Transcript for:
GK Piva's Series Lecture Notes Overview

So hello everyone and good morning everyone, I hope my voice will be reaching everyone, once I will confirm it, today we are going to have lecture number Save Off GK Piva's series part four, once I will confirm it to everyone. Things are going well. Good morning to everyone, Radhe Radhe. And first of all, very sorry because your journey session was to start from today but it is okay on the first day itself. I told you yesterday that it will continue from day one till now. Your exam is fine, I did not know, okay, this will happen on the first day itself, we could not do it due to some things, which will start from tomorrow and I promise that from now on, you will not see any such issue, okay. Maybe it will be good for some people because many people were not able to join today because the video was uploaded very late and yesterday many people did not know, so the athlete will be able to join from tomorrow onwards. And the second thing is that when you start, everyone will do some physical activity before that, so what is that, it increases blood circulation and blood flow a little, which makes it feel a little better to do meditation. Okay, if we do some physical activity then we are going to start from tomorrow that is 11th and July exactly at 6 am and there will be no delay, okay 5:30 in the morning, okay can't wake up Ali if you are early in the morning at 6 :00 o'clock I am not asking you to get up, if you cannot get up early, then no problem, even a little late, if you want, you will get it in a recorded format as per your convenience, whenever you want, you can do it. As for the rest, one time cannot be stable for everyone, right? Your timing will remain at 6 am only, it will be at 6:00 in the morning, rest we will start from tomorrow from 11th of July, it will be at 6 am and most in the evening. Probably we should do that at 4:30 PM. Well, for evening I can't say for sure but for morning it will be for sure by 6 AM. But today there were some glitches because the course was created in the first place . There was a little problem in the back end, which has obviously been resolved now, so the issue will not arise from now on. And for those who wasted 1015 minutes today, I am already sorry for that. Okay, okay let's start, yes it is important for the exams as well so the first question is our The First South Asian Games was hosted by Who was the first South Asian Games hosted by Kathmandu Colombo Dhaka or Kolkata First South The Asian Games were held in Kathmandu, Nepal. Option number one would be the correct answer and here is the head quarter of an organization. Does anyone know who is that organization and when did the South Asian Games start in the year 1984? Now we will see here when the first Asian Games were held, who hosted them, okay, as well as all the first games here, apart from that is the first Asian Games, first Commonwealth Games, okay, first Youth Commonwealth Games, first Olympics, okay. This is the first Summer Olympics, the first is a Winter Olympics, the first Summer Youth Olympics and the first Winter Youth Olympics, if we talk about the first Asian Games then these were held in New Delhi in 1951. When were they held in New Delhi in 1951 ? It was hosted in the year 1982 i.e. India has hosted it twice, Thailand has hosted it the maximum number of times, China and Korea i.e. South Korea has hosted it twice. Talking about the Commonwealth Games, it was first hosted in 1930. Where were the Commonwealth Games held? The first Youth Commonwealth Games were held in Hamilton, Canada. The first Youth Commonwealth Games were held in 2000 in Scotland. The first Summer Olympics were held in the year 2010 and the first Winter Olympics were held in the year 2012. These were held in your Singapore. Me and this is ok sorry sorry not some youth man this is the normal one ok sorry sorry ok youth commonwealth games was above this is talking about the normal ones so the normal ones were in our 18966 Greece in Athens ok Greece in Athens Now one asks when the second one took place, then the second one which took place four years later in 1900, where did it take place, this time in Paris, France, and it was the first Olympics in 1900. In which women participated, keep in mind that women participated for the first time in this Olympics. The first Winter Olympics were held in 1924. The first Summer Olympics were held in Chamonix, France, Germanicus, France. Let's talk about the Youth Olympics. Let's talk about the first Winter Olympic Games in 2000 and 2012. In 2012, like I told you, these were held in Singapore. And the Winter Youth Olympic Games, these were held in your Innsbruck, Austria. Okay, Innsbruck were held in Austria and SAARC. You will get to see the head quarter of Kathmandu in Nepal which was made where it was made in Dhaka Bangladesh but the stabs were made there but its head quarter starts in Kathmandu Nepal aa meaning let 's move forward not start then all you will see Games Must be known where the previous ones were held Now the next question is Which of the following is not one of the methods of national income estimation Which of the following is not one of the methods in national income estimation i.e. which is different from our There are methods to calculate national income. Now what is it? Okay, so what is national income? So we have already read that the national income, which we call national income in Hindi, is a macro economic concept of macro economics. It means even economics and we know who is the father of Macro Economics is John Maynard Guinness and of Micro Economics you will quickly tell in the comment who wrote the book Wealth of Nations and Keynes ji who belonged to England, which one did he write? If there was a general theory of employment, then national income is the income of any country, how much income the people of that country earned and we also have concepts associated with it like personal income, personal disposable income, but we will understand them only when we understand the national income. If you understand then how much value of goods and services have been produced in a financial year, now here I am not deliberately using some terms like with in the territory and by the nationals, we will read that when we read GDP GNP, okay. They are also the same concept of National Income, GDP, GNP, NDP, NNP, but the doses are the aggregates. We can say that they are different ways of representing National Income, but there are total three ways to calculate National Income, which are those ways? Now let's see, but what is this financial year? Your financial year starts from 1st April to 31st March, when you get a job, when you pay taxes, then you will never forget this date. It is possible that you may even forget it now. Okay, who do we call the father of Micro Economics? We have seen all these things to Adam Smith. Now we are going to see the three methods that we have to calculate the national income. Total, how many, three, three, who. -Which are, first is our income method, second is expenditure method, this is called the method of income , this is your expenditure, this is called expenditure method, it is okay and third is our method, which is called value added method, this is okay. In Hindi we say value added value added, this is value added method, it is value added method and this is what we call product method, now we will talk about product method, we will see that also now, but first of all, let us see what this income method is, then it is ok. In the income method, we calculate the income. We have four factors of production. What are the four? We can say that these are the important components of production. What are these? These are our land, labour, capital and labor. The spelling is correct. It is written correctly, Land Labor Capital and Entrepreneurship, in Hindi we can say land, land, labor, labor, capital, capital and entrepreneurship, entrepreneurship. Now what is this, like suppose I have to pay a factory establishment, okay, rent one. This is a factor payment. The labor must have to pay wages. I must have to pay allowances. This is a factor payment. Capital. If I took money and took a loan, I would have to pay interest rate on it. This is a factor payment. Entrepreneur taking risk is a factor payment. If we find such type of entrepreneurs, then we call them Factors of Production, okay, we call them Factors of Production, and we call them Payments, okay, if we call them Factor Payments, then this is the way to calculate the income method that we call all these as Rent, Wages, Interest. Profit plus mixed income that is if we add the mixed income then we get this which is called National Income. Another way is if we are adding the expenditure expenses, its formula is one which I call by doing Chingam. Remember how 'Chingam' is changed from 'Chingam' to 'Chingam'. Here, it may be looking a bit like 'Chingam' type - C I G X A X M I AC means here, now, here, because we are looking at the expenditure, if we are looking at the expenditure, then first of all it is consumer pending or we call it consumer variable, like we are the people, the public is consumer pending variable or consumer's. What is the expenditure made by the government? That is C. What is I? Investment. Whatever investment is coming in, we keep it in I. What is government expenditure in G? The Government of India must be spending some, it must be giving to everyone and many more schemes are going on. That is the kind of government expenditure. What is it? What is the export here? What is the import? This is your export and import. These are all the things. We can say whether import and export are okay and what is this. You can say that this will be domestic consumption, this will be your government expenditure, this will be your investment and this will be export import. You understand, once a question was asked in CGL 2022 that which of these represents import and many people came away after thinking but actual. Who is showing in Import? M is showing clearly. Remember this after saying this, the matter is over. What does Value Added Method say? Valued Method says that how much value you have added in each stage, you calculate it as if you assume. This is what is ours, this is wheat, okay, this is wheat, so this is a farmer, okay, what did the farmer do, from here, let us assume that he produced wheat worth ₹ 1000000, this is a factory, okay, this is a factory which produces flour. She makes it, okay, so she gave it to the factory, what did she do, she added some value to it, that is, made flour out of it, added value to it, and let 's say she added value to it, and sold it for ₹ 10. Now let's assume it has arrived. It is near a biscuit factory, it was making flour, okay, the flour is fine, and this factory is making biscuits, so it also added some value and took it out of the total of 50. Okay, so if we look carefully, it is 100. From 150 i.e. how much value added is 50, so in actual we do not do this, if not 100 x 120 x 150 then what will it become 100 200 300 370 but in actual the thing is coming out to be 150, not 370. So and if we calculate in such a way that we start adding them all then what will happen i.e. we will do double counting and double counting is avoided while calculating national income that is why because you can see the result in your In front, it will not give the value in actual because double counting has been done in it because we do not have to add the value of the intermediate goods which are our intermediate products. Well, what is the difference between intermediate goods and final goods? These are the final goods, they are ready for sale and will not be sold, so here I took ₹ 1, okay, I took 100 and I saw that there is a value added of 20, so I added 20, okay here it is 30. If the value added is 30, then I saw that it comes out to be 150. This is correct, so the value of intermediate goods is not added so that there is no double counting and because here we know how much value added at each stage. This is done in a product, hence it is called Value Added Method or we also call it as Product Method. Okay, we also call it Product Method. I hope this is clear to you, this is what we call Gross Value Added. Now the first stage. In one, there was value added of ₹ so it is GVA and then in the second we saw that there was value added of ₹ so it could be that n number of stages are going on, so we represent it in this way, GVA is fine. So in this way you will know that Sigma means it makes everyone equal, so here there is no method by doing banking method, this thing has to be kept in mind, it is clear to everyone as to what are our methods. For this, you have to remember that if we move ahead then we will learn the concept of Personal Income, Personal Disposable Income, GDP, GNP, there is the right question number third, here you can see which of the following is summed up exactly, all right. Okay , so in the wake of the following Indian National Congress sessions, a pact was signed between the Congress and the Muslim League by which the separate electorate was accepted by both the parties. This was the Lucknow of the Congress. The session of 1916 is fine and it was very important. Which of the two meanings were there? The first meaning was that it included Indian National Congress and Muslim League. We have seen that Muslim League was formed in 1906 by Nawab Salimullah and Aga Khan. dhaka it It was created in Bangladesh and we had seen the region behind it, why it was created, but I had also told you what that region was, it was the partition of Bengal in 1905, there was the partition of Bengal, but what happened was that the second Delhi Darbar was organized in 1911. At the time of Hardinge Second, at whose time, at the time of Hardinge Second, Delhi Darbar was organized and in this Delhi Darbar, it was announced that now Kolkata will no longer be the capital, Delhi will be the capital, whom should Muslims please? There was another announcement in 1911 and that was that the partition of Bengal had been nullified or not abolished, so now to please the Muslims, to give them a gift that because Delhi It was a little associated with Muslim glory because Mughals used to sit there but Muslims were not happy and Muslim League signed a pact with INC here where these people accepted the separate electorate plus joint. Both of them placed joint demands before the British, one of which was that the Secretary of State, who is the Secretary of State, you know by which particular Act this position was created, then the Secretary of State, who is a British Member of Parliament. The one who was responsible for Indian affairs while sitting in Britain, his salary was given from India, but now in the joint demand, these people said no, you do it on your own, which was accepted, after which our Government of India Act 1919 came. The Government of India Act of 1919 came and which separate electorate is being talked about, then if you remember, I don't know if I told you just now, then the Government of India Act of 1909 was of 1909, which we call Morley Minto Reforms. Do you know why because Morley was the Viceroy of that time and Minto was the Viceroy of that time, sorry, he was the Secretary at that time and he was the Viceroy of that time, Morley was the Secretary, Minto was the Viceroy, so Morley is known as Minto Reforms and what did he do? It was the first to do separate electorates that in the first place only Muslim can stand in any convention and only Muslim can vote for him and if not Hindu then it is separate electorate which was accepted here. In the Lucknow Pact of 1916 and the joint demands put forward by these people, the British Government had accepted some of those demands in this Act of 1919 and we know this as Matak Chal for Reforms because he was the Secretary at that time. And the one who was at the helm was the Viceroy of that time, it is called Mantek Charles Foot Reforms and what all he did, we will see in another question in that because a lot of things will have to be told in this and when I tell you this, at the same time Government of India 1935 will also have to be mentioned. Now I told you that two important things had happened, one was joint demands, second was what was the important thing, the second important thing here was that there is a place here, yes there is a place, which was the Act of 1916 and One more thing is that this pact was signed between the Indian National Congress and the Muslim League, which we know as the Lucknow Pact. Jinnah is considered responsible to a great extent for this. Bhai Jinnah meant that Due to this, the closeness of Congress and Muslim League increased, due to this, Sarojini Naidu, who became the first Indian woman President of our Congress, first woman Indian woman President of Indian National Congress and first female Governor of any State of India, Sarojini Naidu of UP. Ji and Sucheta Kripalani, the first Chief Minister was from a state and that was from Uttar Pradesh, Naidu ji called him Jinnah as Father of Hindu Muslim Unity and that is another nickname and that is. Quaid-e-Azam, we also call it Quaid-e-Azam, okay then what was I telling you here, the second thing and what happened here in the important actual, the Congress session of 1907 was held in Surat, which was presided over. Who did Ras Bihari Ghosh ji and in this session the extremists i.e. the extremists were thrown out from the Congress, now the Congress was divided into two sections from here, the extremists and the moderates. The moderates were called moderates. That we can say that a little educated, there were more educated and a little more aged people, like Dada Bhai Naroji became our right and Surendra Nath Banerjee became, then all of them used to come in moderate category. But some like our Lala Lajpat Rai, Vipin Chandrapal, Bal Gangadhar Tilak, all of them were among the extreme extremists and in 1907, these extremists were thrown out. The reason behind this was that when Bengal Partition took place in 1905, the extremists were saying that Why keep it to Bengal, spread it to the whole of India and why limit it only to the higher jobs, spread it to the common people, make it a mass movement, but the moderates used to believe in prayers and petitions that brothers, we will pray, we will give our petitions and will keep our constitutional demands accordingly. They will present their demands in front of the British in a constitutional manner, but whether the extremists were the type of immediate decision, that is why the moderates and the extremists have to part their ways and again these two people came together in the Lucknow of 1916. There was a session which was press-ed by Ambika Charan Majumdar ji. What happened in this session? Extremists were called nearby i.e. there was a reunion, so this session is important in these two ways. Next is our compounds like gingerol. Paradol, I have already told you this answer, it is ok, I have told you about Surat session and we have already discussed about Lahore session, which was Lahore session of 1929, it was proposed by Jawaharlal Nehru, what was done in it, CDM, that is civil dissidence. It was said to launch the movement that the goal of Congress was Purna Swaraj. It was declared that our goal from now on is Purna Swaraj and on 26 January 1930 we will celebrate our first Independence Day and after this in 1931 there was a session in Karachi where We had seen that CDM was temporarily suspended, Gandhi Arvin Pact was endorsed and resolutions were taken regarding fundamental rights and national economic policy. Okay and the flag was also hoisted on the banks of river Ravi. Nehru ji moves ahead. And there is nothing here in Lucknow which was the session of 1936. Well, this is not important but keep one thing in mind that in 1936 there was a session in Faizpur, the same session in Faizpur where All India Kisan Sabha is formed, Sahajanand Saraswati makes compounds for it. Like Gingerol Paradol Shagal and Gingerol R What are these Antimicrobials found in turmeric Antifungal Co. Compounds found in ginger Antimicrobials found in citrus foods Or antimicrobials found in ginger So these are antimicrobials found in ginger Ok as simple as that ginger is in the name itself It is very simple, ginger will be the answer and it is antimicrobials. Next is our article of which article of the Constitution mentions that every religious denomination and section shall have the right to own and require the movable and immovable property. Which article says this now article Here it has not been asked, along with the article, it has also asked the clause and that is very important that you read the clause carefully. There are some articles like article number 20, its clauses are very important, similarly the clauses of article 26 are also very important. Let us first talk about article number 26, the first thing is that you know how many fundamental rights are there, total fundamental rights are six, there are six fundamental rights, earlier there were seven, one has been removed, Right to Property 44 Amendment of 1978, now In Part 12 and Article 300a and that Magna Kata Part 12 and 12 to 35, I am not telling all that, it is enough, that is fine, all the things are taken from USA, a total of six fundamental rights, which ones are there, Right to Equality is fine. You know that we have the right to equality, then after that we have the right to freedom, we have the right against exploitation, we have the right to religious freedom and then there is the cultural and educational right and then we have the right to constitutional remedies. Okay, I am writing so briefly because I can tell you from which article the Right to Religious Freedom comes under which article, Right to Freedom of Religion or Right to Religious Freedom i.e. the right to religious freedom, this equality. The right is from 14 to 18, this is from 19 to 22, this is from 23 to 24, we have seen both the entire articles, now we will see this article here, where is the religious freedom, from 25 to 28, out of these, I have already told you the 27th one. What is there in the 27th, quickly tell in the comment that what is there in the 20 article number 27. If we talk about article number 25, then is there freedom of conscience in it? Right, freedom of conscience and free profession, free profession practice and propagation of religion i.e. Whatever religion you are, it is okay, you have freedom of conscience to do anything about your religion. Whatever you think about your religion, believe in religion, practice religion in any way, propagate it, but you cannot do religious conversion, in this you have not been given the freedom to get religious conversion done, okay, first thing is this. Article number 25 says that this right has been given to an individual, we can say that to a person, now the next right that is, that is, let us see here, what is the next right that is, article number 26, this right has been given to a religious nation i.e. What right does the group have? This Freedom to Manage Religious Affairs means freedom to manage religious affairs. In a way, Freedom to Manage Religious Affairs is freedom to manage religious affairs. There are total four sub-clauses in it. The first one speaks of two tablics for religious and charitable purposes. Institution means just remember the institution, first one gives freedom to do by establishing and maintaining the institution, second one gives freedom, okay Article 26 Clause A, then if we talk about Clause B it says that you can manage your religious matters . Ok, that means to manage its own affairs in religious matters. In religious matters, who has got this right, it is ours, whatever group it is, ok, whatever group is there, it has got the right, then what does the third person say? To own and acquire, to own and acquire movable and immovable property. That is, whatever religious group you belong to, can own and acquire movable and immovable property. What is movable? Suppose, a vehicle etc. is immovable. What happens once you own the property, you can own it, you can acquire it. Fourth and the last one is that you can administer whatever property you own, whether it is movable or immovable, according to the law, right, that means two. Administrator Sach Property to Administrator Sach Property in Accordance with Law So you catch some keywords from that you will remember, if question from this has come in the paper then there are definitely chances of getting it, the first one is the institutions and the second one is that you can register yourself in that institution. You remember that you can manage the affairs, then the third one talks about the property which is movable and removable and the fourth one talks about you having complete freedom to administer it. You have complete freedom. Okay, now this gives you ground. Yes, let's go. And immovable property, we will call it movable property and we will call it immovable property, so it has your power, that is, freedom. Now what is being asked here is movable and immovable property, why would it be the third one because the fourth one is the last one and it says that you can make it an administrator. You can do your property as per your convenience, as simple as that is fine and 27 I asked you what is it because I have told you this, it says that tax cannot be taken from you in the name of religion to promote a religion. To promote one religion, a fee can be charged for promoting all religions, it is not that you go somewhere and believe that as it happens, there is a separate fee of ₹ 10 for keeping slippers. Two, if you pay a separate fee for this, then the fee can be taken, tax cannot be taken, to promote a religion, I told you that religious freedom is between 25 and 28, 25 told, 26 told, 27 so I had seen earlier. What is there in 28? What is there in 28 means that freedom means that religious people can say to you that such religious instructions cannot be given in any educational institution where such religious instructions are available. Where are the government aided schools where there are freedom ? The money goes from the government, there you cannot be given religious instructions that brother, you have to come wearing a cap from tomorrow, you have to come with tilak again, then this article 28 says it is okay, after this our cultural and educational rights start 29. And in 30 and we have seen this, article number 32 is Heart and Soul by Ambedkar ji and there are five types of rates in it, we have not read the rates yet, we just know from which country's constitution we have taken the rates, please tell us. And we will also see this gradually by doing Battle of Plassey was fought between the East India Company force headed by B. Clive and the Nawab of Bengal Dash in 1757 So the Nawab of Bengal is asking you the name of the year given to you in 1757 It was fought and it is called the Battle of Plassey because of the place where it was fought, which is in present day Bengal, near Nadia district, there are many Palas trees found there, hence it was named Battle of Plassey. Now why did this battle take place? If we understand this first then actual What happened in 1717 was that there was a Farooq Jackal. This was the Mughal ruler Farooq CR. He issued a decree in 1717. In 1717, he issued a decree and told the British that they give you monopoly in trade. You have monopoly in trade. You trade comfortably in Bengal, we will not take any tax from you, he has issued an order for tax free trade, now what happens is that the Mughals gradually start becoming week week week week and week and some of our independent kingdoms start emerging like Hyderabad in South India, Bengal in East India and Awadh here in North India are the three big ones. They were independent earlier too but they used to accept the power of Mughals. Gradually they started becoming independent and there came a time like this. That when Siraj-ud-Daula came to rule here, Siraj-ud-Daula became the ruler of this place at a very young age because his maternal grandfather, Ali Vardi Khan, was there before him. After his death, Siraj-ud-Daulat ascended the throne and said, look, he told the British and the French. Both of you, come here brother, see what Farooq the jackal said, Farooq the jackal is no more and now we are no longer under the influence of the Mughals, we are independent in ourselves, so it is like this, now this trade is trade free, etc. tax free. This is trade, it's all over, taxes have to be paid as per law, the French say ok master, but the British did not like this, so there were some differences due to which an incident of a dungeon also happens, black hole tragedy, they were not accepting it. These fortifications were being done. Fort William which was in Bengal was being fortified. Forts were being closed. Walls were being built. Siraj Dawala did not like what is going on in our kingdom. Everyone believed so. It is said that Saraju Daula went there and locked some Britishers in a dungeon, many of the Britishers died there, because of this it is believed that the Britishers got irritated and what happened due to irritation, here Robert Clive asked Robert Clive, who was the military commander of Siraj-ud-Daula, his name was Mir Jafar, offered him that son Mir, if you help us win, we will make you the Nawab of Bengal, which you want, which you will not be able to do if Siraj-ud-Daula remains. So Mir Jafar joins them and in the Battle of Plassey, Siraj-ud-Daula is killed and the British win in the Battle of Plassey, Mir Jafar is made the Nawab of Bengal as promised and from here we say that Bhai , in reality, it laid the foundation of British Empire in India and the remaining work which was left was completed in a battle in 1764, that is the Battle of Buxar. This is the battle of Buxar. These three People or we can say that it happened between two people but between whom. Actually Mir Jafar was not of good manners, his son-in-law was named Mir Qasim, so what did the British do? Come on in color, I will write in red, okay, so what did Mir Qasim do? Mir Qasim was made Nawab, Mir Qasim and Teju were children, what did he do, he quickly shifted the capital from where to where, from Murshidabad to Munger, Munger capital shift. Then the British didn't like even this. Okay, so what did Mir Qasim do? Mir Qasim saw an ad, three friends sitting together in one day, after doing this, one comes to the Grammys Royals, so Mir Qasim liked it. But he took it and what did Mir Qasim say, Mir Qasim went to the Nawab of Awadh, whose name was Shuja Ud Daula, Shuja Ud Daula, this is Siraj-ud-Daula, the Nawab was the Nawab of Bengal, this is Shuja Ud Daula, this is the Nawab of Awadh, the plus of that time. There was a Mughal ruler, his name was Shah Alam II. Shah Alam Second. This was when the Battle of Plassey took place. Remember, the name of the Mughal ruler at this time was Alamgir Second. Ask this Alamgir II, so these three met and against whom did they fight? Against the British. But all three of them were defeated versus the British and whatever little was left was completed by the Battle of Buxar and it is believed that the actual rule of British British Britishers actually starts from here. This battle is also considered to be the Battle of Plessis of 1757 which actually led the foundation of British Empire in India but the remaining gap was completed in 1764 because what happened after this was in 1765 in which the British Who led the British forces in it? Hector Munro led the British forces in it. Who led the British forces in it? Clive led it. So in 1765 and By this time, the Battle of Buxar had taken place, so by this time Clive had become the Governor of Bengal. Okay, so here there is a Treaty of Allahabad, which we call the Treaty of Allahabad, where this Mughal ruler was told that look, you give us Now give the civil rights, what are these? Civil rights, right to collect revenue money. We will keep the civil rights. Where did we take them from? Bengal, Bihar and Orissa took civil rights and Faujdari means Faujdari, which is all the things like police etc. They are that you see the Diwani, we will see the money, we will collect, then what will be the answer in the Treaty of Allahabad 1765, Option Number Third Siraj Daula, I often ask the question, was he the first Nawab of Bengal or Bengal like I told you, it became Bengal. Awadh was formed and Darabad was formed, these three big princely states emerged which gradually became independent in actual and when they became completely independent, then who was the first Nawab of Bengal, it was Murshid Kuli Khan of Murshid Kuli Khan. Do you people know what is its actual name ? Its actual name was Suryanarayan Mishra and Mishra ji who became Khan Saheb. If we talk about Awadh, if we talk about Awadh, then in Hyderabad, Burhan ul Mulk is fine, in Hyderabad it is fine, but not Nizam ul Mulk, Nizam is fine. Ul Mulk Asaf Ja is also known as Asaf Ja. It is correct. Saadat Ali Khan in Awad and Murshid Quli Khan in Bengal. Keep in mind that he was the first Nawab of these three places. The next one is I propose the Law of Octave. Who propounded the rules of Ashak? Don Newland Mendeleev Moseley asks when was it done. Okay, so if we talk about the Law of Octaves, then when did it come, who gave it? Actually, now we are going to read here that which is our periodic table, that is the periodic table. We will read how origin occurs. Dober Ner was the first to give the Law of Trades i.e. the theory of triad . In the theory of triad, he said that he grouped three elements each in the order of increasing atomic weight and he Found that when we are making such groups of three, the average of atomic weight of the first and third is equal to the second, like Lithium, Sodium and Potassium, they made a triad, that is a triad, how much is Lithium, it is six, okay something. It is a little more than six, but okay, let us assume six. What is the average of potassium? This is potassium, it is 40. Okay, if we add 40 and 6, how much will it be? 46, then what will be the average? 23, so the average atomic meaning of sodium is sodium. The actual atomic weight of is 23, so in a way, it is okay that they made the trade in this way, but they were not able to prove it extensively, then it was not observed everywhere in the entire periodic table, so it means that in a way, they attempted. When did it hit? In 1929. If 1929 is not there in the option then it will be 1917 because they had kept the concept in this year but it was published in 1929. Keep in mind that you may get the option only in 1929, otherwise then it is 1916. Then Newland is JR Newland. Who gave the principle of octave? When did he give the law of octave? Sorry, it would be 1829, not 1929. 186 17. Okay, so Newland gave it in 18651 and 18653 in 65, where he told that how if we arrange the elements in increasing atomic weight in this way, If you arrange then the properties of the first element and the eighth element will be the same, like in a musical note, the first and last eighth letter, which is the last letter or note, is the same, after Sa Re Ga Ma Pa Da Ni, Sa comes again . Have I told you that all Gamma Pada Ni Sa, Sa has come again after Sa i.e. whether the first and eighth element is repeated or its physical and chemical properties match with each other, this is what Newland ji had said now. What question will be formed from here? Firstly, when was the musical note made in 18657, who was the last element in it, thorium and they were arranged in the order of increasing atomic weight? Apart from this, no other question will be formed here, what did Mendeleev ji do in these? The Year 18698 69 Mendeleev ji kept his periodic table exactly like this, if we talk about any paper which was published recently, I don't know, in the on going in CHSL of CPO, he also made a picture like this and gave how many groups. How many periods were there, so this is the picture from which I have put this periodic table which Mendeleev gave on his order in the year 18698 but it was quite extensive and this is the same periodic table which Mendeleev gave. Gave a basic structure and hence we know him as Father of Periodic Table. Total Seven 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Seven horizontal roses that means seven periods and 1 2 3 4 5 6 Okay, sorry, if we take zeros from here, then 1 to 8, eight are your vertical columns, that is, eight groups come out here in their periodic table. Okay, so this is what we have to keep in mind now. What did Mendeleev ji's periodic table 18690 do? Mozle ji was the actual one who gave the modern periodic table that we see today in 1913. Mendeleev ji was from which country, in which country our Modi ji is currently roaming. Time is fine in Russia. Modern periodic table was given clearly by Henry Moseley in 1913, so many things which we see today and what was so special in it, first of all, there are some errors in Mendeleev's periodic table which I am not discussing right now. That hydrogen and this, now I have to make you do one aluminum, one boron, all but not all the things in one question. Tomorrow then we will take one question from the periodic table and see the remaining things in it. Okay, so the specialty in the modern periodic table was that This was based on the atomic number. He had said that whatever property an element has, it depends on its atomic number. What everyone else was saying was the atomic mass. And this was actually a thing that actually did not depend on the atomic number. Ok clear let's proceed now the next question is our according to Köppen climatic classification M is the code for type of climate According to the Köppen climate classification system M is the code for which type of climate You have been asked Humid Subtropical Climate Marine West Coast Climate Tropical Monsoon or Tropical Wet and Dry in English, the notes are uploaded very late, that is true, what can be done, it also takes some time to make the notes, AM is the code of what Kopan Climatic Classification, let's go So if we talk about Kopan Climatic Classification, then Kopan ji had given Imperial Climatic Classification, I have not asked yet but if I ever ask, then yesterday he had given Climatic Classification where he used some alphabets, how many of us are there in the climate? Let's take the data of the year, please tell in the comments, here they used some alphabets, some capital letters and some small letters, capital letters were A B C D e and small letters were there like M F is fine, D B S, these are some small letters. There were letters, now they have some meaning in them like A means tropical, what does tropical mean, what does tropical mean, tropical means this tropic of cancer which is lattu 23 A 1/2 degree north lattu and tropic of capricorn. Which is 23 1/2 degree latitude, we call the area between it tropical, B is B dry, wherever there are dry conditions, it is desert type, then there we will use the capital letter B. C means warm temperate, warm temperate. Now you should understand what all these are, as I told, this is between Tropic of Cancer and Tropic of Capricorn, this is called Tropical Zone, this is called Torrid Zone, okay this is from Tropic of Cancer to 66 and half degrees North, what is this? This area of ​​the Arctic Circle is called the Temperate Area. Similarly, Tropic of Capricorn i.e. Tropic of Capricorn and 65 degrees South , 66 F degrees South is called the Antarctic Circle. This is also called the Temperate Area. This is North Temperate, this is South Temperate. Temperate means it grows cold here. Temperate region is spoken in Hindi. It is cold. It is not that you will cross this line and you will get frozen. This line does not exist in actual. It is so. What is this, this is just an imaginary line, it just means that the direct ray of the sun and the overhead ray fall in between these two, here after this there is the slanting ray i.e. oblique ray. So, it is not that hot here, but it is not that as soon as you cross here, it is getting very cold here, let us soon cross the line from here, okay, slowly and gradually the conditions gradually turn towards coolness. If we go then we say that it is temperate but it is warm temperate, it will come in cool temperate, so this is what temperate means, this is okay, what does D mean, cold, snow, forest, it is cold, it is snowing and the forest too. What is Tundra type? It means it is very cold. Do you understand Tundra? The vegetation found near the Arctic and Antarctic, where there is hardly any vegetation and it snows a lot, is called Tunda. Just run through your mind where to find Tunda in India. What is the meaning of M? Monsoon. Where monsoon type monsoon comes a lot, we will use small M. See, capital letter is used along with it we also use small letter. Let's use 'F' means exactly like this, remember full rain i.e. heavy rains where it rains, W means winter dry where winters are dry, what does 'S' mean summer dry where there is no rain in summers. It does not rain here in winter. It does not rain here in summer. Monsoon comes a lot here. Well, it always rains here. Now we will see it on the map of India, how and where it is. I had told you to guess where it will be. The area of ​​Ladakh via Jammu and Kashmir, here you have Tundra type. If you look carefully, the Tropic of Cancer passes from here, from the middle of India, so it is obvious that what will be the part below it. That would be your Tropical, so that's why capital A was used, that's why capital A was used, forget it, it won't ask you, forget it, it's okay, capital A, why is it capital A, because it is tropical, why is the top one, capital C, because above it, temperate starts. This is not what is happening, if you cross it like this then it starts snowing, then it is warm temperate, then capital C is used, hence W is used because winters are dry, winter brings rains at some places, UPMP is not there here, so winter dry, this G is used. There is no need to remember about Ganga Valley, winter is dry here, what happens here, monsoon comes first, do you know that monsoon hits here first, although I have not read it yet, but okay, I will read it. So here the monsoon starts first. This is the western side of Rajasthan. I have already told you that there are six physiographic divisions of India. India is divided into six geographical regions. Here there are Aravalli Hills and on its western side there is Thar Desert. It is because there is dry condition here, so capital B is not small W, it is capital W which we use to show desert, here we used capital DFC , it is cold snow forest, it rains heavily in Arunachal Pradesh because here There is a lot of forest in the forest, so we use DFC for this. I hope this thing will be clear, then what is the meaning of M. Tropical Monsoon as simple as that is completely clear. Till now, no one has any doubt because many people here have no doubt. If anyone has any problem then ask him now because then I will not tell you all these things again, then we will do it in simple short, sir, when and when was it developed, well, it was developed a year before when Congress was formed. Okay or else remember the year in which Congress was formed. Remember the time of 18848. Okay, let's be clear so let's move ahead. I have a doubt, so tell me what is the doubt, I have a doubt. If you had written more, 'ji' means Ganga Valley. Hota Ganga Valley is fine, what is the Mediterranean climate? Let us now tell you about the Mediterranean climate. Question is also put forward. The following is the autobiography of Abdul Kalam Azad. Which of the following books is independent? Which of the following books is independent India? This is the autobiography of the first education minister, Abdul Kalam Azad ji. The first education minister was The Road Ahead. Whose is it? This is Bill Gates's autobiography. Okay, Unbreakable is Bill Gates's autobiography. Whose is Mary Kom's? India Wins Freedom is his. Abdul Kalam Azad ji. Whose Taste of My Life is this? We have seen all of Yuvraj Singh. Okay, who was the first Law Minister of our country, Bhimrao Ambedkar ji, who was the first Home Minister, Sardar Patel ji, who was the first in Foreign Affairs or our Prime Minister. Jawaharlal Nehru was the Defense Minister, Baldev Singh was the first Health Minister, Rajkumari Amrit Kaur, who was the only female, was the first cabinet formed. Who was the Finance Minister? Shanmukham Chatti was there. So you should know all these. It is a one liner type question. There are these and then, if we talk about some more autobiographies here, as I have already told you, but I will make you write again Long Walk to Freedom Freedom in Agile Freedom in Exile Letters from a father to his daughter from a Father to his daughter is okay and daughter and one or two more write A Promise Land is okay A Promise Land and Dreams from my Father these two are the book of the same person Dreams from my Father Long Walk to Freedom is by Nelson Mandela ji. Okay Nelson Mandela Freedom An Agile. This is 14. The 14th one is our Dalai Lama ji. His Letters from a Father to His Daughter is by Nehru ji. Jawaharlal Nehru. Okay. Another autobiography of his. The name is An Autobiography. The name is right. An Autobiography. Whose autobiography is it? Whose autobiography is it? Whose autobiography is the name? A Promise Land Dreams from Your Father. This is Barack Obama's and his wife is Michelle Obama. Michelle Obama's is Becoming. Okay, Becoming. Whose autobiography is it? First is our President's Rajendra Prasad ji. Okay, autobiography is of Rajendra Prasad ji. Option number third is that of sports persons. Here I am not going to revise it again like 280 and one and beyond. Whose is it? VVS Laxman's is straight. From My Heart Kapil Dev Straight Drive Sunil Gavaskar and a century is not enough Sourav Ganguly Ace against Torts Sania Madej playing to win Saina Nehwal playing it my way Sachin Tendulkar We have seen all this in the last week All the books Okay, you remember all this It should be Norman Barl is also known as the Father of Green Revolution in the world which country belongs to Poland France US and Germany only belongs to US Father of Green Revolution which is associated with the food production ok or we can say Whatever it is, it is right, it is associated with food grain production, it belongs to our US, it is they who first introduced the Green Revolution, where it is our Mexico and the rest of our Latin American countries. Because of this, we can say that hunger went down a lot due to which he also got the Nobel Peace Prize. In which year did he get the Nobel Peace Prize for Peace? In 1970, he received the Nobel Peace Prize in 1970. Who is called father in India? M.S. Swaminathan Let's say, who gave this term Green Revolution? William God gave it. Okay, William God, let's see which are the other revolutions and one thing here, in how many phases did it come in India, where and how did it come, now we No, we are not dealing, okay for now, who is the father, when did he get the Nobel Prize, where were all these things first introduced and what was used here, where was the use of HYV seeds, HYV stands for high yielding. High yielding variety seeds of variety seeds were used: HYV seeds which produced Drawstring revolution associated with oil production, Blue revolution associated with fishery, Brown revolution associated with leather production, Golden fruit and honey green revolution and keep one thing in mind here also horticulture. You can do horticulture which is the golden revolution. We have read that the production of vegetables, fruits, flowers or mental flowers in a small area that is called as horticulture, the production of fishes is called pisciculture, okay and the production of seeds. What is called apiculture? Let's call it seri culture. Whose silk production is ok? Gray revolution, fertilizer, green revolution. Have you seen food? Pink revolution. Onion is ok. Onion is also there. Let's remember pink and there is one more, it is called prawn. Production Shrimp: Our shrimp is also associated with Pink Revolution, Red Revolution, Meat and Tomato, Silver Egg and Poultry White. You know about milk and white. If we talk about who is called father in India, then we call Dr. Verghese Kurien. Ok Verghese Kurien and the name of his autobiography is The Man Yes The Man Who Made The Elephant Move The Man Who Made The Elephant Move Ok keep this in mind and Verghese Kurien is known for Operation Flood. Operation Flood is associated with milk production. That is, from White Revolution to Yellow Revolution, OLC production, which is called oilseed production, Evergreen Revolution means overall development, because for a second, because of the Green Revolution, we also saw a lot of negatives in it, which we will discuss further, what about it? -Whether there were negatives, the voice is coming properly, isn't it? Once confirmed, even clear to everyone. See the next question. That is the 11th number. Select the incorrect statement about if the man who made the elephant move. Yes, the green lotion was given to him quite native. Yes. Yes. The man who made the good move I wrote here I'm sorry Sorry sorry The man who made the elephant dance OK Voice OK OK Select the incorrect statement about agar agar Incorrect Select the statements It is used in preparation of ice cream and jellies Yes It is correct It is a type of jelly It is correct It is used to grow microbes If one of the commercial products obtained from red algae Gallium and Gracilaria Yes It is correct It is used A Nutrient and Source of Bacterial Culture No, it is correct that the nutrient is not the source of fat, this is wrong here, it is of the burnt type, if you are able to see it on your screen, now the Article of the Constitution is mentioned. About the Recommendation of the Finance Commission, that is, in which article of the Indian Constitution the recommendations of the Finance Commission are mentioned. Yes, if we talk about the Finance Commission, the Finance Commission is a constitutional body. How is it known because of the article in the Constitution? That's why the constitutional article is the constitution. Now you know, there are many clauses in article 280 itself which we should know about, like clause one of 280 says that the President is every 5 years, the first thing is written in it that Just 2 years after independence, the first Finance Commission will be constituted and then he told that firstly, Clause 1 of Article 280 means that every 5 years, the President will constitute the Finance Commission, which became the first Finance Commission. Who was its Chairman? Its chairman was KC Nagi. Okay, and now the 16th Finance Commission which will sit from April 2026 in 2026, why because the 15th Finance Commission was 15 whose chairman was NK Singh, its recommendations will continue till then, so keep in mind who our 16th Finance Commission has been made. Arvind Panagariya Okay, this is the thing, then the second clause of ours that talks about that the Parliament will determine their qualification, the qualification is not written in the Constitution, if the Parliament was left out, then what will determine the qualification, we do not have to take care of everyone in the Parliament, but who There is a Chairman because it is written in the first clause itself, what will be its composition i.e. how many people will there be then its composition is 1 P 4 i.e. there will be one Chairman and four other members so the qualification of the Chairman is Public Affairs. It is written in clause number two that everyone's qualification is written as to what kind of knowledge they should have, but we do not need to remember everyone, then it is written here that it will be the duty of this person, this President of the Finance Commission of this Commission. Will give recommendations to the President on certain matters. Which matters are written on it? Okay, recommendations to the President. Fourth, whatever it is, the Finance Commission, it will perform its functions, it will perform its functions as determined by the Parliament, that is, its functions are determined by the Parliament. If he does so , these are written in four clauses. Now it is written here that Recommendation of the Finance Commission, here Clause 3 of Article 280 also talks about it, but what does it do, it will recommend the President in these matters, but which is article number 281. He says that he will give his recommendations to the President and the President will present them in the Parliament and any recommendations that the President gives will be of non-binding nature, that is, they will not be binding on the President that he will have to accept it and to whom will the President present this in the Parliament? In the Parliament of the country, this much is clear, we move forward towards the close of Chandragupta Maurya's rule, a terrible woman, mine broke out in South Bihar, Dash and his deserts, migrated Shavan Belgola in Karnataka, Jamu, Indra Bhooti, ​​Bhadrabahu or Sthul Bhadra, only he was Bhadra. Bahu Jo along with some of his disciples, plus Chandragupta Maurya also went here and it was he who performed Salle Khana in Shavan Bilgola Karnataka, which is also in the news and may ask questions because recently, Acharya Vidyasagar ji He had done the same thing, who was a Jain monk, he had also done Salle Khana i.e. giving up his life without eating anything. Now when these people migrated from here, if we discuss a little about Chandragupta Maurya, this Magadha Was there a ruler? Was there a ruler? Was he one of the most powerful rulers? What is Magadha? These were our 16 Mahajanapadas that used to exist, about which I thought, we have not discussed yet but okay, let's understand here that there are 16 Mahajanapadas. Mahajanapadas used to exist in which your Magadha was the most powerful. Among the 16 Mahajanapadas, the most powerful was Magadha which was in the south of river Ganga or between Ganga and Son. Tha Son River is a tributary tributary of Ganga. It has many dynasties. One of the dynasties that came was Maurya Dynasty. Its first ruler was Chandragupta Maurya. Okay, Chandragupta Maurya was his name and what did he do. He defeated Dhananand and sat on the throne. Dhananand was ruling before him. Nand dynasty was going on. So Dhananand was sitting on the throne, with whose help Dhananand was defeated, Kautilya, who has other different names, Vishnugupta is Chanakya, who wrote the book on economics, we know this, then this is Chandragupta Maurya, what happened that gradually when his empire When he was expanding his career, he had to go to South India due to his femininity. Shivan Belgola, a festival of yours is performed here in Karnataka, which we call Mahamat Abhishek in Karnataka. This Mahamat Abhishek remains the same here. Meaning, a very big statue of Gomateshwar Bahubali has been built. A very big statue of Gomateshwar Bahubali has been built where it is performed. Who was this Gomateshwar Bahubali? He was the first son of the Jain religion. He was his son and his There is a very big structure built there. Rishabh Dev ji's son whose name is Gomateshwar Bahubali is worshiped there. So when these people went to South India and then when they came back again, where in Bihar when this When he came back to Magadha again, he found that those people who had not gone with him and had not kept company with him, they had started wearing white clothes and these people were not wearing clothes, so that is why. There are Jain councils. Look, there are two Jain councils. Just tell me how many Buddhist councils were held in total. Similarly, there were two Jain councils. The first one was held in your Patliputra which is today's Patna and the second one was held in Vallabhi in Gujarat. I was the one of yours, the one who had done that, in a way, had led it and Bhadra Bahu had boycotted it, the other one because Bhadra Bahu said, look brother, we are not the same bro, why do you wear white clothes? If we don't wear clothes, then we can say that he became the leader of Digambara sect, meaning amber is his clothes i.e. sky is his only cloth and what did he do with the physical wealth he led Shwetambara sect. If done, Shwetambar and Diga were divided into two sects in the Second Jain Council, so for now you have to remember these things, rest we will read more about Maurya and in what ways he expanded his empire. Okay, let's move ahead Dash. A Native of Baghdad Wrote Akhbar Al Zaman The History of Time Dash, a native of Baghdad, wrote Akhbar Al Zaman The History of Time Who was A Native of Baghdad This was Al Masoudi Option Number Third Ibn Battuta who came from Morocco Whose Time Pe He had come during the time of Mohammed bin Tughlaq and had also visited the Vijayanagara Empire. Yesterday I told you in the last class that in the Sangam Age, the founder of our book Hariharan, who was the founder of the entire Vijayanagara Empire and the Sangam Dynasty, had come during his time and Where did he come from, Morocco and what is the name of his book, Rila, he wrote it. If we talk about any such traveller, then let me tell you, during the time of Chandragupta Maurya, a Greek traveler Megasthenes came, who sent him, who sent him, Celik. Nicator: This Celik Nicator was defeated by Chandragupta Maurya ji and he also married his daughter Helina. He had written the book Indika and in the book he had written Indika, in this he described the thing that the society in India was divided into seven varnas. But in actual this thing was divided into four letters, earlier we still use the same thing and now what Kotal wrote in Arthashastra shows that there were four letters, he had written it wrong, okay, so in seven letters he said in Indica, Megasthenes Now let us see something else which was written by the chroniclers like the chronicler of the time of Iltutmish, his name was Minhaj Siraj, ok whose time is this? Minhaj Al Siraj, this is the chronicler of the time of Iltutmish, chronicler means historian, he wrote a book . Whose name was Ta Baaq or Tabaqat-e-Nasiri, in this book he told how Iltutmish's daughter Razia Sultan was the first Memon Muslim ruler of the medieval India and was a more capable ruler as compared to her brothers . Ok then there is one Tarikhe Firozshahi Tarikhe Firoz Shahi where it was told about Firoz Shah Tughlaq and also one is your Fatwa Jahan Dari ok Fatwa e Jahan Dari who wrote both these books by Ziauddin Bara and another book was and that was what was his name Here Yaya is fine, Yaya bin Ahmed Sir Hindi is fine, Yaya Bin Ahmed Sir Hindi is fine, who wrote this, Mubarak, meaning which one did he write? Okay, Yaya Bin Ahmed Sir Hindi is not known like this, the name of the book is fine, this is the name of the guy, he wrote it Mubarak Shahi is ok. Mubarak Shahi wrote it. Yaya bin Sirhindi wrote it. Option number 3 is ok. The answer will be given. Akbar Al Zaman wrote it. Al Masoodi is ok and good. And I am giving you a homework. Ok, whatever is the term of this. Will search the meaning What is the meaning of date Date is ok let's come 15 Ch of the following is a draw back of the barter system of exchange Which of the following is a drawback of the barter system of exchange i.e. there is a draw back of the barter What is the exchange of water ? Brother, you have something that I need, I have something that you need, so come and let's exchange, this is called water exchange, but what is it, meaning, this is the example. Like suppose I have wheat, you want wheat, I and I have rice, okay, I have wheat, you want wheat, you have rice, I want rice, okay, so this is the example I was trying to give, so now because if you assume That I want wheat, suppose I want rice, you do not have rice, then you want wheat and I do not have wheat, then what will happen here, then what will happen, there will be a problem, then okay, there will be a problem, and in such a situation, what will happen in this system then? That means that if there is a lack of double coincidence of wants here, then the system will not work. It is difficult to carry forward one's wealth under the water system. Yes, let's assume that I have a lot of grain stored in my possession. All the wheat is now a perishable product, it will rot, that's fine, suppose I have a lot of tomatoes, so I can't carry forward a little of it. Today, suppose I have ₹ lakhs. Okay, now this is 10 After a year, after 20 years, after 50 years, if I keep them 5 lakhs then 5 lakhs of 5 lakhs will remain with me. I can pass them on to my generation but cannot be passed on in Bata system, so the answer will be both. A & B, that's why we developed the system, that's why we developed the system, the money is okay, that's why the system of currency came here, okay, and the money we have is of different types, like there is a fit money, it works fine today. Our plastic money is also very popular these days. Our fiduciary is like a fiduciary. What happens in a check is that it will work only if there is a mutual agreement between both the people. You accept that I have bought a product from you and me. He took it and said take this cheque, if I refuse then you can't do anything that brother you will have to take the cheque, how can it be like this but if I refuse to take the quick money then you can do it because that There is a legal currency and it is backed by the Central Government of the country. As you see in the note, it is written that I pledge to pay so many rupees to the holder in this way and his signature is the RBI Governor. So if you reject it, if it is a legal currency then you may get into trouble but if you can accept the cheque, then what is fiduciary? There should be an agreement. What happens in plastic money? Your credit card has become a debit card. Done, all these cards come in plastic money Alright in which year did Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan Ajum the Office of the First Vice President of India i.e. in which year did Dr. Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan take office as the first Vice President of India 1950 1951 1954 or 1952 So Sarvepalli Radhakrishna was the first and the longest serving Vice President of India and he became in 1952, okay and he was the second President, do you know like Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan became the Vice President after this, Zakir Hussain ji was his. The one who became the Vice President later was VV Giri. Now do you know that it was Rajendra Prasad ji whose autobiography we just saw. The autobiography is fine. When did he become the President? On January 24, 1950, I told you that he was elected as the first President of India. By the Constant Assembly, he was the first President and was also the longest serving President. He was the President of India from 1950 to 1962. He became the second President, he became the second President, he became the third President and he became the fourth President. He died. He died when he became the President, thirdly when he became the President, he died and then Justice VV Giri fell. We had seen how when someone died, we know that when the President is no more, the Vice President becomes the acting President and there are re-elections, if there is death, resignation, etc. or removal. When it was given, VV Giri, who was there at that time, had to become the President as per the rules but he refused and said that he would contest the election for the President because if he had become then he would have been made permanent for a few days and if not, then what did he do? He contested in the election. And Justice M Hidayatullah, who was the CJI at that time, then became the acting President. Justice M Hidayatullah is ok, so the correct answer here would be option number fourth 1952. If we talk about the Vice President, then only he is the X of Fish Chairman of Rajya Sabha. At this time, you must be seeing a lot in the news that MPs are giving speeches in Lok Sabha, Rajya Sabha, MPs are giving their speeches, Members of Parliament, among them all, there is only one face which is MP. No, there is only one face, that of the Vice President, that of Jagdeep Dhankar, who is the 14th Vice President of India. At this time, you know that the Motion of Thanks is going on, right now I am not telling you that Motion of Thanks, okay where? But let us tell you what happens in the Motion of Thanks. In the Motion of Thanks, the article number is 87. Under this, the speech made by the President has to be passed. Q. The President is the President of the country, he is present in every session. KST means the first session of every year and the first session that is held after every general election, it addresses that and if the government has to be passed then there is a debate going on about the same, you must have heard that brother, I am the President's I accept the speech in this way. In this way, you must have heard that while speaking in the last place, when everyone was finishing his speech, it is called Motion of Thanks, especially the government people. At that time, you Out of all the faces we were seeing, at that time only Jagdeep Dhankar ji was the one who is not an MP, because whoever becomes the Vice President automatically becomes the Chairman of the Rajya Sabha, this article number 64 says but he is not a member of Parliament. Those who are the Speaker of the Lok Sabha, like Om Birla, he is the Chairman, he is the Press Reading Officer of the Lok Sabha, along with that he is also a member of the Lok Sabha, only then you must have heard that he is Nishikant Dubey ji, he is an MP from Jharkhand, so he is Rahul Gandhi. Had made allegations that when we went, we stood straight and when Modi ji went, he bowed down to shake hands with Om Bedla. Om Bedla, he said that thing to that thing right there, right, what did he say, what did he mean? They don't speak about our values ​​like this, okay, in this way, they said all the things that brother, the origin of an MP increases with him, okay, so they said all these things, so all these people are members of Parliament, but what is ours? The Vice President is not a member of Parliament, that is why if a resolution for his removal is going on, he cannot vote. Okay, first instance, let's move ahead. The historical Sher Sasari Marg is called the National Highway Number Dash between Delhi and Amritsar. The historical Sher Sa Suri route is called National Highway Number Dash between Delhi and Amritsar. If we go to my control, then let us talk about Sher Sa Suri Mar here. If we are talking about Sher Sa Suri Mar here, then 9 is one or seven is the National Highway Number which is first. It is National Highway Number First which is Sher Sasri Marg in Delhi and Amritsar actually which is GT Road which is Grand Trunk Road which runs from Chit Gang Bangladesh to Kabul Afghanistan and which is part of India in it. Which starts from Kolkata, it has been divided into two sections, one is the Delhi Amritsar to Amritsar section, which is called National Highway Number One and the other is A2 National Highway Number Two, this is the Delhi-Kolkata section, the Delhi-Kolkata section. Your section is called National Highway Number Two. Talking about Shershah Suri, his original name was Farid Khan and we have seen that he was the son of a landlord of Bihar. This Sher Sasri Farid Khan was his original name and He defeated Humayun. He was an Afghan. He defeated Humayun in two battles, one was the Battle of Chausa in 1539 and the Battle of Kannauj in 1540, which is known as the Battle of Billy Gram. He defeated him and the lion. The essence of Suri's administration is that it was adopted by Humayun's son Akbar. The GT Road that was built had inns built in between. What were the inns? Was it a place to stop like that? The GT Road that he had built was exactly like Sher Sasari's. The mausoleum that you will get to see is in Sasaram, Bihar. Death is there. This one took place in the fort of Kalinjar, but that one is in Sasaram, Bihar, okay, and what else here, we should know which is the longest national highway, okay, Longest National Highway, Longest National Water Way, Water Way. Which one is this? If we talk about National Highway then it is N 44. National Highway number is 44 which runs from where to where. This is yours. Srinagar to Kanyakumari. This is your longest. If we talk about National Waterway then it is the longest. This is the National Waterway number one, which river is it in? It is called Ganga Bhagirathi Hooghly System. It is called Ganga Bhagirathi Hooghly Bhagirathi Hooghly. Which river is this? It is the distributor of Ganga. As Ganga goes, there is a place named Farakka West from here. From there in Bengal, Hooghly is formed, which is also called Bhagirathi Hooghly. We are the national water way number which is two. The second one is on which river is it? It is on the Brahmaputra river. Alright, let's move ahead. When did United Nations declare that this is UN? The World Physics Year Also Known as the Einstein Year to Mark the 100th Anniversary of the Physicist Albert Einstein Physics When did the United Nations declare the World Physics Year, also known as Einstein Year, to commemorate the centenary of Albert Einstein? What did we read about Albert Einstein? Firstly, we read that he had given the Theory of Relativity i.e. the theory of relativity e = mc1 but he did not get the Nobel for this. He got the Nobel for the photoelectric effect but at the same time We had read about the photoelectric effect, which says that if you put a light in a metal in this way, what happens to it is that electrons are ejected, only then the ejector will have that much wave and that much energy which will surpass it. It will do this with its wavelength which is that if you have metal particles in it, then only that ejector will not be there if it is less and if it is equal then it will just pop out without any velocity. This thing was mentioned in photoelectric effect but in actual it The first concept that was put forward was by Heinrich Hades and we saw that by Heinrich Hertz, he was the one who had put forward the concept of electromagnetic waves, the concept of which waves are electromagnetic was also not kept as 100 Hertz J and whose unit is Hertz? Let us tell you in the comments, but actually, the way it worked was done by Albert Einstein. He received the Nobel Prize in 1921 and in 2005 we celebrated his 100th anniversary. The United Nations had declared this thing as electromagnetic. You should remember the entire electromagnetic spectrum from the wave. And what kind of waves are our electromagnetic waves? These are transverse waves where the particles of the medium vibrate perpendicularly to the direction of propagation of the wave and we had remembered that. Rich Man in Rhea Use Extra Gold Coins Radio Wave Microwaves Infrared Waves Visible Light and Ultraviolet Race Sir, no, it has infrared. Okay, it has infrared. Abhijeet is asking. I think, yes? And if we talk about ultraviolet, then take care of it. Johann Wilhelm Ritter had discovered it like in X-race, so let me tell you. Ranjan had already done this and he was the first person to receive the Nobel Prize. Ranjan was the first person to receive the Nobel Prize. If we talk about the meaning of X-ray in Physics, then to Johann Willam Ritter he had discovered Ultra Violet which is UV rays and was the first person to receive the Nobel Prize. Who was our Madam Curie? Madam Curie got the Nobel. Madam Curie and her husband were Pierre Curie and we saw that Henry Beckel had also got Nobel. Who is Beckel who discovered radio activity? SI unit which is Radio Dharmita. Polonium is a radioactive element. Polonium was discovered by Madame Curie. The North Western Region of India receives rainfall in winter due to the north of India. Rainfall in winter in the western region occurs due to the following reasons: Hash Snow Storms Western Disturbances Eastern Disturbances The Summer Monsoon What causes rainfall in winters? So this is talking about the North Western region, so actually understand here now for you. Someone was asking, Sir, what is the climate of the Mediterranean Sea, so now you will tell what is the climate of Tropic of Cancer, this is Tropic of Cancer, this is the Tropic of Cancer, so this is Mediterranean Sea, now you will tell what is its Copham classification. It happens and I give a hint, there is no rain here in summer, it rains in winter. Now tell me what happens. Here you can see how disturbances are being generated, why are disturbances being generated because such a condition creates atmospheric condition. Cyclonic conditions are formed in which a cyclone is formed. I have not read it yet and I am not even telling you about it. Understand it like this. A cyclone is formed around a low pressure and this is the center of the cyclone. If you are able to see carefully, this is the center. This is called the eye of the cyclone. So when it rotates like this, actually when cyclonic disturbances are created here, which jet stream is going from here? What is this jet stream? In the upper troposphere, there are very high velocity winds in the upper troposphere. What they do is that they lift it and bring it here in Pakistan, Afghanistan and here in the North Western part of India. What happens because of this is that when they come here during the winter time in India, the temperature here increases at night. Why will the temperature increase because think for yourself, this is the land of night. It is only time that the heat goes out. Now you should understand that the light and heat that comes from the sun is called incoming solar radiation and it is in the format of short wavelength. Short wave and whatever goes out is in the format of long wave and when it is emitted at night, if clouds come here in the form of long wave, then they will not allow the heat to escape due to which the temperature of the night increases. And we know the rain that occurs here by the name of Mahavat. Keep in mind, I hope I am pronouncing it correctly. The people of Rajasthan will tell you that once they call it Mahavat, what is this? Western Disturbance . They say Western Disturbance. Where is it originating from, from the Mediterranean Sea, who else is bringing it by jet steam, now I had asked about the coupon classification here, if it is just above this, then which one will we use, that is, if it is warm temperate. Capital C It does not rain in summer i.e. summer is dry then small A Capital C will become small S Kopan classification is ok let's see the last question and that is identification Did you get identification only in 12 to 35 ok Fundamental rights This is in 12 It is written in the definition 13 of the state that if any law is against the fundamental rights then it will be declared null and void and 32. By the way, if the meaning depends even a little on the question, then it will not be so short, you have asked fundamental. Right but there is a little bit of fundamental right in the laboratory, it starts from 14 and goes till 32, in 12 there is definition of state, in 13 it is told about the law that it will become null and void and then after that it is written that how. If martial law is imposed then fundamental rights will not apply. Then it is written in it how only Parliament can make laws. In article 35, only Parliament can make laws. Then it is written in article 34 regarding martial law and in article 33 it is written that army forces. Those who are personal will not get the fundamental rights, they can be completely repealed by the Parliament, if it is fine then it depends, actually it is from 14 to 32. Okay, so what will be the correct answer here? Incorrect Pair LongedXXX Our Kiss We belong to the phylum. We taught it only yesterday, we were not able to tell. We will kill by throwing the stick down. You are telling us right. Okay, so tell us quickly. Green algae are algae, which phylum do they belong to? Amoeba and ours are ginger. It grows from anywhere, like an amoeba, it can be this shape, it can be this shape, it can be any shape, okay, some other types also sometimes form shapes, and this one has a brother. this is called Paramecium, the shape it has, it is slipper shaped, slipper shaped, like slippers, it has some shape like this and in this way, it has appendages. What are the appendages, which are hair like structures which help in moving? They help us, it is called cilia, okay, what is it called cilia, this is what we call it, Paramecium, okay, this is right, this is right, this is right, but the nerve cell is not long, if we talk about the nerve cell, the first thing is the muscle. They have cells, let's discuss now but what are nerve cells? Neurons that constitute our nervous system. The system of the system i.e. the nervous system, so we call it neo, which means which cells the entire nervous system is made up of. Neurons. It is made up of what are called nerve cells, just as the kidney is made up of Nephrons, the kidney is made up of Nephron cells, that is why the doctor with kidney is called Nephrologist, the one with brain is called Neurologist, now the structure of neuron. That is Camelio Golgi had given it, it was a black reaction, which reaction was it, keep it in mind, memorize it, it was a black reaction, now here you can see, he has given the structure of the neuron, what is its shape, it is star shaped, here and a tail is attached. If seen from where it is, it is lollipop shaped. It is like this lollipop. Is it something like this? Otherwise, what you can see here is the miller dendrite. These are the hair like structures that you are able to see. This is called as cell. This is called body, this is called cell body, which you are seeing, it is inside you, the nucleus is sitting in the center, this is a tail like structure, which we call the whole egg, this whole stick like thing you are seeing, it is called egg and where It ends in 'A' and is called axon terminal. In between you can see this covering. What is this? Mylan Sheet. What is this? Mylan Sheet and the nodes in between are called nodes of Ranveer. Nodes of Ranveer and these are You can see the cells, we call them Schwann cells, okay, we call them Schwann cells, and there are more cells here, which we call glia cells, we call them glia cells, okay, which is more than a neuron, there is one neuron in the neuron. Many street cells are present, okay and here is the axon terminal here and what it does here is that a neuron takes information from the dendrite, passes it on from the axon terminal and gives the information to another neuron and transmits it to its dendrite. Now a We call the gap between a neuron and two neurons and another neuron. What do we call it ? What do we call it? You have to keep this thing in mind. Okay, now let us talk a little about muscle cells. So muscle cells are our three. There are two types of muscles: skeletal smooth and cardiac. Ask which one is where and see what is the difference. Skeletal muscle is of voluntary nature. Voluntary means that which we can control, like the muscle of my biceps whenever I want. Then I can use it, right? I can use it, as I contract it, my biceps will start appearing a little more extended type, because it is voluntary, it depends on my actions, it is a smooth muscle which is involute because it is our Visceral organs are present there. Visceral organs in the sense are included in your visceral organ like intestine, liver, pancreas, pancreas, yours which is in females and ours. The iris of the eye, can we control it by ourselves? Can we control the iris? When we cannot contract and relax, we can do the digestion that is doing our work as per our wish. Brother, you have just had your meal and had to go out for a little while. Control your digestion quickly and get the digestion done quickly. Otherwise, it is under your control. Otherwise, wherever it is of this volatile nature, you can immediately understand that wherever there will be bone, there will be bone. It will be the skeletal muscle of voluntary nature. Wherever there is a smooth big organ and there is no bone structure like this, then it will be a smooth muscle by the name of cardiac. These are the cells of our heart, we call them cardiac muscle cells. Now nature. All of them are elongated and what is the difference. Now first of all you have to remember what is their location and whether these are voluntary or not. There are other differences like you can see, how is this a branch, that is, branches are visible in it. So this is the only branch Then if we talk about what these two are, they are uni-nuclei. Uni-nuclei means that there is one nucleus each, but you see in this, there are many nuclei embedded in one, one in it and only one nucleus in the cell. If it has multi nucleating, then it is okay, so our nerve cells are not oblong, they are slightly star shaped and oval shaped, and which phylum do algae belong to, do they belong to Thallophyta, okay, they belong to Thallophyta, let's move ahead. And keep in mind in Amoeba, what is the form of reproduction in Amoeba, then there is binary fusion in it, fission occurs where two are formed, then we call it binary fusion and the one that spreads malaria also belongs to the family of protozoa. It is called Plasmodium and what is Plasmodium, there is multiple fusion in it, what kind of asexual reproduction is called multiple fusion, it ends in this, now whose time comes, we will shorten the current affairs, let's clear the current affairs by two questions, how much till now What score did everyone get? Let's move ahead, so the first question of current affairs is: Who has been appointed as the new chairperson of NGT? Who is the new chairperson of National Green Tribunal? Now this NGT is a. Just tell in which constitution it is. Which article talks about the NGT and Prakash Srivastava has become its new chairperson. Manoj Soni sir is the current chairman of UPSC. If we talk about Arun Kumar Mishra ji, if we talk about National Human Rights Commission, he is the chairman of NHRC. If we talk about S Raman ji, then SIDBI. That is, he is the Chairman of Small Industries Development Bank of India. If we talk about NGT, it is not a constitutional body, hence it does not have any article in the Constitution. It is a statutory body. What is a statutory body? It is formed through an Act. There is no article in the Constitution, which is the Act of 2010, what is a non-statutory body, which neither has any article in the Constitution nor is created through law, it is created through an executive resolution, please tell in the comment. He will give you an example of such a body. Let me give you a hint. It was created by replacing the Planning Commission. Okay, so in 2010, this Act was passed which gives it the power to set up a tribunal for whatever environmental disputes arise. If we talk about UPSC then it is UPSC or our Public Service Commission which talks about UPSC State PSC and in which constitution is the part number, part number, it is in part number 14 of the Indian Constitution, it is in the 14th article number from article number 315. It is given between 315 and 323. Talking about NHRC, again it is a statutory body. UPSC is constitutional but it is a statutory body. An Act was passed in 1993, Protection of Human Rights Act. I repeat again. Protection of Human Rights Acts, it was created in 1993 and if we talk about SIDBI, then you have to remember where its head quarter is located, its head quarter is located in Lucknow, similarly our SEBI is Security and Exchange Board. Of India , whether it is SIDBI or SEBI, it is also a statutory body. If we talk about SIDBI, it was created through an Act which was made in 1990, SEBI was made in 1988, but the Act which came was in 1992 and its Its head quarter is in Mumbai and Madhavi Puri Buch is its current chairman. Madhavi Puri Buch and the last question is some question, did I ask here? No, yes, he asked, tell me the name of an executive body or a non-statutory body. NITI Aayog will become the National Institute for Transforming India. It is neither created by an Act nor has any article in the Constitution. It is a non-statutory and executive body. All right is India One Men's Hockey Asian Championship 23 by defeating which country is Pakistan, Sri Lanka, Malaysia or Bangladesh. It was defeated. It was defeated by Malaysia. Where did it happen? It happened in Chennai. Okay, it happened in Chennai and who did it defeat? Malaysia has two cups associated with your hockey in Malaysia itself. You have to keep in mind Sultan Azlan Shah Cup. And Sultan Johar Cup, okay, these two are your important cups which are associated with which hockey, how many players are there in hockey, there are 11 players, some terms are associated like dribbling which term. We have seen that it is from hockey, it is from football and it is from basketball, which is hockey term, okay and here our lecture ends, so this is the part four PDF course of your PI, where you will get the notes in English, in Hindi, okay. Notes in English Notes in Hindi Like this End Piva You will get the notes of previous Piva series and also of To series here, rest once you will see how the notes are, I would advise that you make these notes yourself first. If you can't make it, there is an issue of time, then only refer the notes and what kind of notes they will be, it is one of your demo or sample notes uploaded in your Parmar SSC Bhai Saheb will also show you Rishabh Gupta Sir, I live in Kanpur Sachendi, I will definitely come to meet you after selection. Why not and let's meet tomorrow friend, I was in a mood off since this morning in the meditation session, I mean, what would the students be thinking that I gave the pill on the first day, but what can I do, okay, sometimes things go beyond control, so I advise. So let me tell you that if things were beyond control then I should not feel too proud but today I felt a little guilty but I tried not to feel guilty but still it happens but it is the same. What can we do now, we are apologizing to you, just fold our hands and let's start from tomorrow. Okay , everyone will come by 6 in the morning. Come on brother, why is the CHSL review not coming Kuldeep? Meena ji, review of CHSL and one more thing, you have to read the PPT, those who don't know, you will get it on Parma Agram, okay then PDF, sorry, what is it, are the same questions coming every day, okay, you can check it in the community post there. But the students post what questions come, okay, from there you get to know. I think many people have already asked, so there is not that much need now. Thank you, everyone gets thanked at the same time and be regular again. I repeat again and again that people who are regular will not be able to succeed because they will not be able to remain regular till the end, it is not the case for everyone, everyone will find some excuse that they will do it later, they will do it, here all the subjects are mixed. This will not be possible, you will have to put aside the excuses. Okay, let's sit and strangle the heart. Does this mean anything? Deepanshu, it must have some meaning, but where do you have to come for meditation? You have to come to our home for meditation. Haven't you seen yesterday's video? If Krishna Murthy says don't do meditation then don't do it. If he says so then what should Rishi Vines say now? Sir , you get religious teaching etc. in Madrasa. Article 28 is not government aided by government. If you are investing your own money, if it is not government aided, if you are investing your own money then you can get religious instruction there. I said it is fine in government aided schools. Thank you, Kajal Gupta ji. Please repeat again and see the classification because Meaning of telling again, I will tell the same thing again, I will not tell anything new and I told each one in the simplest format, so it is an obvious thing, you should see it again, it will become clear, this is the advantage of online, okay sir, yours is fine. thank you thank you everyone