Overview
This lecture explores diplomatic nationalism during the Era of Good Feelings, focusing on the Transcontinental Treaty and the Monroe Doctrine under John Quincy Adams and President James Monroe.
Diplomatic Nationalism and Key Figures
- Economic and judicial nationalism were matched by diplomatic nationalism during the Era of Good Feelings.
- John Quincy Adams, a highly skilled Secretary of State, expanded American influence and clarified borders.
- Adams sought to solidify U.S. dominance in the Western Hemisphere and gain European respect.
The Florida Crisis and U.S. Expansion
- Spain's weak control over Florida led to cross-border raids and conflicts with Native Americans.
- Andrew Jackson invaded Spanish Florida, attacking Seminole villages and Spanish forts, exceeding his orders.
- Jackson’s actions led to an international incident but gave the U.S. leverage over Spain.
The Transcontinental Treaty (Adams-OnÃs Treaty)
- Negotiated by John Quincy Adams, the treaty was signed in 1819.
- Spain ceded Florida to the U.S. for $5 million.
- The treaty established the western boundary of the Louisiana Purchase, stretching to the Pacific Ocean.
- The treaty showcased diplomatic nationalism by expanding U.S. territory and influence.
The Monroe Doctrine
- Triggered by fears of European re-colonization in Latin America after Spain’s decline.
- The U.S. initially considered a joint declaration with Britain, but Adams advocated for an independent stance.
- Announced in Monroe’s 1823 State of the Union Address, the doctrine had four main points:
- Closed the Western Hemisphere to further European colonization.
- Declared attempts to extend European monarchies as threats to U.S. peace and safety.
- Pledged no interference with existing European colonies or European internal affairs.
- Although ignored at the time, Britain enforced the doctrine in practice.
Legacy and Impact of the Monroe Doctrine
- Became a lasting cornerstone of U.S. foreign policy in the Western Hemisphere.
- Influenced major events such as the purchase of Alaska, Spanish-American War, and Cuban Missile Crisis.
- Helped prevent loss of independence among Latin American nations to external invaders.
Key Terms & Definitions
- Diplomatic Nationalism — Use of foreign policy to promote national interests and expand influence.
- Transcontinental Treaty (Adams-OnÃs Treaty) — 1819 agreement ceding Florida to the U.S. and defining its western border to the Pacific.
- Monroe Doctrine — 1823 U.S. policy prohibiting further European colonization and intervention in the Americas.
Action Items / Next Steps
- Review the text of the Monroe Doctrine.
- Study the map of territorial changes after the Transcontinental Treaty.
- Prepare notes on the impact of Jackson’s Florida campaign.