Hello kids how are you all welcome back our channel my name is priya and today we Will start the properties of amies i.e. In today's lecture we will talk about our amine molecule Under which the properties will be covered We will discuss the physical and chemical properties we will do it because obviously whenever we When we hear the word properties then our Only physical and chemical in the mind He is distinguished and when we If we observe deeply inside ourselves then we will find this It turns out that physical observations or physical properties so all those properties in which we will move the molecule a little higher By looking from above one can understand as if for For example, I saw his status, which one he was Solid liquid is existing in the state Or what color is it in the gaseous state? what about existence showing its own Is there any solution for the order? because in that when we Its solidity doesn't break when we boil it If we do that then the molecule doesn't break We got there based on his interactions its solubility or biological property we have to discuss it whereas if we use chemical When you start talking about properties We hear about chemical properties since childhood. are coming that the chemical properties It means a property in which you There is some change in form inside the molecule existence show ho hai, that is ours It was a molecule, it changed something If you are observing then when we get somewhere Do not observe any change inside the molecule If it happens, it means that he has done something If you have participated in any reaction Inside chemical properties we look at chemical Let us discuss the reactions that our In which reactions is he missing his If we do a participation show then here we have amine's own chemical reactions have to discuss and those physical We are yet to discuss the properties A lot of information about Amin we have gathered like we have at Amin's Starting with the structure, Nomenclature But since we have come here in today's lecture we So we will discuss its properties Let's begin with the physical properties of amiss so as I told you that As soon as you know about physical properties I have to think of something in your mind These strike some points directly that What will be the state of that molecule, order What will be the color of that molecule What will be the solubility and boiling point? How will it be and also more physical may have properties such as melting what would be the point of that molecule What will be the freezing point of the molecule But here I have listed these properties These are the same properties that you have mentioned Which is mentioned in your NCERT If we have discussed then we will discuss these properties If we understand it a little better, then when we If we talk about Amin's state then the state The first thing that comes to our mind is The question should be struck as to who is this in which state i.e. solid, liquid, gas Aghast men show themselves in form So when the molecule was observed We found out that our primary They are amines if they have fewer carbon atoms such as three to five carbon atoms in between if there is a molecule in it If there is presence of carbon atom then it Agist Molecule in Liquid Form and as we move towards higher amis will move to higher carbon in those molecules The presence of atoms will make it solid To show your existence towards nature Will it be similar to case with secondary amis and similar is the turk amin s you will get this We have to keep in mind that our smaller Molecules are in our liquid form let's show existence and as we movement towards higher molecules He shows our existence in solid form If we start doing it then this is what we have done first physical property there if we Talk about the order of the molecule and what it is produces a type of smell when If we were to talk about Amin, there would be much in Amin There is a foul smell, you should not bear it if we can wait for longer then we will know It seems that Amin Na is not fruitful They show a very fishy smell They have a foul smell so you can use this You can also discuss your property Plus inside the physical prop tees when we If we talk about the color of the molecule, then There is talk of the color of the amine, right? the variable comes from here the variable What do we mean when we talk about Amin? specially our aromatic amines aromatic Which amines are amines, such amines which have Presence of any aromatic structure inside ho like for example annalene annalene us what do we have a benzene molecule on which our nh2 molecule present so what is this we have anline which is a primary amine which is primary aromatic amine which is our color This is the case with primers we use for aromatic amines Discussing the presence of aromatic amines in A colour exhibition has the property but What observation do we get here that When we usually talk about our aromatic acids If they do then they are our colorless But as soon as they are exposed to atmospheric oxygen that is, as soon as this atmosphere These guys do a reaction show with 'em from somewhere Oxygen is also available, this is oxidation if it goes inside them then these molecules are ours Shows the presence of coloured compounds from colourless ones They start doing what they were earlier, these colorless ones but it seemed as if they needed oxygen from somewhere Where does this oxidation come from? happens to these molecules then that Molecules form our coloured compounds I start showing my existence So what do we learn from here that our there's a molecule inside it you'll find aromatic There will be some variation in the color of the amies Inside they are colorless at first, but as Their oxidation happens and they become coloured Show your existence inside compounds If we do this then this is some basic physical Now our physical properties have become The properties left are solubility and biological but both of these physical properties Before discussing you should read this article Know about the interactions of molecules it should be because as long as you How will you not discuss the interaction? Shows interactions with your molecules from do it with other molecules The interaction you show inside them is that you Solubility and boiling point you will not be able to identify it because what does solubility mean that your molecule with a particular solvent What type of solubility is it showing inside how much is that When you do a disoldering test then you Do you observe how much amount of sugar is there? in your water Dissolution happens because of what Because there is no difference between water and sugar If there is any interaction then simply when we The amine molecule is a water molecule will interact with him with his will form bonds due to which it Water will try to mix with it In the spaces available he can write his own He will set the position and from there he will by showing interactions with molecules will show solubility in observation how much soluble our molecule is similarly when we talk about biological so what does biological mean is that our The molecules that we have considered are so We heat it up to such a temperature that it vaporizes starts happening and when does vape rice happen when Our Molecule Assistance If I am doing some interaction show then these are our interactions if we If you break them then only they will vaporize If there are any then anyone will be needed to break them the particular temperature of a particular heat If there is a requirement then the particular These bonds break when they reach the temperature we go to that temperature we call it bolic point because after that temperature This molecule starts to vaporize if it goes then it means that the solubility and to discuss the biological properties For this we need to discuss its interactions so when we get inside the molecule When we talk about interactions, we get this It appears that our primary and Secondary amines are those which have hydrogen atoms due to which this hydrogen can do bonding shows because when we Let's talk about primary and secondary Amin our primary aim is rnh2 Whereas secondary amines are our r aad These molecules are our secondary amines There is hydrogen inside both these molecules There is presence of atom but if we look at it Talking about Amans, what will happen in that case This hydrogen of yours is also from some alkane group If it gets replaced then at that time your There is only presence of hydrogen atoms and if there is no hydrogen atom at all So what type of interaction will he show? Hydrogen bonding will not show at all And for that reason you will find it in Tersh Amis Edge truth No interactions are observed So we mainly have our primary and secondary along with amines our solubility and Let's discuss the bowling points which are our Tersh amis is its solubility and biological You bring this point to a very low level You will say primary, then secondary and then When it is Tersh Amin's turn, it means When they were showing hydrogen bond, somewhere Nana somewhere inside them there is inter molecular Associations will be intermolecular What is meant by associations is that they are a molecule with another molecule showing his interaction, now it is possible is it with other similar molecules Is he doing an interaction show or something else? Showing interaction with molecules Similar molecules means there may be that this primary Amin of yours is Shows interaction with other primary amines is he doing it or is this also your possibility It could be that your primary Amin This is due to some water molecule or some organic Showing interaction with solvent So the type of interaction that you have is What type of association are you observing? on the same basis here we sell the properties we will discuss this one molecule when Interaction with other solvents Let's discuss like water or something organic solvent at that time we using intermolecular associations Discussing Solubility Property but when we look at these molecules Interaction with similar molecules i.e. One primary Amin has another same primary Discussing interactions with Amin of one secondary amine to another same secondary If you are discussing with Amin then do this interaction we have bolic point Property results come from here What we discovered is that intermolecular We can achieve solubility by using associations And the Boiler Point defines both these properties. we can discuss in which first of all we If we start with solubility then when we When we talk about solubility then the most First we will look at our Universal Solvent which is water if we consider it then when we If we observe the interaction of then we get It is evident that the one who is our Amin molecules specifically, which are our primary Shows very good interaction with Amin But this interaction with the water molecule You will not observe this at every level What does it mean to not observe at every level that as you move towards your higher aim you will make movement means such Amins whose yours inside Alkynes If the number of atoms increases then that What will happen in case you have the interaction it will start decreasing what will happen with this you have your hydrogen bonding Now hydrogen will start decreasing why would bonding decrease because hydrogen bonding your these amines these are forming groups but If this is your Alkynes will hinder these other water There is no interaction with the molecule will give because of which overall your hydrogen bonding got decreased and his Solubility is that it decreases with water If it happens then what do we know from here that which is our lower Amin are lower amines they are soluble in water but as we move higher from here moving towards Amin It is because of Higher Amin that we have Solubility is of water Inside she starts to decline, why? The First Region decrees that from here We start to observe steric drain the other thing is you can also say that when We're here to talk about our amine molecule. If we discuss the structure then here We divide the structure into two parts one of which we can have is this The hydrophilic part is and secondly we have the hydrophobic part Would and is hydrophilic and hydrophobic We already know the meaning of the words Hydrophilic means water loving and Hydrophobic means water rippling so if your molecules have The hydrophobic part will increase because your amine molecule is only this much then that molecule will remain with the water The interaction will start to decrease but same if you look at the interaction of this molecule Disinfect with an organic solvent If you start doing it then its sole will be there Solubility is higher than the solubility of the amine of organic solvents It will start increasing with time, why increase will start happening because whatever is your organic These are solvents of similar nature are like your Alkynes are hydrophobic even in solvents If there is presence of the part then here You will get non polar non polar Asistencia that those who are polar are better in polar From Disoldering This is part of polar nature and our If the molecule is of alkynes nature then If the non polar part inside increases then its Solubility in a nonpolar solvent Also you will get more here Any organic solvent can be considered like you can consider alcohol you can consider hagen you can consider ether you can consider benzene as much as you can Any organic solvents are possible I will tell you here about the solubility of Amis will be observed specially for the case of Higher Amis then this is our Amin's There will be talk of solubility but now the The question arises that when we look at the molecules Solubility in water or any other in the molecule Disoldering comparison started specially with our alcohol molecule because What is inside alcohol do you have o There is presence of group and in Amin what do you have in nh2 group there is presence so here when we and if we compare the oxygen atoms Which atoms are these of yours? These are absolutely yours. having similar atomic numbers i.e. exactly together in atomic number you have nitrogen and You have brought oxygen very close to me if you do this in your periodic table then its Because of this we compare it here that our molecules, especially those Nitrogen Containing Molecules and Oxygen containing molecules in which we have amine Consider alcohol, there are many things to consider The question is asked whether these Compare the solubility and tell us We know when we observe its solubility If we do it then we will interact with it somewhere will observe with the water molecule and Which interacts better with water molecules? in which it will make us better You will get the difference in electronegativities Because we know that whatever supplies our oxygen and nitrogen atoms these are this hydrogen will show your hydrogen bonding with But this hydrogen with which the hydrogen doing a bonding show in which there is more The difference in electronegativities will be That much better interaction inside the part If he does a show then we need them for that Know the value of electronegativity when we need nitrogen and oxygen Observe the value of electronegativity If we do, we find out that its The value is 3.0 and that of oxygen The value is 3.5 this is yours If the value of electronegativity is here then But you have a fixed amount of hydrogen is x so here when we observe here you have a particular is the electronegativities difference, and here you have a particular is the electronegativities difference and we get I know that if its value is large then Here the electronegativity difference there will be more Because of which here you have better interactions will come and because of better interactions If it shows better solubility then What we learn from here is that our alcohol molecules are their having higher electronegativity inside because of an electronegativity difference It gets created because of which we get better Hydrogen bonding is observed Age comparison in case of alcohol molecule two amine molecules and because of the same reason Alcohols are more soluble in water than Compare to amine molecule so I hope you There is no doubt about the solubility here that we will have the solubility of the molecule How to discuss similars We can easily compare even between molecules can do this and two different molecules We can easily compare in between now let's move on towards the biolic point property off molecules when we talk about biological So, as I told you, we When a molecule is within the boiling point We will talk about intermolecular associations So we can try to understand the interactions of similar molecules. We will talk like for example here I have Interaction of primary and secondary amines Show has been done in which primary Amin is second Showing interaction with primary amine and one secondary amine binds to another secondary doing an interaction show with Amin and That is what we know when it comes to Tursh Amin. So in the case of Tersh Amis, hydrogen If it is not available then any type of You do not observe the interaction So here we can easily observe that We have primary and secondary amines having electronegativities difference inside between nitrogen and hydrogen because Observe a proper hydrogen bonding and inside the primary amine Hydrogen bonding makes you observe more Getting edge comparison to secondary amine Because here you are observing that It is limited to this position but here You will find a lot of hydrogen bonding What does it mean if you are being observed that inside the primary amine the intermolecular The association is stronger Hydrogen bonding is stronger is as compared to secondary amine than you can call it Conclusion like this too has the availability of two hydrogen it can show more hydrogen bonding but if we talk about secondary Amin if you do then here you have single Hydrogen is available due to which its interaction with hydrogen Bonding is the primary comparison it is less in and due to this reason We need a strong hydrogen bonding It is observed in the case of primary Amin as compared to secondary amine now when in we compare molecules separately For the bolonic point property, we have For knowing the boiler point we need these break the hydrogen bonding interactions we have to do this because when we observe biological if we do then when do our single molecules At what temperature does our vaporization take place It will seem that it is biological or ours When we heat this molecule at the boiling point so we are doing heating here Because of this you will get breakage inside these bonds cleavage will be observed in bonds because of which when these molecules If the bonds break then our singles will be single molecules will be developed which will help us will be vaporized and because of that vaporization the temperature at which they will vaporize We call this temperature as bolic point Here we are able to observe that more because of hydrogen bonding, which primary amine is they require more heating more temperature will be needed And because of that there are more primary Amis Biolic will be available as compared to secondary amies And you will get more edge in secondary exams compare to tri amine so when we boil point What do we find out if we compare them Hai primary amine the most bilious show Then there are secondary amins and tersh amins has the lowest boiler point, then it is Our comparison of boilerplate point has been done between similar molecules, that is, we have Here all three amine molecules consider it but if we do something different Consider molecules such as for example You may be asked questions about your you have an amine molecule you have an is a normal hydrocarbon molecule and a you have all three alcohol molecules You have to compare between molecules which one has more bolic point and whose bolic point is less then for that You can find a NCERT for comparison. The table is given which you can see on the screen also You might be seeing that here you have some four There are five molecules whose molecules The presence of similar molar masses is The molecules you're getting here are are of similar mass and are almost similar size So I asked here to compare this I will ask you to compare it and tell me what is similar There is a difference here because of the molar weight We observe inside the molecule Its region is to be given in boilerplate point and He has to explain in which order If these asist laugh show then here You must observe first of all molecule is that it's your primary amine the second molecule is a secondary amine and tersh molecule third molecule you have If there is a Turkish Amin then you can take all three of them You can easily compare which one is yours Primary amine is the most biological The point will show then secondary and then terse Amin Now the question arises that when we these The amine molecule is divided into alcohol and alkane compare it with the molecule in which Your fourth molecule is an alkane molecule and the fifth molecule is is an alcohol molecule then you can divide them into How will you compare then we are here We will definitely discuss the interactions Correct so when we are talking about alkane So there is no hydrogen bonding here The interaction does not exist because Here you will find the truth Electronegativity difference not found The carbon that is there shows hydrogen bonding If not, then we found out from here that alkane has the lowest boiling point If it happens then it will go to the back anyway You can also see in the table that its The value of bowling point is the lowest Whereas when we talk about alcohol, right now We observed in solubility that More better hydrogen inside alcohol bonding happens because its there the electronegativity difference is higher because when we compare the mixture of nitrogen and oxygen If we compare electro negativity then Oxygen is more electronegative Because of that there is better hydrogen bonding shows the interaction and to break it It takes that much more time because it is that much stronger What we learn from here is that Amin Which one has more strong biologicals? In which you will get stronger interactions You will find sleep in our alcohol molecule Because of the same reason we have alcohol It will show the most bolic points As you can see in the table, The boiling point of alcohol is quite high compare to amine molecule so from here we What are the overall conclusions that our alcohols are those with a boiling point and Both show better solubility Age Compared To Amin molecule so i hope you find it here Solubility and Boiling Point Properties Upon discussion it would be found out that How important are interactions The property of our molecules plays a role To discuss End With This Hour Physical properties are completed I hope You will get all the physical properties you would have understood it well if any If you have any doubt then you can ask in the comment section ho now let's move on towards chemicals properties of amies in which we their chem chemical interactions i.e. chemical reactions We will discuss which are these are reactions in which our amine molecules let's participate so when we are with Amin If we talk about chemical reactions then its This means that somewhere we can see the molecule evolution inside chemical reactions we are discussing which means we The Difference Is Different About Reactivity If you want to see the aspects then for that We should have some knowledge of molecules By the way, we have discussed about it in the previous lecture. Covers a lot of information about I have taken it but still with a brief idea Let's start it up, so when we put the ammonia we observe the molecule from that Our Ameen has been the originator in which our Which amines are there? Amins are there in our ammonia molecule which is nh3 its molecule is hydrogen if you If you replace it then you will have Amin here will be the conversion which you can have rnh2 r aa ' a or r3 n this way you have Different types of amies can be formed you have primary here Secondary and Tersh Amins will now become these Amins What can you observe that these Amine has nitrogen with which there is an attachment of hydrogen and on one side Lone pairs are also present in alkynes So when we have such a molecule in front of us, then this What we are learning from the molecules is that here in our molecule we have nitrogen and Hydrogen has a proper The difference in electronegativities is because it has a very polar nature so this The bond is highly reactive in nature Gaya plus here is an extra pair of presence of electrons which is responsible for the reaction participate in what it to make it behave like a nucleophile If you help then it means that from here We have received very good reactivity responses There are chances of meeting and that is the reason We say that our Ameen Molecules are quite reactive in nature Now that we discuss its reactivity If we are doing this then we can observe two aspects There is a presence of its lone pair the bond between the second nitrogen and hydrogen Presence means all the reactions we have You will find these two things somewhere will be linked to each other and when we looking at the molecules that make up our primary If there are secondary and tertiary amis then you can join them Can you observe that the primary Secondary amnesties in amnesty and tersh amnesty in amnesty Presence of loan payer in all three So that is common but the uncommon thing that is the presence of hydrogen here two there's hydrogen here's one and there's also one here if not, it means that the hydrogen The presence is decreasing As we move from primary to tertiary molecules so because of that reason From this you can say that our the reactivity of the molecule in which Your primary Amin is the most becomes reactive then the secondary amine and Least reactivity shows your tamine because here you have Tursh Amin In case of only and only loan payer There is a presence in your reaction Hydrogen makes him participate it is not presented there so this is We have some basic concepts about why our amine molecule in the reaction Why do they participate here? But what do you do in participation shows? There are factors which are involved in its participation It helps and we know its reactivity how can i calculate it or how you can observe so here chemical In reactions we call Amin different Amis's Different Aspects First of all we will understand its behavior We will understand the basic behavior so when we Trying to observe the classification of So we put it in the category of acids keep it or keep it in base category then our Whatever according to close observation The results that come in are the conclusions that we Amen they are of basic nature now their Chances of having basic nature or having it What kind of observations did you get? We have to see that first of all First, let us look at our basic concept in which we have explained the acid base behaviour We were trying to understand what we saw was that if we had a luce concept According to that we have the Luce Concept Accordingly, one is a lousy acid and the other is Lus is a base and the acid is ours electron deficiency It is of nucleophilic nature because he has extra it has electron rich sides if so, what does it mean that here Presence of loan payer with you or Any negatively charged species can be Here you have no neutral or positive Charged species can occur when we use ammonia or if we look at the amine molecule, these All amine molecules have one lone pair presence then what does it mean that this These are the basic categories of our molecules because the loan pair's Presence means extra pair of electrons that they can donate Our category is Lus Basus category comes up because of the gluten base According to you can categorize them into bases You do it according to that concept You call bases which are molecules It can donate electrons to your lungs are of basic nature or else if you If you look according to Arenium concept then According to Arenium Concept you can prepare Acid You call it that which makes you loose your H positive give and base you will tell the one who is your h So gain positive energy when we are Amin's If we look at the reactions, we will know this that if he gets h positive test from anywhere So that's the quick formation of ammonium ion so what does it mean here that They are accepting the positive and gaining If we are there then they are showing our basic behavior If yes, then it means that we know this It is said that our Amins are of basic nature But we did that from very basic concept we have discussed it with him now if we If you want to see the reactions then We will also have to observe the reactions And it is obvious that if any molecule If he is showing basic behavior then he is taking acids in which we get to see the reaction shows with We know about the reactions of acids and bases If a salt is formed nearby then Similarly here also we got the same reaction we have a base which is amine molecule now here you can see aliphatic You can also consider amines as aromatic amines You can consider both of them, I have Let us consider each example one by one and Reaction with a pure mineral acid Get it done here you can get any halo acid yes here I have mentioned particular hydrogen chloride acid to hydrochloric acid It is used when you get their reactions done If yes, then you have a salt like this here is formed which is your acid plus Belongs to the category of base equals to salt The reaction fulfills that condition So from here we get another confirmation that our amine molecule is are of basic nature plus when we are amin If any solution of aqueous solution is mixed with any base then react with the base so we have those ammonium salts that were made that you Fard na8 hydroxide whose reaction causes your You will get your parent Amin back from me The molecule is found in this way We have identified the basic nature of Amin We have obtained aldehyde ketoses and Carbosynth in which we have its acidic Behavior can be described as both physical and organic. I tried to understand the physical through the concept In concept we have no particular value According to him we used to observe that our A pK of a particular acid The value will be a pK value of the other acid and by comparing them you can see their assets You can determine the strength like this When we look at his organic concept Accordingly if we categorize it then we There are different groups of If you observe the presence then similarly You can read the basic nature of amine molecule here one is physical and the other is organic can be categorized according to the behaviour which is the more basic nature you have which will be the Amin and which one will be a little less basic It must be of nature because it is not necessary that all the Amins you have are basic nature They are doing the show but it is the same basicity show May be some of your misses are very behave like a better bass and Some amies behave like slightly mild basses So for that also we are here From both physical and organic concepts First we will try to understand it physically We will try to understand it through the concept in which We have determined the pK values for acids. did we try to calculate the value of p try to form an equation for b for which we need its reaction Seeking Help if needed then what do we do here Aquas observe Amin's reaction In solution we know that as soon as the aqueous solution is Solution is obtained by Aqua Solution Means water molecule water molecule has h Presence of O positive and O negative eyes because of which he is here with it will show reactions and you will have a Particular ammonium salt and hydroxide ion will be released i.e you have it here These two salts are being made and these are your Both the salts are coming to you This reaction is in an equilibrium condition and in the equilibrium condition we know that that whenever we put any If you observe the reaction then To find out the rate of reaction we use equilibrium constant how do we calculate it equilibrium constant is equal to Concentration of products ready to pay coefficient divided by the concentration of Reactants are two parents who are fit to do this This way you can easily reach your equilibrium if you can find out the constant Here we have these products and these If you have reactants then your the ratio of products and reactants By using you can find the equilibrium constant here you can calculate so that when you get any If kb1 inside the chapter on chemical equilibrium It was discussed that whenever we have to If we multiply it by the concentration then whatever particular we have, we call it acid base using his respectable The value of the constant comes to dissociation When the value of constant comes then here You can take the concentration of this water in your left hand If you take a side, you will have it equilibrium constant into concentration of water and the rest of the equation here is true and The value that you have is yours can you calculate the value of kb2 You can calculate the value of k but when also we The value of kb2 is your 10 to the power -1 10 Re to power-8 is the way to get the value So calculating it or comparing it A little bit difficult becomes too much It creates some confusion that 10 Ray to power-1 is second 10 Ray to power-13 if it is not positive then and If it has to be reciprocated then it is a little If more confusion is created then To clear up the confusion, we are here The value of KB is more than the value of the cube are calculated in which we have a proper any decimal point 4.23 4.62 this values come in a way that you can easily So you can compare the value of p cab How will you find it out, it is very easy It is already learnt in class 11th when we Negative Log Off The value of kb2 comes so you have pk2 = law of You can now use the value of kb2 for your There is a different pass which your Amin molecules have pK values will be given or else The larger the value of kb2, the As much as your basic character is his That means more basic strength of the molecule and the lower the pK of B You should only care about one value Usually we use the values of pKb then you can calculate the value of pkb Keep in mind that if your PKB value is If this increases then your basic character is of some molecule which you can call amine You are considering the molecule here Basic strength starts to decrease That is, here you will observe that if If you have high value of PKB then The basic strength will be less if ripe A's If the value is low then your basic strength If it is more then you can call it inverse relation If you can use it together then you can use this physical Easily according to the concepts of chemistry the basic strength of your molecules can you compare if you have If values are given directly then like j For example a table in your NCERT It is given in which you get different Amin of PKB in the aqueous space of the molecule That table is the value given to you on your screen It will also be visible on the screen where you can observe You are finding that we have different Amine molecules are methane amine N methyl Methane Amine A & Di Methyl Methane Amine Ethanol is a compound whose respec The PKB values are given to you on the front so what does it tell us that these We can easily compare the values with each other the basic strength of our molecules we can determine but this will happen only then It is possible when we are given these values if If you are not given values then what will you do? basics of your molecules in a way If you determine the strength then for that We consider our organic concept so whenever you do this in your molecule The organic concept begins to evolve to explain his acid or basic behavior for then you observe there that What type of group do you have presence in? in a molecule like for example when you Acidic behaviour of a molecule is called If you compare, what did we see that If any electron in our molecule If there will be a with drawing group then that will be our Increases the acidic behavior of the molecule If you do it then its opposite will give you the basic information here So your molecule will be found in your behavior The basic character of is that it will increase when Do you have any electron donating group? Now electron will be present here Is this because it is a donating group? What is happening is that its basic character increases Look at what is happening when we look at the basic character if we talk then it means that what Nucleophilic Electron Donating The effect is increasing as if for For example, if you consider any Amin which is rnh2 in this amine molecule nitrogen has a lone pair and this alkynes group because we know Alkynes Electron Donating Groups what is the work of the group that they come here By donating electrons in this manner, overall The electron density over nitrogen is called will increase it, which will increase the density of our molecules more electron circle sides inside will start getting created and because of that reason Her Electro of the Philicia Electron Donating Group Because of presence, whenever you If your pKb value is should not be given and their basic strength If you want to compare then you can do it inside that The presence of different groups Observe the basics of your molecules You can determine the strength like For example, if you have this amine molecule to compare with ammonia I told the basic strength which is ammonia The molecule is nh3 it also has a lon If it is a pair then what would you say that it is more is it basic or is it more basic then we Ejli here we can say that our Amine molecule is more basic in nature what happens what is the reason that our An extra molecule in the amine electron donating group is present which that ammonia is not present inside which because of the ammonia we have The electron density is the same remains maintained but inside the amine molecule In the overall electron density you will get The reason why increase is observed is our amine molecules are more basic than If you become one with nature then you can do it in this way now the different amine molecules whether it is an aromatic amine or aliphatic You can easily compare them with each other Can But when we talk about Amin Comparing Amin is so simple there is no concept because when we are Amin's to observe more molecules inside when we hear it we come to know that Amin who decides the basic character of The points are of organic concept Accordingly mainly she is only and only yours Inductive effect or electron donating You are determined due to the presence of the group You can't do any more difference there There are different factors that can affect your performance Let's do the role play of molecules to decide the basicity as per your Sterik Hinderland If you play a role then you will have to consider all these factors will have to include your molecule To decide the basic character then Till now we have only discussed this concept Explain that our Ameen is our basic nature what happens why does it have basicity also we understood because he had The presence of an extra loan pair is a plus He can accept positive emotions The second thing we observed was that we How to determine the basicity of amine We can determine in which physical Understanding the concept and organic concept We have tried to explain the physical concept It is clear that if we have the power of P If the value of , then its inverse relation will be By using this we can easily understand our molecules Can determine basic strength But if we consider the organic concept Accordingly, we have included one factor in it Now understand what is inductive effect due to which if the electrons in your molecule inside If a donating group is present, it will be yours Increases the basic strength of the molecule but here we find out that There's a difference in our molecules There are other factors which determine its basicity helps to define e.g. Resonance solvation solvation effect and stearic drains so all those factors We also have to evolve so now we will do it one by one Try to understand all these factors one by one If we try, we will take all these factors into consideration Structural basicity relationship of amines We will discuss each category under While dividing we firstly obtain alkane Discuss Amines Versus Ammonia in which what do we find out that when we alkane amine i.e. alkynes and ammonia If you compare them with each other then there you will see the basic strength within a molecule to determine what you have here The formation of cut is done by that tine Do you observe stability like here But I have two molecules for you. consider one of the molecules you have your amine molecule which is your alkane amine and the other one you have your Ammonia molecules are both your basic They are of nature which means both are h If you accept positive aspects then here But when both of them accept the positive aspects Let's form a particular salt There is formation of a particular ion It happens and this is a positive thing Now these are charged cutty species which you These passes are based on their stability It will depend on which one is more basic for you will show the behavior because H positive Accepting means basic behavior And if it accepts H positive So this will form this ion here So here now we have to observe that Which is the more stable ion because as If we look at our old examples In which what example did we have, a bus We have a bus in which some seats are empty Now you go and sit on one of those seats Now you will go and sit on that seat which It will be comfortable for you whichever There will be a stable seat but if you have the respect Look, someone would come who would give you that seat but if he tries to lift it from above then you will feel a little Will you show some resistance if you have that? You will not observe another seat like that But if there is another seat that you need It can give you the same comfort or stability you will go to the seat quickly but if such If not, there is resistance there too much and you can easily leave that seat If you don't try to go then the same thing happens to our molecules when Molecules Participate in Your Reaction when we do it with the reactant When they do a reaction show, they try that the state in which he is at present more than after making the final product Stable or at least based on its stability If there is less stability than that then it can be equal that product of that molecule As for the species, he doesn't try to go there. and to get that reaction we need to externally expose ourselves to some harsh conditions or else If reagents have to be provided Here, if we look at the stability of these molecules, If we observe it then we will know that It will be more stable for you to cut It will form more quickly and more easily There will be a form and the sooner the form is the better his basic behavior will be So when we measure the stability of the cutaway here, if you are looking then we know any charged A molecule is stable when you you decrease the charge and to decree we will use his electronic includes factors such as inductive effect now here when we take ammonium ions and here you have this amine ion It is made let's observe these two eyes Here you have the respect for nitrogen in alkynes hydrogen is on one side but all around nitrogen here you have We now know the presence of hydrogen atom the alkynes are the ones that hold your electrons Like a donating group, that is, plus aa effect It will show here the region from which you have it Here its electron continuously will increase the density due to which Its overall positive charge decreases it will start doing this and you will see a molecule inside You will start getting stability because it is yours From charged species to neutral species is moving but when you If you observe then here you will find this truth nothing is obtained because there is no inductive If there is no effect then maintain its charge because of which when we both are together If we look at the stability of the molecule We find that our alkane These are Amin and are of more stable nature and Because of that, these are more easy forms. And this shows a more basic nature So here we have compared ammonia molecule This can be solved using the inductive effect. just like we have used it here now so what do we find out here that Whenever we consider aliphatic amines in which we have primary, secondary And Tersh Amin comes after Primary Amin What happens in case you have rnh2 If formation occurs then secondary amies Inside you have r2h and tersh amis in you have r a now its if you You will make eye contact i.e. their basic behavior If you observe, it will come to you from here nh3 positive from here you will have r2 nh2 positive and from here it will come to you r3h po And inside all these three eyes, if you will you observe us Its stability is higher inside alkynes If you get it then you have it in the tersh molecule There are three alkyne groups i.e. inductive here The effect will be best if your The stability will be the highest then secondary key and then primary key When we determine the basic character So your tursh molecule is the most There will be basic, then secondary and then primary The molecule will show your basicity but This behavior is possible for you only when you Consider your molecules in the gaseous phase do that means here you have put the molecule Aquas conditions are not provided i.e. So far you have dissolved your amine molecule in water If you have not provided the medium If we provide them with water medium then There the electronic effect i.e. Inductive effect as well as solvation The role of effect will also come and you will get that too only after including it together with your If basic behavior needs to be explained then What conclusion do we get from here that When we put our amine molecule into the gaseous phase I consider those gaseous faces According to your Tersh Amin The most basic thing is the gift of nature secondary and then primary amin but if What if you get Aquas Medium? now let us observe it when it happens We can determine the basicity of amine in gaseous phase. Let's observe which order is of Basicity of amine and gaseous phase to your Pass tersh amines are the most basic than secondary amines and than primary amines But if we consider their basicity as aqua phase If we observe then our primary Amines are the most basic compounds Secondary Amis and then our Tersh Amin means the order is completely reversed Now what is the reason for this reverse order That region comes to us as the solvation effect So hair solution effect also comes in to An account according to which what do we know seems the greater the size of ion the lesser will B the solvation and the less lies the ion is That means here we have something with size nor is there any relation coming when we are here If we discuss this statement then we will get this It is understood that somewhere due to water If there is evolution of the molecule then first of all Let us see what the solvation effect is. So when we study the solvation effect if we do, we are finding that when Any of our ions also goes inside the water whether it is a positively charged ion or As soon as there is a negatively charged ion, it The medium is found in its surroundings Associate water molecules in this way If you start doing this with yourself then We call the association our The more water there is due to the solvation effect, the The more the molecules associate, the better That ion shows its stability in water but fewer water molecules inside the less we start to associate it starts getting stability now when we Observe our molecule here would happen if the size of those molecules were bigger If it happens then what will they do that stability will decrease will show that the fewer the molecules you have there But you will be able to associate water with which in a way when you are here with your amin you look at the molecule, you have a primary amine because look here r nh3 It's positive that you have a secondary amine because this r2 nh2 is positive and this you have r3 a positive which is your Tersh Amin When you observe these three Amins If you do then when we look inside its water then what will we have in water which h Positive: This positively charged thing that we have its molecule is hydrogen which is our atoms with water in this way we will show interaction just like if we were here If you look at the secondary, there are two hydrogen atoms Interaction shows and cases of turks you only have one hydrogen, which Show your interaction with water The association is showing it in this way We need to know some information about the solvation effect of amines. I get observations in which we see what are able to observe that decreasing order of extent of hydrogen bonding in water and order of Stability of isons by solvation what we have here is the definition of our molecule Solvation Effect Solvation Association Mill it is getting decreased As we move from primary to tertiary molecules we're moving towards because here In this molecule, we have three sides We can observe hydrogen bond bonding there are only two sides here and one here From this side we get hydrogen bonding is being observed whose reason we are discussing here are able to observe that our Hydrogen atoms are their number, that is is decreasing so because of this we Do we find out that our ion is The bigger its size is getting our ion was if it had three big There will be groups, meaning it will be of turkish nature So its size will be quite big, just one If there is space for hydrogen then it is just one motor But the association with the molecule will show the smaller you have ions like your This ion has only one yl group then it is with more water molecules can show his association and as much To achieve that extra stability so now when we have implemented this concept in which we started alkane amine and compare our ammonia molecule That was according to his basic strength We have understood the basic concept of comparison I had started using stability of ice In which we first explained the inductive effect it was used in our gaseous phase but now As we head into Aquas Medium So there in the gaseous phase we have the inductive The effect was used along with the solution We have to observe the effect here now. in which a major effect of solvation will occur The role will come because it is yours here, will decide the stability of the molecule And according to its stability, our Our primary Amins are nearby They are more stable as compared to Secondary and Tersh Amin and the same According to what amiss in our aquas face That is the basic order of our primary Amin The most basic are the ones followed by the secondary ones Amis and then comes the basicity of Tersh Amin So up to this point we have our gaseous and aqueous by doing something to the phase If we study our conclusion then We find that the solvation effect what were we looking at in our The larger the size of the molecule, the less stability it will show because the more If it has less association with water then Somewhere here we are getting steric Hindwing Hinterland We saw his role in the acting effect. It was discussed in solvation effect also Our stearic drain factor is i.e. the larger the alkynes you get Different confusions are created here that would be how we can understand its basic order If we can determine then when we do X medium if you consider it then you will find it there Inductive Effect Solvation Effect and Your All these three are separate stearic drains Factors have to evolve together what have we learned so far what have we learned so far Learned to evolve the inductive effect In the gaseous phase, in the aqueous phase we have Learned the inductive and solvation effects Now we will discuss the steric properties of aqueous phase separately. You will also learn to evolve drains because This is according to one of our general rules that if we generally observe the primary Ameen is part of our basic nature Other turps that occur in the aqua phase The basicity we have is less Their butt when we call them different and more Taking particular examples of molecules in which we consider methyl amine or If we consider ethyl amine then in that case in what do we get observation We will discuss our basic strength here when we talk about steric here If you start to evolve your hindsucks then something will happen Steric acid using examples Now let's discuss some hindrances We use examples so that we can easily Explain the basic orders of your Amin mainly in different mediums We have to explain within two mediums only The second aqueous medium is in gaseous state In the gaseous state we know that Our Terriers Show the Most Basic Nature let's do then secondary and then primary amise but if we consider aqueous solution If we start doing it then in case of aqueous solution Our primary amines are the most basic Nature shows more than secondary and more than Tersh Amin means exactly opposite order from our gaseous state now this happens We have the reason for our opposite order had given the solvation effect but when we applied it After doing a separate study, we found out that Also on our examples in aquas medium depends on which way it is We will explain basicity because There we have only solution and By not playing the inductive effect role Stearic Hindwing He who has considered the molecule Alkynes Alkynes and how they act as sterics in explaining the hindring because If we find the number of those electrons there, Evolution has to be discussed because When electrons are donated extra Basicity of electron depends upon its presence is explaining then that electron evolution in the reaction will take place only when He has space to evolve there if it has the proper steric hinding there on her side she so High steric drain resistance will provide that this individual is a molecule if you cannot show attachment with that person then the basicity of the thing may decrease due to which the thing So mainly you have this basic order To explain ethyl and methyl A question is asked about Amin in which You have different ethyl amine primary secondary and tertiary and different different methyl amine which is primary Secondary and Tertiary are the two If I have to arrange it then here I have arranged both Only these examples are to be considered and both I have already arranged it and shown it to you in which what we're seeing is that when we Consider different ethyl amines if we do then here secondary than tersh and Then we have primary amine basic order if an explanation comes then this is not it going according to our gaseous state is it not according to the aqueous solution Similarly if we talk about methyl amines If you do this then here you have the secondary You also have primary and then tertiary A totally different order is coming so now you How will you explain this order? In this way you can write your Amin's here If you explain the basicity then for this We will discuss here the inductive and solvation effects. as well as a steering factor will evolve in which we find out what the bigger the group we have the more his steric drain will come But when we study the structure of these molecules Let us observe, you will say that it is ok maam You said that the steric drain would be more So because of that his participation there It will decrease but then it will come in the opposite direction You should go because the primary aim is yours The least steric undertones show edge compare to secondary and tursh amin but her Basis is the lowest now these examples Why did we consider it because when we If we consider methyl and ethyl amine then In this case what we have is alkynes Alkynes you also have the inductive effect it is quite strong because we have it has been discussed that Alkynes If we get the observation of basic character then Here when we observe these molecules if we do, we come to know that whenever We at Normally Equ Solutions have will explain the basicity of amine In which we consider slightly smaller amines The amine of two to three carbon atoms is Let us consider 1 tooth carbon atoms then Our usual order goes away Secondary then primary and then terse in which we But we evolve all the factors If we normalize this, then our general equation If we compare it with the trend of solution what does that come to us primary Secondary and Tertiary which we have discussed here The show has been done with a little change because We added another factor into it evolution is which is steric The haunting hinterland There have been some interchanges in this reason we get this order from now this order This methyl ammonase part of yours So fulfill this condition because our what's coming up here secondary donation Primary and then Tursh Amin's here but the basicity is coming but if we If we consider ethyl amine in this then here But the order you have may change. what is the reason for this because when we go from methyl to ethyl amine We have increased the number of carbon atoms Because of which there is a molecule inside our Stearic drain factor increased So here what you get is hydrogen bonding You will find stearic drain in it We will get an increase due to which reason here secondary than tersh and after that of the basic order of the primary amnus Explanation is available in this way you put a little bit of matter inside your molecule can explain basicity so what did we see here we saw how can we obtain our aliphatic amines and the basics of our ammonia molecule can compare the behaviour and We discovered that when we take aliphatic and consider the ammonia molecule that We can use the inductive effect a lot at the right time. We consider his role as more important than his role. we observe because our The inductive effect is our electrons increasing the density which overall increases the basic behavior which Because of this, what observation do we make there? we get that our aliphatic amines are more Basic nature consists of age comparison to ammonia molecules and they are everywhere it is observed even if we call it aqua Should we consider it in medium or else we will consider it as gaseous Now consider the gaseous state and What is the difference in X medium when If we consider the gaseous state then There you have only ammonia molecules or amine molecules You can have any medium around it It does not happen but if you are in any equa state If you start considering then your Amin molecules from a particular medium You are surrounded like water Do you do it if you took the universal medium? If it is there then when we consider it in medium If we do this then the inductive effect at that time as well as the role of a solvation effect plays a very important role because when We observe the solvation effect The ice forms we got at that time to explain its stability only and only inductive Do not observe electronic effects as well as its solvation effect how much hydrogen do you have to use with water molecule with water molecule associate can be and the more water its association with the molecule is The more its stability increases If it happens then what do we have to do in both the cases It turns out that our basic molecules this is the basic strength of the The opposite is coming into our gaseous state There is tersh secondary primary and equi Primary, secondary and secondary education is coming in the state Terrible but when we are apart from each other in an aqua state considering different examples If we study it separately then we will get this It turns out that in Aqua State you can only and just consider the inductive and solvation effects You cannot consider yourself along with this Steri factors also have to evolve Because of which you get different Behavior is observed in which you have The most important question comes from ethyl amine and methyl amine whose basic I have already told you about the behavior here I have already explained it too much There are chances that you will be asked about ethyl and Explain the basic order of methyl amines If asked to do so, you can do it there you can use the full explanation This was all about the basic behavior of Elo aliphatic a means with respect to the Ammonia now let's move on towards the Basic Behavior of Aromatic and Aryl A Means with respect to ammonia molecule so when we aryl amine vs Discussing the basic behavior of ammonia so there we are in arail amans basic example which is anline Now we know we can consider it whenever We will discuss the basic behavior of molecules. If we are doing this then we should consider two things let's do one to his lone pair because Hum Extra according to Luiz Concept because of the pair of electrons which electrons can be donated to it Consider the medium of behavior But if we look at the Arenium concept According to this, the molecule which is h positive He will accept you as his base behaves so here we have both We will have to move ahead with the concept so when we are here But lone pair means loose behavior and h Acceptance of Positive Ains i.e. Arenium What do we get if we discuss behaviour? it turns out that when we have here Aniline molecule is formed in this way In which the lone pairs are in the reaction If you participate then it is different in different resonating form Asistencia you will find different resonants here we find clues and we know where The more resonance is present, the They are resonating structures the more stable the molecule becomes why does it become stable because one thing is If there is any charge on it then the charge The distributor will go if there is someone above him Extra electron is extra Electrons also create instability They do that too in your molecules distributor because of your molecules There will be an extra stability inside If we accept its h positive ice If you see the formation of the molecule after Here you have an Annley rule ion Now this is our formation which takes place the rule is made in hindi this is your only rule in hindi These rules of mind also affect your resonance it shows but here you only have two here are the resonance structures you come across now You will say that ma'am here you have heard all the resonance Show the structure, why not here You can do it here also in this way we thought that we had moved this resonance here because our molecule is arranged in this way To show your existence in resonance It will look like this and here you can do it in this way Even if you could resonate, you would still be different Can create different resonating structures but if you dilute this molecule a little If you observe closely you will know this It will seem that we are showing resonance here There is no doubt but to show resonance Along with that, whatever resonance condition you had, so you are not fulfilling it because Our basic requirement is that to place the molecule in the existent To get her agist he Octet's octet must be complete If your octad breaks Accept the few examples if your If octad breaks then in that case it Molecular existence will show itself no like for example if you are here inside these resonating structures If you observe the octad of nitrogen What observation do you get in this case you have three hydrogen bonds with so there are six electrons here You got electrons four five electron sorry 3 s to eight electron jis because you will say that here our octad it is complete but if there If you observe inside this molecule Here you have generally inside your molecule Observe the Octed is complete but if you you will observe its resonance structure so what should these three do with hydrogen bonds have been made due to which he has What are the six electrons of hydrogen? It shares two bonds with carbon He made four bonds with me If electrons are shared here then the reason for this So total there are 10 electrons here which His Octade's condition is not fulfilled if I am doing this then the reason why we say that Your resonance form is presented here it cannot happen, it is not possible and this Because you will get this resonance only and only by not showing the internal properties of the benzene molecule resonance is obtained and you get two in this manner If you find resonant structures, you You will say, okay ma'am, I understood this that there is resonance within our molecules is present because of which an extra Stability comes but how do you achieve it Will you explain the basic behavior? To do this you have just read the previous part Did we observe that when we cut aliphatic amines were observing so in that case what would we do were observing that our ice Stability is coming and that stability Because of what happens the sooner it forms It will be that much more stable for us The structure will be absolutely correct but here If you observe here we will see the ice There is not so much observation in stability whereas if we look at the molecule here If you observe it, it is quite stable that is, if we observe ammonia and the mutual stability of aniline inium ions then we come to know that joe anlene ion is the aniline molecule your more is stable as compared to any other rule then He won't even try to do that. even if it goes towards the ion then it Some extra vig conditions If you have to provide it then this is definitely basic layman language happened that we I am not moving towards stability Why should I give up my seat if I have another seat I am not getting a stable second to last seat It is getting a lot of shocks so why should I go there same thing here What is happening with the Aniline molecule Why am I near such a molecule Why should I know the formation of such a molecule? I should do something in which I am not getting stability Now if you understand this with a little concept If you look with clarity, what will you know it seems that we had these electrons These electrons determine your basic behavior I was explaining that basic behavior the electrons that explain circulated throughout the molecule whose because overall the electrons of nitrogen The density was reduced and we came to know when the electron density is greater than our if it gets reduced into a molecule then What does that molecule mean to us? that his basic strength has decreased So you have the same thing happening here as well. When you expose an ammonia molecule to it do you consider the ammonia molecule I don't have anything like that, nor any inductive There is no effect nor is there any resonance then its electrons are The electron density edge remains true if There would neither be an increase nor a decrease but here But you got reduced electron density we get it because these electrons are Start participating in your resonance and overall look at the whole molecule if they get circulated then because of this we They say that our Arial Amin or else Aromatic amines are your less basic nature What are they compared to ammonia? molecules so when you compare basicity yes then you know this aril Amin R Less Basic Give Ammonia molecules so this way you can make your Explain the basicity of the molecule now you can do this if the aniline molecule inside I am looking for some other substitute Let me introduce you, that is, here I any other group in this molecule I introduced you to these groups I am using the dependency of these groups But now it depends on the nature of these groups will tell us how we can understand the structure of molecules Explain basic behavior because It is not necessary that you have aromatic amine and basic in the middle of the ammonia molecule To compare the behavior, say this You can also say that you have a different There are different aromatic amines in which your pass different electrons Substitutes are present i.e. Substituent groups are present which Everyone has different behavior The electron donating behaviour may be Someone has electron withdrawing behavior we can and we know we have the basic Tell the character before starting it given that when in our molecule Electron donating group is present if so, it means that there our Increase of basic behavior of molecules If this is happening then you have to keep in mind that if you have any molecules inside electron donating group is present that It will increase your basic behavior and If you have any electron with drawing Group is your basic behavior If it will decrease then in this way you can By comparing the basic behavior of molecules You can do it with different molecules so this was all about the basic behavior of amine where we have aliphatic and aromatic Both the Kamins know the basic behavior of Ameen I have considered them and compared them as well is also with respect to the receptive molecule and also with the ammonia molecule and these We have seen it both ways, our physical concept and organic concept Accordingly also if you are here physically If you want to see the concept then you should read this You will find out that when we are physically i.e. PK B Let us observe the value of our In the case of the aniline molecule we get It is found that the pKB of the aniline molecule the value of is very high and we Do you know the value of PKB is basic? character is in inverse relation if The value of PKB will be more for us The basic character of a molecule if it is going to decrease then it means that according to the physical concept also we can explain our molecules But we know it in organic chemistry There is no use of so much physical concept because physically you will only get direct Basic order based on the values I want to explain something which is not a question to you you will be asked you will be asked a question you have a molecule that has a different have different electron substituents Different groups are involved How do you manage those groups? How will you explain its basics If you affect the behavior then it will affect you Conceptual clarity needs to be here So I hope you have the basicity for the ameen if it is clear well then If you have any doubt then ask in the comment section You can now find an example in your NCERT It is given on the basis of the basis of Amin Let us see in the example what was asked What is asked in example 99.4 is arrange the following in decreasing order of their basic strength you have it here Some molecules are given to these molecules Decreasing order of your basic strength You have to arrange in decreasing order what does it mean that you have the first You need to apply the highest vesis tee and then Gradually towards lower basic molecules If you want to move then you have what you have here Molecule given is different Some are molecules, some are primary amines is a secondary amine and one of them is ammonia molecule is like first of all you have An aniline molecule is attached to benzene with nh2 then you have an ethyl amine then you have an n ethyl amine and the next you have one ammonia molecule Presence yes sorry you have this n and diethyl amine so it's inside all four of our molecules What do you think we should know first of all This is a basic concept, let's look at that According to the basic concept we have If there is any aliphatic amine, it will be our will be more basic than ammonia and if If it is aromatic amine then it is less than ammonia It will be basic, it means that somewhere Your ammonia molecule is in the middle before you have will be of aliphatic nature and after this your The pass must be of aromatic nature and we know out of all these molecules here, only This is the only molecule that If it is of aromatic nature then it means ammonia and then you have your Aniline is a molecule, its placement will be That means we have arranged two molecules which is ammonia and aniline molecule now We have to arrange these two molecules which are our aliphatic amines and Aliphatic amines arrange before your ammonia When we talk about aliphatic amines So here we first of all know its medium we will observe because our Aliphatic amine is based on the medium We know that the gaseous phase changes That difference in our basic behavior shows and in aquas medium that is different now they start showing basic behavior when Even if you do not have medium given then you You will always consider the gaseous state because Aquos medium is a special case that you will always be given in question if you Answering according to aquos medium If this happens then when we observe the gaseous phase so we are very clear about that concept is exactly that we know that Tersh amines are the most basic due to Secondary and then primary Amans now here You have primary amnes and secondary amnes yes there is tursh amnus otherwise you are here You will skip the Turkish Amnas and say that our First the secondary Amin will come and then When the primary Amin comes you can easily you can arrange the molecules in which The foremost that will come to you is NA Diethyl Amine Then you will have ethyl amine then ammonia molecules and then here you have Placement of benzyl amine in order So what order do you have here? First of all you will have n A diethyl amine then ethyl amine then ammonia molecule and then of the aniline molecule The placement will be exactly as we have Now everything is in your concept We cleared the molecule in the same way It has been arranged here so this was Your example 9.4 now let's move on Towards the next category of reaction Where we and the different Amin's We will discuss the reaction in which the most First we have the alkynes reaction so alkynes reaction so your This is a very simple reaction, we already know it We have covered this in our previous chapter where we have hello ourense and hello We had covered the alkane chapter in that. I saw that hello alkane and hello arene which They show different reactions in which the halo alkane which you have Let's do a reaction show with Amin and you Higher Amin's formation is obtained i.e. Secondary amies are obtained from primary Formation of Tursh Amin is obtained from secondary because what do you observe here A nucleophilic reaction occurs in which the amine in the ammonia This is your nucleophile molecule behaves like this because it has a loan payer it is present and here you have it Alkynes are electrophilic molecules. It behaves like this because it is of polar nature Because of this there is a partial positive and a partial negative charge on it development takes place because of which this is your He is a loan payer, he acts like this and your This chloride part goes away and your Passed primary to secondary Amin formation takes place so in this way you In an alkane reaction, an amine is formed by A different alkyne is observed and for this reason So we name it alkyne so this I have just given you a brief of the reaction This part is explained here, we already know this Read the reaction carefully in your previous chapter I have covered it there if you want you can go and see it from Link to playlist in description box you will get it so this was all about the alkan reaction now let's move on towards your The next category of reaction which is allylation reaction so when we do assignment reaction If we talk about it then come to me from Word only You must be understanding that in a way, an oil What is the additional oil group of the group If you have any edition of Rs group then The group that you will have will be the oil group Now there will be some aromatic substance in place of r here. It can also be compound and usually we How to do assignment when we have no Halogen molecules do this usually We have reactions to previous chapters I have come many times specially friedl Craftsmanship Here you will find a little bit of Similarity will be observed, see what happens Here aliphatic and aromatic primary and secondary amine react with acid Chlorides n Hydrides and Esters binucleophilic substitution reaction Here you will find both aliphatic and aromatic We find Amis's reaction in which we The reactions of primary and secondary amines are We observe when we convert these amines into acids chloride which are our molecules are the n hydrides which are formed from our acids There are forms If we make carbosynths react then we get Nucleophilic Substitution Reaction and because of this we have an asset The product comes out, this reaction is called We have come here and what do we have Those of primary and secondary Amin Hydrogen atoms are replaced go from your age group and those who are The product that comes to you is that of your amides formation takes place so in this way you here you get the assignment reaction now Here the confusion can also be cleared by this statement Questions must have arisen in your mind It might have happened that ma'am you have done primary and Secondary said why there was no reaction from the turks because look here what we saw that the hydrogen atom is being replaced if it is from oil group then it means that your the presence of hydrogen atoms there There should be and when we look at primary, secondary and If we look at the Tersh Amin then the Primary Amin what happens in rnh2 what means here So there are two hydrogen atoms in the secondary r2n which means one hydrogen atom and what do you have in turk r3 a which means there is no hydrogen atom So he did not even participate in the reaction and because of this you will get real relief in that case I am not getting any reaction so here I am writing this You will observe in this chapter that many Place you will get only primary and The reaction of secondary amine is getting tarsh Usual in your reaction to Amin If we don't do a participation show then this is We have seen its general introduction that What is Ayle reaction and how to do it Now some examples of this are also coming from So when we see this reaction So you will observe here that every I used the base here in reaction that is, in basic medium you can see this here you make me react because here the base is Why is there a requirement because your The reactions which take place are at equilibrium I have used a single arrow here. In actual this reaction is called equilibrium stage but it happens because of which whenever you have If the reaction is at equilibrium stage then it Sometimes an equi bryan in reaction Attan will do that means for a particular stage You will no longer have the products form and to form further products You have to use the Le Chatelet principle which we will already study in class 11th we have discussed it according to which our The basic concept that Lee Chatle has The principle is that if we have to do a product side If you want to increase then some of the product do not remove anything because of which your The equilibrium of the reaction is disturbed and Create your reaction and products in order to maintain your equilibrium That's why we use base here Because when we observe its products If we do, we find out that one You get amaze, the other one comes to you Here a hydrochloric acid i.e. which Also Respectful you've got acid coming its release happens when we take acids If we observe we can see clearly Acids react with bases This can be done and when we add base to it If you do this then it will remove this acid as well will keep doing it because of which you will have You will find more products inside Products to maintain equilibrium You will have to make it and by doing this gradually you will We can consume all the reactants Ho so to use the reactant efficiently For this we use basic medium here Here you will find the basic medium's reaction The truth inside is that there is no participation Our basic medium is used only and just to shift the equilibrium forward so here we have Nucleophilic Substitution Reaction and we know where our Ameen is there will be molecules there will be amines only will behave like a nucleo file because that's what he has there There is presence of loan payer so primary And if secondary Amin participates then I have come to you in the first two cases Consider primary as an example too with similar reagents for secondary Here we consider primary ethyl amine. and here we have a secondary Amin We have considered its reaction here sleeping with an acid chloride We know whenever our molecules If there is a carbonyl group inside then The carbon in the carbonyl group has a it has a partial positive charge It is an electrophilic center, we call it already its aldehyde ketose and carbs Detail form in chapter on asset I have already discussed it so here we have to Just have to implement it, now you see Concepts of things from previous chapter do you use it in the upcoming chapters And that is why I say that whatever your Organic chemistry is complete If it is linked then you will get information from starting to end you have to read till then if you are somewhere in between If you start, you won't understand it I also try my best to give you Explain each point little by little I will continue doing this so that you do not get any confusion here. Don't create anything if you haven't seen it before If it happened then I hope you got it here too The confusion must have gone away that our Carbon is carbon and it is partially positive Because of the charge development, it Shows the behaviour of the electrophilic centre because our carbon and oxygen This bond is of polar nature due to which a partial positive charge on carbon and oxygen Creation of a partial negative charge on Now as soon as any electrophilic acid is added to the mixture, center which is available for nitrogen loan There are pairs, they attack him like An extra bond will attack here Now there will be formation of Carbon Extra If he is forming a bond then he should not do it anywhere If a break is needed from anywhere then that is a The multiple bond observes that from here If it breaks, then its overall skeleton what is there will not be disturbed so as soon as You can observe this reaction here. you have a particular intermediate There is a formation in which something like this we get the rearrangement that hydrogen Whatever is there gets rearranged from here and Your chloride group will be removed from here. then h is positive and Let's make it cl-cl and here we have Rearranging for a combined product formation takes place so in this way you We observe our reaction and here we are Use the base because along with it, your Reaction is also observed with amies In case of secondary Amin also this is it Similar will behave like a nucleophile You will find the electrophilic reaction of the carbonyl carbon The center was found in the presence of the base A reaction is taking place in which you have this Respective product is being formed So this is a reaction with acid chloride Now if we consider any anhydride Do that anhydrous to increase your carbs Acids form compounds such as, for example, this is your an hydride molecule is Even inside the anhydride molecule, you will find The nucleophilic substitution reaction is You can see carbon in it electrophilic center carbon of carbon of nuclei on the electrophilic center You will observe an attack that is quite similar you will use the mechanism here and You have a list of your final products formation happens now here we have a Symmetrical N-hydride Molecule Considered What should I do if I have an asymmetric an hydride? If you consider molecules then you will have Variations of products will come because your Different products will come near you Once you have a yes from the other group there will be an attack once from another group because If there are two carbons and one carbon, then from both of them you get Attack Possible show will be here and Respectively you have here asetic Acid will be released now this is also an acid So for this reason also you can use base here If you are using then this is the way you should use it here Aylan reactions are now available through assignments In reactions we have observed the presence of an acid group When I introduced it, I called it assign given that if we consider any benzoin group here will introduce the benzoin group which is your benzene molecule and If this group is attached to it then We call this molecule benzoin group If your molecule has a benzoyl group somewhere If there is an addition, what will you call it? benzoin reaction so here we have a Perform the benzoin reaction for which we are here When You Are Considering Benzole Chloride An amine molecule is converted into benzoyl chloride if you make me react with you then do the same again Nucleophilic Addition Substitution The reaction is observed in which this amine is a molecule which has nitrogen It has a lone pair above it which is the carbonyl Attack on the electrophilic center of carbon because of which you get exactly similar a product in this manner from the mechanism I get which one is your n methyl benza amide so here You again have the formation of an amide But here you have Benzoin Chloride has been used because of which there is a benzol The group is attached and because of this we The reaction is now called the benzoin reaction. Why did I explain it to you here? I did it because its similarity is very There is too much of Aile reaction so i hope you liked it here You must have understood this by just paying attention to this You have to give the word which you are understanding in your If there are alkynes for the reaction then somewhere alkynes will be assigned then somewhere yl If there is benzoin in the group then it will be added somewhere If there is addition of benzoin group then you will get if you have to keep holding the wad little by little You have heard the words in organic chemistry If you have learnt to catch it then you can easily to the reagent Identification So if you have multiple choices there There is a question and you are told this If I want to get an Ilon reaction done then what If you use reagents then you can easily Identification We should know, so in this way we By using small concepts, you can can solve organic chemistry Organic Chemistry He just needs to understand the basics little by little If the concepts are clear then you can easily clear organic chemistry people so this was all about the alien reaction Now let's move on towards the next category of reaction which is yours Carbide Amine Reaction Your Next Reaction is Carbide Amine reaction where you have a primary amine In this you will observe the reaction of What observation do you get that when you Primary amine can be dissolved in some chloroform and Alcoholic Acid of Potassium Hydroxide If you heat it with the solution, you will have Formation of a particular product occurs And that product is available to you cyanide or carbene amine with which Some side products are also released in and you can buy this product Identification The proceedings have been completed and in this reaction you will see Keep in mind that this reaction is yours Only and only primary Amin shows Secondary and Tursh Amin this reaction show is not there The reason for this is its mechanism You will find out what is not a part of your syllabus then you just keep in mind that our which is responsible for carbene amine reaction Molecules are only and only primary Secondary shows reactivity with amines and they don't show these reactions from Turk Amin So, in a way, you can say that We call carbide amine reaction as primary and One in the middle of the secondary tersh amine use it as a distinguishing factor or a primary amine Identification You can also say that the test which is here Your product is released, that carbine Along with amine you can also get isocyanide If you speak, this is the reason why you will speak here This is an isocyanide test which is Used for primary amine now here you will find One thing to keep in mind is that when you are here of this product from primary amine If you do a formation then many children will come I get a little confused thinking about carbine amine and here we go to the cyanide group Let's show the additions i.e. c a group attached whereas the attachment here is that n s is getting attached means reverse of cyanide which is isocyanide molecule then you will get this product here must be kept in mind because the most There is a lot of confusion about this product if this reaction happens then you will get this What points to keep in mind in reaction The first thing you need to keep in mind is that when we observe the carbene amine reaction If we do this then it is the reaction of the amine molecule in which we make him react with chloroform and a base which is your alcoholic potassium hydroxide solution which when heated If you do then you will have isocyanide or Carbide amine as a product will be released and some more side products will come along with it and The reaction you will have will be much more than this If foul smelling products are released You will easily find out that we have our compound has a primary amine or No, because this is our primary Amin Work towards the distinguishing factor of does Identification Ameen does not follow its mechanism and You need to know about carbene amine reaction for secondary and tursh amin is not available so this was All About the Carbyne Amine Reaction Now Let's move on towards the next category of reaction which is reaction with nitrous s acid so when we react with If we talk about nitrous acid then here nitrous acid means hno2 so here you can do different reactions with hno2 You will see when you are here with hno2 You will see the reaction and you will know primary amine hno2 with a different Reacting with aromatic amines Secondary amines are giving different reactions giving a different from and from Tursh Amin You are giving a different reaction now Only Primary Amin in the syllabus And reactions of aromatic amines are in your syllabus which is part of the Secondary and Tert Amis Product forms are your syllabus You don't have to do any part of it, just keep this in mind have to keep primary and second aromatic amine than you have a particular compound form which shows some similarity When you use secondary and tersh amnus If yes, you would have different products if they are there then we have them here for the time being You are not being included in the syllabus Just keep in mind that many times students They get confused when we get here But just to see the reaction of the primary amine If you are getting secondary and tersh amine that there will be no reaction in this You will take care of secondary and tersh amis also You will react with this but from here you Different products will be available and these The products are not in your syllabus yet So we are not discussing them here Here we are only and only primary amis and aromatic amine whose simplest The example is Aniline, we can consider her here So one by one we are doing these If we discuss the examples then here You have to keep in mind what happens when If we use nitrous acid here then How is nitrous acid formed when You can also use sodium nitrite nano2 hclo2 which is formation of nitrous acid which you see in your reaction When you use your reagents If you show it you can also use nitrous acid You can do it but most of the time you will be here on nano2 and hclo2 can also be found written so for this reason I am explaining it to you here First let us look at the reaction of primary amines When we look at the reaction of a primary amine So we find out that when the primary Amin which is an aliphatic in nature When you observe the reaction of someone with nitrous acid then here you will find of an initially unstable intermediate formation observe hoti hai which is yours Dijon salt which is known as dijon salt when you If you hydrolyze it, you will have it here formation of alcohol molecule occurs plus you also have nitrogen gas and It is being released, you can call it quantification You can use it for estimation If you remember, when we were in class 11th Organic chemistry was covered there We have used different compounds for Quantitation estimation was discussed And in that discussion we talked about nitrogen Quantitation estimation was also used When we discussed it there, we I saw that we had different reactions happen where when we have If nitrogen is released, then that nitrogen We estimate the release of if you are using your methods then here You also have this nitrogen which is being released Is You can use this nitrogen for your For and from Quantitation Estimation You can also make a list of different amino acids and proteins. If you can do estimation then here you can do this Nitrogen in Quantitation Estimation If you can use it then what do we know here It seems that when our primary aliphatic Amines show reaction with nitrous acid then we initially have an unstable The product comes which is your Dijon M Salt which behaves as an intermediate It does but due to being unstable Convert to other products very quickly tries to be so as soon as it Where can I get water from quickly? gets hydrolyzed and here you have but alcohol plus nitrogen and hcl-insys Make it react with acid a particular At low temperatures you have benzene dizone M chloride i.e. a diazone m salt formation will happen so salt will be formed in both I told you about similarity That is why in our products we use these We are discussing both of them here, so here but you have benzene disodium chloride re formation of a dijon am salt it happens along with some side products but A little bit of this Dijon M salt It is stable as compared to aliphatic Because of which here you will get a little bit It shows its presence which you can use You can buy different products We will use this for the formation of our I will tell you in the next lecture that here in this chapter we will only Not just amines, Dijon salts are also discussed in which you will see how You will use these Dijon M salts A large variety of products to fill the form so for now you just Just keep in mind that when we are here in primary aromatic amines with nitrous acid Let's make you react on a particular issue at temperature so here we have benzene Diiso rule of chloride diazone hum salts formation happens and you can get it from here You might have understood a little that when we We started the chapter in which we Dijon M salts and aniline or amine when I had introduced him then at that time We had said that we would take Dijon Salts Why are we discussing in this chapter because somewhere in their formation If there is evolution of Amin then here we will discuss about that We have discussed evolution, so we Discussion of our Dijon M Salts I started little by little, now slowly We are also moving towards Dijon Salts So that we can complete our chapter If possible, what clearance can you get from here that when we react with nitrous acid of different amine molecules If we look at the reaction, we have aliphatic And we can obtain amine in two ways- aromatic we divide it into individual and primary can be categorized into secondary and tertiary Now we know when we're here in primary If you are talking about secondary and tert All of them show our reactivity but what is the difference with nitrous acid Only primary comes in our syllabus The reactivity of amines is secondary and tertiary we don't have to do with secondary and tert You get a different product i.e. If the reaction happens with them too then I get confused such as carbide amine reaction should not occur I refused, not in this If it had happened then it would not have happened here either If shown then there is reaction here now There is also a Fard Hum category within the Primary Amin can be aliphatic and aromatic amine In both of them you will find products It has to be kept in mind that primary aliphatic When ammonas react with nitrous acid So you finally have an alcohol The molecule is then converted into diazone m sults. but they behave like intermediate because they are very unstable molecules If it does, it quickly converts into alcohol but when you are in primary You are talking about aromatic amines reactivity when you react with nitrous acid if you look at it you have a little Stability of Dijon M Salt The dijon m salt which is formed is called You can choose different varieties of products which you can use to make We will be adding different reagents and Respective of reagents is available to you There will be different products which we will In the upcoming lectures by Dijon M Salts Under Discussion You will do it so I hope you will find Amin's here Reactivity must have been understood well If there is any doubt with nitrous acid So you can ask in the comment section this was all about the reaction of amis with nitrous acid now let's move on towards next cutie of reaction which is Reaction with Aryl Sulfonyl chloride so when we react with aryl If you are talking about sulfonyl chloride then You can understand a little bit from the name here. It must be coming that somewhere or the other we will be here its reaction to aryl sulfonyl chloride and aryl sulfonyl Chloride means that we are getting some or the other Aromatic Compounds Considered because wherever the word arrive then It means some aromatic The substance in your reaction has evolved now Here you can find Aryl Sulfonyl Chloride as a Do you use a reagent whose reaction stops with different amine molecules Now you observe here as well Primary Secondary and Tersh Amin we will observe because the Amin we have it is divided into three categories Those whom we here at every classification that classification is given to every Let's discuss in reaction so here We also have discussion with those three categories So when we observe the reaction here If we do this, we come to know that Arail We also know about the reaction of sulfonyl chloride It is observed with primary and secondary But we don't have any reaction with Turkey what is the reason for this it is very simple We have been discussing this from the beginning So far, we have seen that we have a lot of All reagents shall be such that only Reactivity with primary and secondary will do the show won't do it with turks Because when we observe these molecules If we did, we would know that primary and of hydrogen inside the secondary amylase There is presence but in Tersh Amin Hydrogen atom is not present in which Because of this we know the reactivity of tert amine If observed very less then similar reasons because of here you will observe when you If you observe this reaction you will know this It will seem that in our reaction the hydrogen atom is the evolution of and the hydrogen atom is just And only for primary and secondary Amin It is available inside Available in Tersh Amis There is no such thing which is why we are getting this reaction I do not observe plus some of it And there are facts in this reaction too You will be able to observe while we discuss what facts are we going to tell you here Discussing Reactions so first of all primary arrow primary Let's discuss about Amin here So this is where you use reagents. benzene sulfonyl chloride in which you are you observing this is your sulfonyl chloride and this is your aryl component so here you have aryl sulfonyl Chloride reagent is used when you Reaction observed with primary amine If you do, you will find out that here But you will observe your sulfone mide Formation Sulfone Mide You Have Here You will observe that it is soluble in alkali in solution which means it is soluble In base now what does this statement mean First of all you should see here that whenever If you observe such a reaction then quickly use your short trick that our close by here Like you have this sulfur will combine with nitrogen and your Formation of a particular sulfone mide near Now there will be nitrogen in this sulphone mide what do you have hydrogen now this hydrogen Reactivity depends on whether it is acidic or not Is he showing the same behavior or not? On the basis of you can find its solution in alkali here You observe the reaction so we know If a molecule is soluble in alkali i.e. if it is soluble in base then its This means that the molecule shows acidic behaviour He is showing acidic behavior and we are not talking about it release of h positive ice of any molecule from there we observe that if If the positive gets released easily then it Molecule showing acidic behavior and h positive we release only from nitrogen we can do it because this is our The hydrocarbon part is here now when you look at it If you observe the hydrogen atom then you will It turns out that this hydrogen of it It is an atom and shows quite acidic behavior why does it show because you have There is a sulfo group attached here, which your sulfonyl group is this your Shows electron with drawing effect and the electron with drawing effect gives us Do you know that acid increases the behaviour? So this means that here you have this The molecule is which is sulfone mide Shows acidic behavior due to which You can observe its solubility here happens inside the base so here you can see a In this way we can say that when we take benzene sulfonyl chloride or any aryl primary amine of sulfonyl chloride If we look at the reaction with a sulfone amide comes in which nitrogen is near The hydrogen atom is present, which would be responsible for acidic behavior and for this reason you have to use this The solubility of the molecule is observed there is alkali inside but if we look at its Reaction observed with secondary amine If we do then in case of secondary Amin what happens if you have this benzene sulfonyl This is chloride again with similar mechanism Reaction show with your secondary amis It will do but the product will come to you here Which is your sulfone amide? Why would alkalis be insoluble inside it? will be insoluble because now the nitrogen There is no hydrogen available could explain his acidic behavior or acidic behavior within the molecule That means if you can introduce acidity if your molecule is not acidic So it will not solubilize in the base And that is why you cannot observe its subtitles. will be in alkali solution then you can solve both of these Understood the difference between reactions well The mechanism in both the reactions would be You are being followed exactly the same here Reaction Mill of Aryl Sulfonyl Chloride has been with primary and secondary Amin with a similar mechanism in which you have The products are also same in both You are having the formation of sulfone amide but what is the difference your one is coming The second product is of acidic nature The product does not show your acidic behavior because of which you know its solubility So it is being observed in the base but its We are not getting solubility, if we If you observe here then we have a reaction In which we have considered both of these Evolution of hydrogen in he amine Observe the reason behind our reaction from this we can say that when we are here Look at the reactions of primary and secondary amines. If yes then easily we can get our products We can meet but if we meet some turkey there If we consider amine then it contains hydrogen if there is no availability of that then it will be available to you will not release products i.e. there You have no reaction If you get it here then you can do it in one way You can classify it in such a way that we are arail Primary Secondary Sulfonyl Chloride And like Amis's distinguishing factor can be used to distinguish How can I use it for You will distinguish yourself by saying that ma'am how do we make primary secondary You will distinguish yourself like this Will you do that there is no doubt about primary and secondary There is a reaction going on here but this reaction This is happening when you add a different base In this once you have its component Disoldering so which Disoldering and any sulfone amide that you find it will not give you anything, if you have tursh amin in it Now this is the reaction you have to this The reaction is called the Hazen-Burgess reagent test. also why do we say it because the You can use aryl sulfonyl chloride here Are these actually Heinsberg Reagent so that's why we call it Hinsberg reagent They also say tests which are acts as a distinguishing factor It works as a distinguishing test for primary secondary and tersh amans so what will you observe here reaction is also called as heinsberg Reagent test which is used to Distinguished Primary Secondary and Tertiary a means now add para talon sulfonyl Chloride is used instead of Heinsberg reagents now here we go this joe hinsberg The reagent being used is benzene sulfonyl chloride instead we use para Tolvi sulfonyl chloride can also be used Nowadays it is used more: benzene In place of sulfonyl chloride here You have to keep in mind that Aryl Sulfonyl chloride which is yours in which we have benzene Sulfonyl Chloride Particular Reagent We are using Hinsberg reagent for this also speak and because of being Hinsberg reagent This reaction is also called the Heinsberg agent test. I say this because you can use this test You can primary, secondary and tersh amis to distinguish because we are able to easily observe primary and The reaction of the secondary amnus is that of the turgor There is no separate primary and secondary You can distinguish base add once that molecule of yours is in the base It will be soluble but not soluble the second time hoga so this is how you can observe the Distinguishing factors in case of primary secondary and tersh amis this was All About the Reaction with Aryl Sulfonyl chloride now let's move on towards your The next category of reactions which is Your Electrophilic Substitution reaction so whenever we Let's talk about substitution reactions One thing straight away strikes our mind happens that we have no aromatic The compound which has no electrophile so that we get a product because electrophilic substitution In reactions we will discuss this from class 11 We have been doing this plus with our minds I will strike one more thing that what we Let's consider aromatic compounds Some or the other substitute group present because if the group is not present So the electrophile can attach anywhere But if a group is presented, then it The group decides what it is which is your incoming electrophile Which position will be attacked? Its attachment will be ortho on meta on par or para and how do we decide that We are for him his resonant chords Let us see what we get from that resonant structure What observation can be found where? Where is electron density observed electron density is not observed and On the basis of that we can judge its reactivity. Let us explain, here we are talking about Amin Looking at Electrophilic Substitution So we will give you the basic example which is your Analine the molecule to reveal its resonating structures we will observe so that we can identify this The compound on which the amino group is present How does he show his behavior? is it like an activated group or a deactivated group Like the ing group if that active group If it happens then it will be ortho para directing If it is a deactivated group then it will be meta If there is directing then when we are here We have different resonances with molecules let's look at the structures we have here at Aniline We have considered the molecule and we know its Resonance occurs in a manner that we There are these different structures here You are being observed in these structures are you observing that our ortho and a negative charge on the para positions The negative charge which is developing What can you say about the development that our at ortho and para positions in the molecule the electron density is increasing and With whom should we observe its reaction? with the electrophile and that's your An electrophile is that electron If someone is deficient then he is always in a situation like this will try to find the side where Negative charge i.e. electron density If it is more, then we are observing it here that when we ortho mater para these three When comparing positions, Meta position, anywhere in any of our Charge does not accumulate on the resonant structure If it is working then charge is not coming on it There is no negative charge coming anywhere So its electron density is is maintained but if we take ortho and para If we look at the positions then there is a negative here charge is being created i.e. here the electron density has increased So here we have our ortho and para positions She will become more reactive and for this reason Because of this we say that our amino group hai which is your nh2 group this ortho Is it a para active group or you can say can you be ortho para directing group So what will you say here that our The amino group is an ortho para directing group which is your active group so If you have Aniline Molecule or any The aromatic amine molecule will be in front of it If any electrophile comes then it will be ortho Para Substitution Effect Show it will do but when you here different different The reactivity of the aniline molecule is determined by You will observe different things with electrophiles so you know this It would seem that the aniline molecule is too high If it is of reactive nature then here you will find some And you will have to involve other factors To show electrophilic substitution because if you take those factors into account If you don't evolve then you will have multi Formation of substituted products because we have Analine here the molecule which has the electrons of nitrogen Aren't they evolving a lot? in our resonance because of which his The reactivity increases significantly and we need to take a little bit of that reactivity into account we have to hold on to our molecules of mono substituted products for formation so we do it one by one Differentiate Different Electrophilic Reactions look at and observe in them how can we prepare this aniline molecule So let's handle reactivity as well Begin with your first electrophilic Substitution Reaction Which is Your Brom reaction so brom na reaction what are you will you observe we know what brome means addition of bromine molecule and also know this that when we add a bromine molecule So if we do that, we're going to add a bromine ion here. because electrophile what are we If it is B positive then from where do we generate it? do that to our bromine molecule now When we observe its reaction with our anline i.e. direct when you React it with bromine water. So here you have to try substitute You will get the product which is your 246 try why would we get bromo analine because we we have already seen that our In electrophilic aromatic substitution When we are observing its reactivity were there we found out that Aniline molecule which is ours because of the amino group Our aromatic compound gets activated His reactivity has increased a lot This happens because the lone pair of nitrogen They are very much involved with us inside this resonance due to which we get its Usually multi substituted products You get formation but you always have to do these With multi substituted products Not observing your reaction Because there are many such reactions Where you will find mono substitute products Now there is a requirement for those products how will you form it that is desired You will have to form the product, right? For that we did a little different step let's move on to the side where what we're going to do is The reactivity of this amino group of ours we will decrease it a little and its We slightly decrease reactivity Let's do it the same way as other groups what will you do here by combining them together In a way, we call our amino group I will protect it and you will protect it How will you do some of its property? You will change the amino group here. formation of an amino acid group instead what will you do means what will you do here its aile and this reaction we already previous We have already discussed it in the reactions where we I saw that for Aile we are different You use different reagents You can use any oil chloride there yes you are using any acid or hydride there you can use asters if you can By using one of those reagents, we First of all, we have to understand the oil content of our molecule. We will get it done in which what happens to you is ours There is addition of aryl group on nitrogen because of which your amino group it gets protected and then you Further mono substituted products are available so here what are you going to do first will you protect your amino group inside which we will assign inside it and ayle how are we doing n hydride and in the presence of the base in which we know that why we use base because We have an acid as a side product The forward shift of the equilibrium reaction To do this we can remove that side product acid they keep using it together because of which Our reaction is a forward shift so here as soon as we do the assignment We will do this for you, we have these asset products what will you tell the person who comes that this is your acid allied molecule which When you first encounter acid-alloyed molecules get electrophilic substitution done ie Here when we get it bromated then You will get mono substituted products you will meet him because now whatever you have reactivity may decrease a bit in which you still have ortho para Only substituted products are available Because here also you will get the same reaction Loan payers are getting evolution in this This evolution is visible in a way that Negative on your ortho and para positions Development of charge occurs due to electrons Density is increasing what does this mean Still ortho para activity of tongue group It is working like that but here we see Mono substituted products are available No tri-substituted products simultaneously so here you are in major minor You can decide, we know our The para product is major product because it has symmetry and if you change its hydraulic Whether you want it done or acidic hydrolase Or get basic hydraulics done, any one of you you can use yours finally the amino group comes back and you're back You can view your final product so if you do direct bromination here If I would have got this amine molecule done then you What Tri Subs products are available here But if you take a little protection You took help because of which you finally got your Mono substituted in product Now you can observe the formation of the products You will say that it is ok maam you have explained it to me that its reactivity is more than amino of groups because there are electrons There is more evolution due to which Multi substituted in our and there Products are available but you also told me this that we provide protection and then you say you are saying that the evolution of the electron is the same in a way so we have protection here how did it happen how can we believe that its here If the reactivity decreases then you can do it for Observe how we respond to these observe the evolution of electrons so when you're here the benzene You have seen this acyl group on the molecule has been introduced with nitrogen If you look at its structure, you will see that It turns out that the nitrogen present here Now there are only and only loan payers of You don't have to evolve with benzene It also evolves with the oil group and here you will find its carbonel electrons are transferred to carbon in this manner If evolution is found here then in this way A resonant structure also comes from where you can say that now this The lone pair of nitrogen atom is that less pair of nitrogen atom. is available for the benzene ring because Here is its availability in Carbonell It also turned towards the group so because of this This is the activated group effect of NHCOCH3 The acid of the allied group becomes less compare to amino group and that's why you Slightly less reactivity is observed as compared to amino groups and there You will need mono substituted products If you get formation then you will get the same fact here But all the electrophilic Things to keep in mind in substitution reactions that whenever we add any aromatic amine specially of aniline molecule electrophilic substitution reaction if you get direct substitution done So you have multi substituted Products will come or in some reaction it would be a mess but if you had seen that reaction The amino group inside is protected due to the introduction of an acid group So there you have mono substituted The formation of products will happen so this was Your First Electrophilic Substitution reaction which is your broom reaction now Let's move on towards your next Electrophilic Substitution Reaction Which is nitre reaction so when we If we say reaction word then here again Nitre is clear to us from our word itself me addition of a nitro group and nitro group we know that when we take hno3 and h2so then we have nitro The group as an electrophile is released From here we have no2 positive edge n electrophile get now this electrophile No doubt we are getting a reaction from this now what happens here if You can use a strong nitrating group If you do it, that means you will directly put hno3 So what do you have multi substituted Products will come which will be messed up again will go but if you put hno3 and h2so here 4 You are using both strong acids so here you have mono Substituted products are coming soon Desired products are not arriving because You will observe that here you have Triad of ortho meta and para triads products are coming and when you Ortho Meta Para observing all three products and if you are looking at its percentage then you It turns out that meta and para The percentage is very similar and Ortho percentage is very less whereas it It should have been that ortho and para which That is a small percentage Even if a comparator is being made, it will be very small It was needed but here it has turned out the opposite How do we explain this thing, so To explain it we have to go here We will have to look at its substitute group because whatever we have where In electrophilic substitution reactions Ortho Meta products are available They come only because of the substitute group if we have any ortho para If the active group is ortho para position Attack occurs if deactivated group If it happens then the meta position gets attacked now You will say that mam group is amino group Amino group means ortho and para So how did the meta product come into position now? He will tell you about this reagent here when we What kind of reagent are you using? We are using very strong acids and we know what Amin Group is a it's a basic group, like it will get an acid, will try to get h positive quickly And what will this Amin do here? this is your group it will convert it to nh3 Positive means inside the ammonium ions which because you have this meta here The directing effect will start showing because We know that this NH3 is positive you have a deactivated group and nh2 is If this is your active group then click here But we will see two effects Because of which you have para and meta More products will come and ortho products This ortho pro meta will cost very less This product is the reason for your nh3 positive it is coming from and this is the para product coming because of nh2 and a little bit more You also have these Ortho products on the side will go i.e. here again our amino If the reactivity of the group is getting in the way This means that the amino group is so much We are reactive in every reaction One has to try something or the other No need to use any protection So that we can see the proper reactions of that group Identification of reaction products Again we will protect it in which Here we again assign this reaction in which we will get it done for nitrogen group You will make these products which is your acid Analyte and its mono substitutes Observe the products so what will you have here is this which is the amine molecule this amine molecule that you are the first after etide when you here nitrating If you use agents then you will have para And ortho products will come which will include para Product We Major Here symbol same use whose fard are you when you acid or If you get basic hydrolysis done then your This asset light group is yours again If Amin gets converted inside the group then In this way you can obtain the monomer of your molecule. Observe substituted products You can now understand these reactions that I am telling you Yes, you have to understand them very carefully because when you question your For conversion, these reactions are called You will use a lot of it What do these middle class students do? directly by skipping the parts If you add the reagent then there will be your You will not get this Desire product which you You must have given something in the question Such products will come and then the question will be wrong If it happens then to prevent that thing listen carefully here Taking and specifically electrophilic in substitution reactions because very More confusion is created for children Which reagent to use where and when so this was all about the nitre reaction Now let's move on towards sulfonate Reaction Now with the sulfonate reaction when we Observe this reaction using sulfonate With reagents, we know that For sulfonate we use sulfuric acid I use it and you will say ma'am again Here we have sulfuric acid strong If we use acid then we will again get NH3 It will become positive, it will definitely happen here We got nh3 positive who has his Salt was also prepared because it is h2so 4 In this, H positive is getting released. What releases from here do you have? positive plus hso4 negative so if this h From the combination of positive here If you get NH3 positive then this will be your This is a positively charged ion will not combine with the negative charge and you will have a salt which is your Anilinium hydrogen sulphate is now Anilinium Hydrogen Sulphate When You Obtain It If you heat it it would rearrange you and this way you get sulfenic acid i.e. formation of a sulfo netted product It is observed but this is sulphonated The product is this little zwitterion Existence will show in formation because here what you have is so3h no its h positive gets released which in this way by rearranging inside the molecule from which you will see zwitterion ion form Now many students will be observed You might be getting confused with the zwitter ion that what did the word jitter ion come in so when we We talk about Jwitter ice, this ice, that molecules where you have Both positive and negative would come are inside the same molecule so We call these molecules zwitterions You can use your protein molecules in this way see you or else you can say that your The amino acids that are present in the body there are such molecules because our within amino acids there is na an nh2 and between has a chain and a c group on the side So from here h positive is released then Because of which there is CO2 positive gain here due to which there is nh3 positive formation happens, you can keep this thing in your Discuss in next chapter bio molecule you will do it there we will make a lot of Jwitter ice If you use it more then use Jwitter ice You can understand some basic concepts here it is possible that molecules that have positive and negative charge both are same We will show you the existence in the molecule We call those molecules sweater ices So this is how you can control your reaction Observe the sulfonate of the amine molecule so this was all about the sulfonate reaction and along with it your Electrophilic substitution reaction is Completed now here is what we have Electrophilic Substitution Reaction I have completed it, you all have one in your mind The question must have definitely come that maam we Any number of molecules within any chapter have discussed whether we drink alcohol We have discussed whether we have added phenols Discuss whether aldehyde is a ketose have you discussed it or carbocysteine had evolved a lot and every time We did Evolve in which we did Friddle Craft We saw two types of reactions what did you see we have a friddle craft Friedel Craft reaction occurs In the reaction we can see the alkyne and used to observe assignment reactions inside which we have an alkynes what did we do in this we had a Alkynes were our oil reagents which we call in the presence of loose acid They used to have reaction shows and we had Finally our Vivo Vs Alcatel products used to come but here you have friedl There was no mention of Kraft reaction so this means the amine molecule Friedel Crafts do not react, absolutely correct You will need to craft a frill of amine molecule I don't get any reaction, why not this now that question can be asked Because you have already said that no There is no reaction, why is there no How will you answer that? You will find it here. You will find it in its reagent, see when we add amine If we talk about molecules then amine How are molecules basic in nature Absolutely correct and we know the basics These are nature's molecules, they can be easily has a habit of showing reaction to any with acid and here's what we mainly do Those loose bases are talking about bassity we are talking about because we have this What is the lone pair and lone near nitrogen Pair means that it gives loan to its payers keeps looking for a place to donate and If we use loose acid in the reaction So what are leuc acids? Electrons Difficulty sites means these can be accessed from anywhere If electrons are needed then what is this? which these Amin groups will do here What loans do these Amin groups have? Payers who donate to their loan payers We will give some loose acid for example alcl3 so what will happen to us because of this formation of an adduct within the molecule That means there will be one such The complexion molecules will combine with your loose acid and when your loose acid By combining this amine molecule with If he goes, what further reaction will he show Because why do we use loose acid so that we could get more out of our reagents Now the loose electrophile can be generated The electrophile generation of the acid is He had left that job and gone to this Amin with the molecule i.e. reactant If it is combined then electrophile will be taken from here will not be generated and electrophile will be generated If it is not there then you will not have a reaction and If the elective reaction is not taking place, then you From here you will observe that our Ameen He is not doing the Friedel Craft Reaction Show So this is the reason why you are here Can you explain and tell us that our The amines are Friedel Crafts reaction why don't you do a show because on this The question is asked a lot that we have every Friedel in each molecule in the chapter Graft reactions are discussed i.e. In electrophilic aromatic substitution Your Friedel Craft Reaction is Very If you play an important role here Why did we have those reactions with Amin? If you did not discuss it then you can give the reason here You can easily explain that when we are Amin in the presence of any other acid When they try to make you react, they Reactivity cannot happen because we have Here also I observed everywhere that when We use strong acids in our reactions are using it at that time our Ameen who they're getting converted into ammonium ions Because of which, inside our reaction Disturbances are coming for those disturbances To prevent this we use different amino groups what do we get done, do we get protection done Because of which we become more individual within Him Steps start increasing here now But this loose acid that you have is forms an adduct with it due to which You do not find its products here so because of this reason we are Friedel Crafts Alkynes Reactions or Assignment reactions are not observed so this was all about the electrophilic Aromatic substitution for amine molecule and along with it your chemical reactions for The amine molecule is complete and its And our today's lecture also ends with this. where we have discussed the different properties of the amine molecule Discuss different properties with everyone First we discussed the physical properties After that we studied the chemical properties Discuss in which we had different reactions I had discussed it with you, I hope you liked it I understood all the reactions well If you have any doubt then you can comment You can ask in the section but you will have to It has to be kept in mind that in the reactions We have taken care of every small fact that somewhere inside some reaction we have Observe evolution in another way have we done it somewhere we should evolve the steps a little extra so that we can protect it we can make mono substituted products by Somewhere we have primary with secondary Reaction Observe Curry not with turkey Somewhere we observe the reaction but it is ours It is not a part of the syllabus and somewhere we have Distinguishing Factors for Those Reactions That is, even like a distinguishing test if you have used all these small things then Only when you keep the points in mind, you will be able to you will be able to use them in questions and You will be able to answer your questions easily I hope you like the video and if you like the video then do like and share the video and also subscribe to our channel thank you [music]