Anatomy Lecture Notes

Introduction

• Medicosis Perfectionalis YouTube channel: Anatomy playlist
• Over 150 videos covering various anatomical topics
• Topics include: bones, muscles, joints, skin, fascia
• Playlist structured with initial review videos for condensed learning
  • Topics like head, thorax, abdomen, pelvis, extremities, embryology, and neuroanatomy

Meaning of Anatomy

• Anatomy: "Anna" means up, "Tome" means to cut - literally means to cut up
• Histology and Pathology: microtome is a device that cuts into micro slices

Key Topics

1. Anatomical Terms and Positions

   • Anatomical Position: standing, palms facing forward, arms by side
   • Supine: lying on back, facing up
   • Prone: lying on stomach, facing down
   • Decubitus, Trendelenburg, and other body positions

2. Anatomical Planes and Lines

   • Coronal (Frontal) Plane: divides into anterior and posterior
   • Horizontal Plane: divides into upper and lower
   • Median (Sagittal) Plane: divides into right and left
   • Lines: anterior median line, posterior median line

3. Terms of Movement

   • Flexion vs. Extension: angle narrowing vs. widening
   • Abduction vs. Adduction: moving away vs. towards midline
   • Rotation: internal vs. external
   • Supination vs. Pronation: palm facing forward vs. backward

The Skin

• Largest Organ: epidermis (epithelial tissue), dermis (connective tissue), hypodermis
• Skin Functions: protection, sensation, temperature regulation
• Sweat Glands: evaporative cooling
• Nerve Endings: Merkel, Meissner, Pacinian, Ruffini corpuscles

Fascia

• Superficial Fascia: under the skin, part of hypodermis
• Deep Fascia: wraps around muscles, invests viscera

Muscles and Tendons

• Types of Muscles:
  • Skeletal: striated, voluntary
  • Cardiac: striated, involuntary
  • Smooth: non-striated, involuntary
• Tendons: attach muscles to bones, made of collagen

Cartilage

• Types of Cartilage:
  • Hyaline: articular surfaces, growth plates
  • Fibrocartilage: intervertebral discs, pubic symphysis
  • Elastic (Yellow): ear, epiglottis

Bones

• Skeleton Composition: axial (midline) and appendicular (limbs)
• Types of Bone: compact (cortical) vs. spongy (trabecular)
• Bone Cells: osteocytes (maintain), osteoblasts (build), osteoclasts (break down)

Joints

• Types of Joints:
  • Fibrous: immovable (skull sutures)
  • Cartilaginous: slightly movable (pubic symphysis)
  • Synovial: freely movable (shoulder joint)

Conclusion

• Exploration of anatomical concepts with focus on practical application
• Encouraged further study with provided review videos
• Promoted additional resources for learning more about anatomy and surgery