let's dive into types of practice straight away and start thinking about part practice and i've i've decided to kind of put down the base of what this is on the screen for you so how do we do part practice i'm using example from sewing in fact i'll be quite a consistent example through the tutorial and please notice i am not talking here about manual guidance which we can clearly see going on in this particular images that's not the focus of this although you can you can combine guidance with practice types and this sort of thing but here's how it's done when we are doing part practice we break a movement into its subroutines and we practice each subroutine separately and clearly we see some work going on on the arm action to presumably some front crawl here now what i want to do here is i want to address the evaluative nature of this what are the strengths in green what are the weaknesses in red of this mechanism well the first thing is it's really good for low organization skills so a skill that can be broken down into separate teams of course called organizational skills so it's of course it's good for these secondly it's also for complex skills now remember complex skills are those with a high perceptual load lots of decision making if we can break those into smaller chunks that can help it's also really good for detailed coaching okay for detail or detailed work and i would specifically add to this the notion of fine tuning okay so doing part practice is really effective and getting the real detail maybe this is all about this elbow getting a little bit higher fine-tuning that skill now there are of course weaknesses to this the first one is that the performer is going to get no overall kinesthetic sense so of course they're just going to be practicing sort of elements subroutines of the skills so they're not for quite a long time going to get a sense of what it feels like as a whole that's a weakness um the performer may lack understanding so because we're getting into the real sort of weeds of a particular technique the real fine detail or something that requires a lot of understanding on the part of the learner in this case it's also and this is a theme we'll come back to quite a bit in this tutorial it's quite time consuming folks and what we mean by that of course if you've got to work on every single skill it's going to take time right and also it's what we describe as far transfer now far transfer has all kinds of issues but in essence it means that we're not practicing like the thing is in real life or in the competition type match race type scenario we call that far transfer so those are the elements of part practice we use to evaluate now of course the other way of doing this is to do a whole practice there are others by the way what is whole practice where we do it by coaching an entire skill and we don't break it down to subroutines so you'll notice here that i've sort of given like a swimming race with a whole of different performer that doesn't have to be a race but you can see this is the entire technique this is the dive star the stroke the turn if there is one etc etc etc so we do the whole thing together so what's good and bad about this well first of all the positives it's really good for high organization skills okay so if we're working with a high organization skill that can't be broken down into subroutine then it's really good for that secondly is it develops a kinesthetic sense now let's assume it's the right kinesthetic sense that of course is beneficial because then the performer can auto correct the self-correct it's also what we describe as near transfer it's much more similar to what the person is going to experience in the actual event they're going to take part in it improves fluency because of course they're doing the whole skill together and the other thing it's a really nice time for you to get into your answers try and get the and the wording of timing in whole practice is really good for timing and sequencing it actually gets the whole movement uh clearer it up arrow it increases understanding so the performer knows at each part of this and they can sort of put those things together it's really good for what we describe as ballistic actions so actions that are particularly explosive think about a really powerful golf drive for example it's also really good for discrete skills so a skill that has a clear beginning and end we find the whole practice is particularly useful for them and the other thing is that generally speaking it helps to learn quickly or at least to get to the point where you're doing the whole thing quickly right but again there are drawbacks what is it well it's very hard for cognitive learners okay so our novice learners are gonna find this tricky because there's a huge amount to perhaps master here they need probably skills to be broken down for them it's also and again these things overlap it's also not particularly effective for young performers young performers are going to get kind of overburdened with this type of practice it's also hard to isolate errors i want to be clear here it's not hard to detect errors we're going to come back to that in a second but it's actually hard to isolate those errors because you're doing the thing as a whole you've also got the notion that some skills are too dangerous so if i was doing an inversion on the trampoline for the first time let's say a somersault then it's not a good idea as a whole practice to begin with because i might get hurt i might get hurt and also there's a lot to learn and that might slow things down okay so by breaking them into parts maybe in our previous method that might be more beneficial now that's all well and good but are there alternatives well yes there is we have the whole part whole practice so how does this work well we practice the skill as a whole that's here we then detect what the errors are in performance we then isolate and practice those errors in part once we've done that we put the skill back together again we practice it as a whole we confirm the errors are corrected and then we'll find the other error and work on that this is called whole part whole practice so what's good about this first of all it is absolutely brilliant for serial skills so anything which is a series of discrete elements linked together is absolutely superb it's really good for routines oh sorry folks forgive me i was actually writing from the wrong part of my paper there going into autopilot mode so let's let's scrub those in fact say what i'm going to do i'm going to get rid of those bits all together sorry you must think i'm absolutely useless sometimes but it's the reality of real life so strengths of whole pro whole practice it's got the benefits at least you know what's going to come on the next one right benefits of whole and path it's got the benefits of hole and part so both whole and part are sort of maximized i suppose it's really really good for error detection okay so error detection is a really nice feature of this particular part we've also got the notion that it's got um it's got detailed understanding of parts so what i mean by that is yes we're doing the thing uh of doing the whole skill together and that's really important from the kinesthetic perspective but we've also got the detailed understanding of parts and that can really help athletes to improve also it's really good for what we describe as autonomous based learners so autonomous days so really good quality learners and athletes will benefit from this a great deal to finish off with on this particular one we need to look at the negatives well the first one is it takes time it's time consuming it might not be all so practical and we'll come to that second it's no good for groups so if you've got to do this for groups the errors could all be different therefore it's more of an individual kind of process and it's not practical for beginners okay it's not practical for beginners so the practicality of this is perhaps the issue can you maybe sort of reflect then the whole pothole is a brilliant model the problem with it is just the practice how do you actually go about doing it now this is where i want to get kind of into the last bit of this and i didn't put this in advance i want to talk to you about progressive part practice now i specifically didn't prepare this in fact because i really want uh if i spell it right it would help practice so how do we do progressive part practice let me set it up in the same let me set it up in the same way i've done with the other ones how do we do it well the first thing we do is we take apart we isolate it so we've got a part isolated and practiced now there's no surprise there that feels a bit like part practice right well that's absolutely true but then what we do is we take the next part next part and we isolate and practice now this is kind of where it gets a little bit more interesting right what we're then going to do is we're then going to take the first and second and practice together so the way i would summarize this for you is it's a it's a model of chaining so what we would do is if i was practicing skill a of let's say a the leg kick technique and break stroke i practice that on its own the next thing i would do is i would practice b but then the next thing that i would do is i would practice a and b together now b might have been the arm action so now as i do the i do the leg action i then practice the arm action separately then i practice them together maybe part c is the breathing technique but what we do after that is that we then practice a i've forgotten my colors b and c together in other words we're chaining these movements together we're building up this routine and this sequence so what's good about it well they are really it's really effective for serial skills especially routines really effective for that let me put the word routines in here because i think it's a really important one for you to grasp it's also it builds relationships between components now i cannot emphasize enough the importance of this in something that has like aesthetic quality to it like gymnastics between elements so i might have a great handstand i might have a great tumble but how do i connect those together progressive part practice is really good at developing that but what are the weaknesses well guess what it's time consuming guess what we've also got the notion that we've got no overall kinesthetic sense until the end till the very end so the kinesthetic sense only comes at the very end of the process when i put it all good so it's no good for discreet skills so we can't use it for discrete skills so they're no good it's no good for what we would describe as continuous skills it's no good for them because of course by their nature of them rules them out from this particular and it's no good for high organization so all of those are kind of ruled out because of course the high organization can't be broken down into parts so there are four different types of practice all of which you've now got an evaluative process to answer in your responses thanks