AP Human Geography Unit 7 Review Notes

Overview

• Unit 7 Focus: Industrial and Economic Development Patterns and Processes
• Exam Preparation: Review key concepts from the College Board Course Exam Description (CED) that may appear on the exam.
• Streaming Schedule:
  • Two days of review before the AP exam, including FRQ tips and multiple choice strategies.

Key Concepts

Industrial Revolution

• Impact:
  • Massive societal changes, including food surpluses, urbanization, new social classes, and shifts in labor from primary to secondary sectors.
  • Connection to demographic transition model (DTM) and agricultural revolutions.
• Social Changes:
  • Creation of urban poor, middle class, and upper economic class.
  • Connection to colonialism, imperialism, and world religions (Unit 4 & 3).
• Cottage Industries:
  • Small-scale production pre-industrialization, replaced by factory-based mass production.

Economic Development

• Uneven Economic Development:
  • Global disparities in development, related to world-system theory and dependency theory.
  • Connection to exploitation of resources and social inequalities.

Economic Sectors

• Primary Sector:
  • Extraction of natural resources (e.g., agriculture, mining, fishing).
• Secondary Sector:
  • Manufacturing and industrial jobs (e.g., construction, car manufacturing).
• Tertiary Sector:
  • Services (e.g., healthcare, education, retail).
• Quaternary Sector:
  • Knowledge-based jobs (e.g., research, IT).
• Quinary Sector:
  • Decision-making roles (e.g., CEO, government leaders).

Additional Terms

• Value-Added Products:
  • Products that have been processed to increase value (e.g., coffee at Starbucks).
• Capital Investment:
  • Resources used for production to generate future profits.
• Break of Bulk Point:
  • Location where goods are transferred between different modes of transportation.

Models of Development

• Weber's Least Cost Theory:
  • Emphasizes location decisions based on transportation, labor, and agglomeration costs.
• Core, Semi-Periphery, and Periphery Countries:
  • Classification based on economic development levels.
• Wallerstein’s World System Theory:
  • Connection between core and periphery countries in a global economy.
• Dependency Theory:
  • Focus on how developing countries rely on developed countries for resources and economic growth.

Sustainability

• UN Sustainable Development Goals:
  • Key areas for global improvement (e.g., education, gender equality).
• Natural Resource Management:
  • Concepts of sustainability, environmental degradation, and resource depletion.

Review Strategies

• Practice FRQs and MCQs:
  • Use past AP exam questions to practice.
• Utilize Study Groups:
  • Engage in collaborative learning through Discord or peer study sessions.
• Focus on Task Verbs:
  • Understand what each task verb in the FRQ requires (e.g., explain, identify).

Final Thoughts

• Students are encouraged to stay focused, manage exam stress, and trust in their preparation.
• Reminder of the importance of teacher support and community during exam season.