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KAFA SKELETNN
# BTN
## Di Hekimlii 1 CRANIUM
>
Ban ekil ve byklnde farkllklar grlebilir.
>
Ban iki yars arasnda asimetri olduu yaplan
bilimsel almalarla tespit edilmitir, hatta bataki
hemen hemen tm deliklerde de asimetri
bulunmaktadr.
>
Baa nden bakldnda en -boy oran 6/8' dir. Yz ykseklii:
nasion -gnathion aras
uzaklk
>
Yz genilii: her iki os
zygomaticum'un en
kntl d noktalar
arasndaki uzaklk ocuklarda yzn ykseklii erikinlere gre
daha ksadr; nk paranazal sinuslar
(zellikle sins maxillaris) henz tam
gelimemitir.
>
Erikinlerde diler km, paranazal sinsler
gelimi ve ramus mandibulae uzam olduu
iin yzn ykseklii artar.
>
Yallarda di kayplar ve alveollerde
rezorpsiyon olur, yzn ykseklii tekrar
ksalarak ocukluk dnemindeki haline dner. Brakiosefalik
(Trk rknda sk)
%83 ve
nsanlarda bulunan farkl ba tipi
(Ba indexi= Ban enine ap : Ban n -arka apx100 )
Mezosefalik
(%75 -80)
Dolikosefalik
> (Kuzey Avrupada sk)
> %75 ve
nsanlardaki bulunan 3 farkl yz tipi
Orthognathic tip Retrognathic tip Prognathic tip Sutura coronalis
Sutura sagittalis
Sutura lambdoidea
Bregma
Lambda
Obelion
## Norma superior Fonticulus (fontonella veya bngldak) kkrdak
dokudan yaplm membranlar
fonticulus anterior
(Bregma ),
fonticulus posterior
(Lambda ),
fonticulus anterolateralis
(sphenoidalis)
(Pterion )
fonticulus posterolateralis
(mastoideus)
(Asterion )NORMA LATERALIS
PTERION
ASTERION
VERTEX
OCCIPUT
GONION FOSSA TEMPORALIS
>
Crista infratemporalis ; fossa temporalisi fossa
infratemporalisten ayrr .
>
Arcus zygomaticus
>
Fossa mandibularis
>
Crista supramastoidea
>
Porus acusticus externus
>
Proc . mastoideus
>
Proc . styloideus STEPHANION
PORION FOSSA TEMPORALIS
>
inde
>
M.temporalis
>
N.facialisin temporal dallar
>
N.zygomaticatemporalis
>
A.v.temporalis superficialis
>
N.auriculotemporalis
>
A.v.temporalis media FOSSA INFRATEMPORALIS
>
Arcus zygomaticusun i tarafnda ve aasnda
bulunur .
>
Maxillann facies infratemporalisi
>
Proc . zygomaticusun arka ksm,
>
Tuberculum articulare,
>
Spina ossis sphenoidalis,
>
Ala majoris ossis sphenoidalisin alt ksm,
>
Squama temporalisin alt ksm,
>
Maxillann alveolar knts
>
Pterigoid kntnn lamina lateralisi ile snrlanmtr .FOSSA INFRATEMPORALIS
>
inde
>
A.maxillaris ve dallar(zellikle a.meningea media)
>
Parotis bezinin derin paras
>
Ganglion oticum
>
M.temporalisin insertiosu
>
M.pterygoideus medialis ve lateralis
>
N.mandibularisin dallar(n.lingualis, n.alveolaris
inferior ve n.auriculotemporalis)
>
Chorda tympani For . ovale,
For . spinosum,
Canalis
alveolarislerin
arka aklklar
Fissura orbitalis
inferior ile fissura
pterygomaxillaris
dik a oluturacak
ekilde birleirler .FISSURA ORBITALIS INFERIOR
>
Orbita , fissura orbitalis inferior aracl ile fossa temporalis,
infratemporalis ve pterygopalatina ile balant kurar .FISSURA ORBITALIS INFERIOR
>
inden
>
N.maxillaris
>
A.v.infraorbitalis FISSURA PTERYGOMAXILLARIS
>
Maxilla ile proc . pterygoideus arasndadr .
>
Fossa infratemporalisi fossa pterygopalatinaya balar .FOSSA PTERYGOPALATINA
(4 duvarl pramide benzer)
>
Orbitann tepesinin hemen arkasnda fissura
orbitalis inferior ile fissura pterygomaxillarisin
birleme yerinde bulunur .
>
Corpus sphenoidale
>
Proc . pterygoideusun taban,
>
Ala majorun n yz
>
Maxillann facies infratemporalisi,
>
Os palatinumun lamina perpendicularisi, proc .
orbitalisi ve proc . sphenoidalisi ile snrlanr .FOSSA PTERYGOPALATINA
(4 duvarl pramide benzer)
>
inde n. maxillaris, ggl . pterygopalatinum ve a.
maxillarisin u dallar bulunur .
>
Fossa pterygopalatinaya 5 delik alr .
1) For . rotundum
2) Canalis pterygoideus
3) Canalis palatovaginalis (pharyngeus)
4) For . sphenopalatinum
5) Canalis pterygopalatinus FOSSA PTERYGOPALATINA
>
inde
>
N. maxillaris
>
A. maxillaris terminal ksm
>
Ganglion pterygopalatinum
>
N. canalis pterygoidei (vidian siniri) NORMA FACIALIS
>
Tuber frontale
>
Arcus superciliaris
>
Glabella
>
Nasion
>
Proc . zygomaticus
>
For . supraorbitale
>
For . infraorbitale
>
Spina nasalis anterior
>
For . zygomaticofaciale
>
Trigonum mentale
>
Protuberentia mentalis
>
Tuberculum mentale
>
For . mentale
>
Apertura piriformis Orbita
Yz iskeletinde taban (aditus orbitae ) nde, tepesi arkada
olan piramid eklindeki kemik yapdr
4 kenar;
## ~Margo supraorbitalis
## ~Margo infaorbitalis
## ~Margo medialis
## ~Margo lateralis
4 duvar;
## ~Paries superior
## ~Paries inferior
## ~Paries medialis
## ~Paries lateralis Paries superior (st duvar)
>
Frontal ve sfenoid kemik
tarafndan oluturulur
>
fossa glanduale
lacrimalis
>
canalis opticus Paries medialis (i duvar)
* nden arkaya,
>
Maxilla (processus frontalis )
>
Os lacrimale
>
Os ethmoidale
* n ksmnda;
>
fossa sacci lacrimalis
>
sulcus lacrimalis
> Dacryon
Paries inferior (alt duvar) Alt ve i duvarlar orbitann en ince duvarlardr; gze
gelen darbelerde en kolay krlan blmlerdir
>
Maxilla
(facies orbitalis )
>
Zigomatik kemik
(facies orbitalis )
>
Palatin kemik
(proc . orbitalis )
D duvardan fissura orbitalis inferior ile ayrlr. Paries lateralis (d duvar)
*Os zygomaticum
(proc . frontalis )
* Os sphenoidalis
(ala major )Fissura orbitalis superior
>
N. oculomotorius
>
N. trochlearis
>
N. abducens
>
N. ophthalmicus
>
V. ophthalmica
superior NORMA OCCIPITALIS
>
Lambda (os suturale)
>
Protuberentia occipitalis
externa (inion)
>
Linea nuchalis
suprema&superior&inferior
>
Crista occipitalis externa
>
Planum occipitale
>
Planum nuchale
>
Proc . mastoideus
>
For . mastoideum NORMA INFERIOR (BASALIS)
Palatum durum ;
> n maxilla proc .palatinus
> arka os palatinum lamina
> horizontalis
For . incisivum
Spina nasalis posterior
For . palatinum majus
Proc . pyramidalis
Foramina palatina minora
Choanae
Fossa pterygoidea
Fossa scaphoidea
Hamulus pterygoideus
Tuberculum
pharyngeum
For . lacerum 8 haftalk fetus 10 haftalk fetus
biiateral dudak -damak yar Tek tarafl dudak -damak yar Damak yar NORMA INFERIOR
>
Foramen ovale
>
For . spinosum
>
Spina ossis sphenoidalis
>
Fossa mandibularis
>
Tuberculum articulare
>
Proc . styloideus
>
For . stylomastoideum
>
nc . mastoidea
>
Sulcus arteriae occipitalis
>
Apertura interna/externa
canalis carotici
>
Sulcus tuba auditivae
>
For. jugulare
>
For. magnum
>
Condylus occipitalis
>
Proc. mastoideus
>
Fossa condylaris,
>
Canalis nervi hypoglossi.