the Peripheral Nervous System

• Somatic Nervous System: Self-controlled activities like limb movement.
  • Voluntary Response
• Autonomic Nervous System: Automatic actions like heartbeat.
  • Involuntary Response

Division of the Autonomic Nervous System

• Sympathetic Nervous System: Active in abnormal or emergency situations.
  • Three F's: Fear, Fight, Flight.
• Parasympathetic Nervous System: Returns the body to normal state.
  • Rest and Digest Condition

Application of Sympathetic and Parasympathetic

• Sympathetic: Heart rate increases, sweating.
• Parasympathetic: Heart rate normalizes, digestion increases.

Spinal and Cranial Nerves

• Cranial Nerves: Emerge from the brain. 12 pairs.
  • Function: Smell, vision, hearing, muscle movement.
• Spinal Nerves: Emerge from the spinal cord. 31 pairs.
  • Function: Control movement of various body parts.

Study Suggestions

• Understand the definitions and functions of the nervous system.
• Memorize the differences between sympathetic and parasympathetic.
• Memorize the names and functions of cranial and spinal nerves.

Practice Questions:

• Write the definition of the Peripheral Nervous System.
• Compare the Sympathetic and Parasympathetic Nervous Systems.

Visual Notes:

• Practice diagrams of sympathetic and parasympathetic.
• Practice diagrams of spinal and cranial nerves.